大学英语：雅思语法讲解

雅思语法讲解一、英语基本结构主语+谓语+（宾语）+（补语）+（状语） 一、主语：句子的核心主体，通常位于谓语动词之前，表明一个句子是谁或何种情况所发出执行或是承受的。在雅思写作中常做主语的有名词、代词、主语从句、V-ing 、To do五种。 1名词：Computers are now being widely used in almost all fields. 2代词：We are now living in an information-explosion era. 3主语从句：Whether sports stars should earn a high salary is still discussed heatedly. 4V-ing: Surfing the Internet offers a new way for people to relax themselves. 5To do: To protect the environment is everybodys business. 二、谓语：描述或阐述主语的情况，由动词来充当，常位于主语之后。 1表状态用系动词：As I see it, movie stars earning a high salary is unfair and unjustified. 2表动作用及物或不及物动词：The Internet has revolutionized peoples way of life. Taste differs. 3表拥有：人或物时用：have has 无生命的东西：there be People have different views on this question. There is no absolute agreement on this question. 4情态动词+动词原形： In this way, teachers can never be replaced by computers. 三、宾语：及物动词或介词所指向的对象。在雅思写作中常做宾语的有名词、宾语从句、复合结构、V-ing 、To do五种。 1名词作宾语：International tourism promotes the economic development. 2宾语从句作宾语：Some people hold that air travel should be restricted. 3复合结构：The advanced medical technology has made it possible for people to live longer than ever possible before. 4 V-ing: Nobody can avoid being influenced by media. 5 To do: Some people want to work for a big company while others choose to work for a small one. 二、基本句型的扩展：二、基本句型的扩展： 增添法增添法 用修饰语（用形容词、副词修饰） 1. We shall make concerted efforts to save the endangered wild animals from extinction. (用形容词修饰名词) 2. The collision of remarkably different cultures makes the newcomer dumbfounded. (用副词修饰形容词、副词或动词) 用修饰短语扩展（在句子中增加介词短语，不定式短语，动名词和分词短语） 1. Everyone must punch in at work without exception. (用介词短语扩展) 2. To be economically prosperous, China will carry our more flexible policies of opening to the outside world. (用不定式扩展) 并列法：并列法：使用并列连词（and, but）或副词 （furthermore, nevertheless, whereas, therefore 等） 从属法：从属法：各种从属句（主语从句，补语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，状语从句） 三、标点符号：三、标点符号：英语中没有书名号和顿号，书或文章的英语中没有书名号和顿号，书或文章的名字用双引号；冒号可以用于列举、解释、名字用双引号；冒号可以用于列举、解释、引语等引语等, 下面是冒号常见错误下面是冒号常见错误 1. 误：误：The obstacles between them and their goals are: substandard facilities，too few qualified staff，and old-fashioned methods 正：正：Three obstacles stood between us and our goals: substandard facilities，too few qualified staff, and old-fashioned methods. 2. 误：误：To me，the most important things in life are: health，happiness，good friends，and a great deal of money. 正：正：To me, the most important things in life are the following/as follows: health, happiness, good friends, and a great deal of money. 四、句子的多样性四、句子的多样性 1. 长短句交替：混合使用简单句，并列句和复杂长短句交替：混合使用简单句，并列句和复杂句。句。 2. 句子开头多样化：不要总是用名词或人称代词句子开头多样化：不要总是用名词或人称代词作句子的开头。作句子的开头。 形容词：形容词：Proud and relieved, they watched their daughter receive her diploma. 副词：副词：Hungrily, the boy devoured his lunch. 独立结构：独立结构：Foreign students coming to the United States, they suffer from culture shock. 介词词组：介词词组：For better or worse, credit cards are now readily available to college students. 分词短语：分词短语：Having decided to quit his job, Robert began looking for another one. 分词短语：分词短语：Located on the west coast of Great Britain, Wales is part of the United Kingdom. 转承副词：转承副词：Whatever method you use, cultivate the habit of taking notes. 3. 词语变化：同一个词不要使用过于频繁，词语变化：同一个词不要使用过于频繁，选择同义词或近义词。选择同义词或近义词。 S + V + O + N (主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 名词) 1. In English people name fat people _. 英语中肥胖的人被称为沙发土豆。 2. People call TV _. 人们把电视叫做白痴盒子。 3. We consider the installation of cameras _. 我们认为摄像头的安装是对人隐私的侵犯。 4. We consider _ 我们认为新闻审查制度是对言论自由的公然践踏。 1. In English people name fat people couch potatoes 英语中肥胖的人被称为沙发土豆。 2. People call TV an idiot box 人们把电视叫做白痴盒子。 3. We consider the installation of cameras an infringement on peoples privacy 我们认为摄像头的安装是对人隐私的侵犯。 4. We consider censorship a brazen encroachment on freedom of expression 我们认为新闻审查制度是对言论自由的公然践踏。 S + V + O + INFINITIVE 1. I sincerely invite you to attend my _ that is to be held at China Hotel next Sunday. 我诚意邀请你参加下星期天我在中国大酒店举行的婚礼。 2. I require you to send someone _as soon as possible. 我要求你尽快派人处理这棘手的问题。 3. Would you allow me _? 您可否让我跟您面谈我的个人情况呢? 4. The Internet enables us to _the latest information worldwide. 互联网使我们很容易接触到全世界最新的资讯。 5. Experts advise the government to demolish the old houses in the downtown area to _. 专家建议政府拆除市区里的旧房子来改善城市形象。 1. I sincerely invite you to attend my wedding that is to be held at China Hotel next Sunday. 2. I require you to send someone to deal with this thorny issue as soon as possible. 3. Would you allow me to have an interview with you to discuss my qualifications? 4. The Internet enables us to have easy access to the latest information worldwide. 5. Experts advise the government to demolish the old houses in the downtown area to promote the city image.