用过去式表示的虚拟语气

在虚拟条件句中的运用1. 与现在事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用一般过去式（be 般用were），主句谓语用 would /should /could /might + 动词原形。如：If I were you, I would n ever do that.如果我是你，我决不做那件事。If it weren' t for （二But for） your help, I would still be homeless.若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。If I had more mon ey, I would buy a car.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买汽车了。 注：在口语中，在第一、三人称后，也有人用waso如：If I was（were） rich, I would buy a car.我要是有钱，我就买汽车了。2. 与将来事实相反：条件句中的谓语可用一般过去式、或者“ were to /should +动词原 形”，主句谓语用 would /should /could /might + 动词原形。如：If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.要是 明天下雨，我就不去那里。3. 与过去事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用过去完成式，主句谓语用would /should /could/might + have + 过去分词。如：If he had take n my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake.要是他当初听从我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。If it hadn' t been for Margaret, I might not have understood.要不是有玛格丽特，我可能还不明白。注：若虚拟条件句 中有were, should, had 时，可省略if，将were, should, had 移至 主语前。如：Were I you, I would n ever do that.Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn' t go there.Had it not bee n for Margaret, I might not have un derstood.在错综时间虚拟条件句中的运用虚拟条件句与主句谓动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语动词的形式。如：If you ' d listened to me, you wouldn' t be in such trouble now.如果你当初听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用without, with, but for( 要不是)等介词短语，或者用but, or, otherwise等副词或连词，或者用不定式或分词短语等来表示虚拟条件。 如：But for (=if it had not been for ) your help, I wouldn' t have been successful.要是没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。I was so busy the n, otherwise, I would have helped him.我当时很忙，要不然，我会帮助他的。We couldn ' t have finished it without Mary.如果没有玛丽，我们是不能按时完成这个工作的。To hear him talk (=If you could hear him talk),you ' d think he was PrimeMin ister.听他讲话你会以为他是首相。Given more time, I could have done it better.要是多给一点时间，我会做得更好。在 wish, if only, as if, would rather等后的从句中这些从句的谓语动词的形式是：若与现在或将来事实相反，用一般过去式(动词be 一律用were);若与过去事实相反，用过去完成式。如：I wish it were spri ng here all the year round.但愿这里四季如春。I wish I hadn' t wasted so much time.但愿当初不该浪费这么多时间就好了。If only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了 ！If only I had liste ned to my pare nts!我要是听了我父母的话就好了。Li Mi ng speaks En glish as if he were an America n.李明说英语好像是美国人。I would rather he came tomorrow.我宁愿他明天来。I ' d rather he hadn ' t told me about it.我宁愿他没告诉我这事。注：as if/as though引导的从句若是事实，就不必用虚拟语气。如：It looks as if it is going to rai n.看起来要下雨的样子。学习必备_欢迎下载 as if/as though引导的从句中He speaks En glish as though he were an America n. 他说英语跟美国人差不多。在It ' s time that 的that从句的谓语动词 It is time that we got ready for the final exam in ati on. 该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了。