中学生科普英语趣味阅读

中学生科普英语趣味阅读I. 生物篇 Biomes(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the article)Para 11. ecosystem  生态系统2. interact with 与相互作用   How does he interact with his kids?    他和孩子是怎么交流的？Para 23. distinctive  独特的4. thrive 兴旺，繁荣，成功    e.g. The real estate business is thriving.      房地产生意兴隆。Para 35. marine 海的，海生的，海产的6. coral reef 珊瑚礁7. regulate  管理，控制；调整，调节    e.g. Private schools regulate the bahaviour of students.    私立学校规范学生行为。   regulation  n. 规章，规则；调整8. habitat  栖息地，产地9. diverse 不同的，多种多样的Para 610. mate  (with)（鸟、兽）交配11. whisker  （一根）须，似须物(II) Notes to sentencesPara 2Each biome has a distinctive combination of life forms that can thrive in its particular conditions. 每个生物群系有独特的、在其特殊情况下欣欣向荣的生命形态组合。Tundra(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the article)Para  212. moss  苔藓，泥沼13. permafrost 永久冻土层Para 314. musk oxen 牛15. arctic hare 北极兔16. snow owl 雪鹰 17. lemming 旅鼠Para 418. altitude 高度，海拔Para 519. kea 肉食大鹦鹉Para 620. vegetation 植被 (II) Notes to sentencesPara 4The lower areas do not have permafrost, and soils are generally more suited to plants.低洼地区没有永久冻土层，而且土壤也更适合植物生长。Forest Biomes(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the article)Para 11. approximately  大约，近似地Para 122. emergent  出现的，紧急的 （学过 emerge; emergency）3. exotic  外来的，异国的Para 144. gorilla  大猩猩5. abundant  丰富的，充裕的(II) Notes to the sentences Para 2The forests are home to evergreen trees. 森林是常青树的生息地。Para 3As a result, the needles are dark in color, so they absorb what little light falls on their  surface.结果，针叶的颜色变黑，他们吸收了照在表面上的那一点点光线。Para 7New leaves capture the enrgy of the sun and sprout quickly before the tall trees grow too thick to let sun reach them.新绿的树叶吸收了太阳的能量并在高大树木长得太茂密而无法让阳光照到他们之前迅速开花。Grassland and Desert Biomies(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the article)Para 31. tramping  - tramp  践踏；步行2. creeping stems 匍匐茎Para 43. the Arabian Peninsula 阿拉伯半岛4. the Asian subcontinent 亚洲次大陆Para 65. evaporate  蒸发；失去水分Marine and Freshwater Biomes(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the article)Para 31. breach  突破Para 42. ferocious-looking  看起来凶猛的Para 63. cling (to rocks)  紧贴；附着     4. trout 鳟鱼Para 75. algae 水藻，海藻     6. glide 滑行；滑翔；溜走(II) Notes to sentencesPara 4Deep-sea fish typically have big mouths, long sharp teeth, and stomachs that stretch to swallow prey whole. 深海鱼典型的特点是：大嘴巴、长尖牙，胃大得足以把猎物整个吞下。II. 哺乳动物篇 Adaptable Mammals(I) VocabularyVocabularyChinese meaningsAdditional Notes1.dominant显性的，占优势的dominance2.diversified各种的，多样化的diversify v.3.class n.种类，阶级vt. 分类，把分等级adj.极好的4.vertebrate脊椎动物（的）5.surrounding周围的（事物）6.casing套，盒，包装case 把装箱7.shrew鼩鼱,鼠的近亲；泼妇8.texture质地，结构，肌理9. by far用于比较级、最高级，表程度Hes by far the tallest in our class. 10.versatile万能的，多才多艺的11.damp潮湿（的）v.使潮湿，使沮丧，抑制12.limb翼，翅膀，肢，臂13.walk on all fours爬行14.propel驱使，推动（注意双写l）15.hindadj.后部的 n.雌鹿16.primate灵长动物的17.locomotion移动，运动18.swing through荡过(II)Notes to difficult sentences1. If the total number of species for the major animal groups are compared , mammals, with about 4000 species, are last.如果与主要的动物群的物种数量相比，哺乳动物只有4000种，位居最后。2. Finally，there are humans, whose very dominance is based partly on their ability to walk on hind limbs alone. 最后，就有了人类，而人类的绝对优势一定程度上在于他们单独依靠后肢行走的能力。 (Edited by Shao Chongwen) Diet and home for mammalsI. Vocabulary be tied to束缚于. trunk象鼻 nectar花蜜 omnivore杂食动物 grub蛆，幼虫 hash严厉的，严酷的 herbivore食草动物 get at接近，到达 sedentary定栖的 predator捕食者 burrow（兔，狐）的洞穴 beaver海狸 lodge林中小屋 hoof蹄子 antelope羚羊II. Notes to difficult sentences1. Species that are not closely tied to one food source or method of eating have the best chance for continued survival and adaptation. 那些不受食物来源和捕食方法束缚的物种往往最能持久地适应与幸存下来。2. It varies in design from a single hole to a complicated network of underground tunnels. 这些地洞构造上从简单的洞到复杂的地下“隧道”网络各不相同。 (Edited by Shao Chongwen) Social organizationI. Vocabularyhierarchy层级，等级制度submissive顺从的，柔顺的rank排列，分等instinct本能herd兽群comparatively比较地，相当地baboon狒狒troop组，群，军队nursing mother奶妈remainder剩余的人，余数encounter遭遇，邂逅，遇到maneuver调遣procession队伍II. Notes to difficult sentences1. Groups of mammals that do not seem to maintain any particular order when feeding or moving about are, in fact, highly organized.哺乳动物群落看似在进食与移动时不保持特别次序，事实上他们是非常有组织性的。2. This arrangement is to be adopted to make sure that if a predator threatens a member of the troop from any direction, it will first have to encounter the strongest members: adult males.采用这个安排是为了确保当天敌从任何一个方位威胁到群落中的成员时，它将首先遭遇最强的群落成员：成年雄性猩猩。 (Edited by Shao Chongwen; supervised by Spring) ElephantsI. Vocabulary savanna热带（稀树）草原herbivorous食草的grinding磨molar臼齿的molar teethtusk长牙nostril鼻孔log木材with ease熟练地，不费力地gestation怀孕期liter公升in charge主管，负责trumpet发出喇叭的声音charge at冲击，猛攻(By Shao Chongwen) III. 现代技术篇  Technology Used in Medical Field1.VocabularyparallelV.与.平行 n.平行线astonishing使.惊讶astonishing=amazingvaccineN.疫苗，牛痘疫苗vaccinationeradicate根除，消灭smallpox天花wipe擦，消除，涂上wipe out 消灭indigenous本土的，土著的malaria疟疾detect察觉，发现radiology放射学skeletal骨骼的tissue组织（生物）纸巾cardiac心脏的scanner扫描仪scantomographyX线断层摄影术CT（computed -）医学magnetic有磁性的resonance共振，共鸣ultrasound超声波fetus胎儿womb子宫，发源地abnormality异常，畸形pillcam胶囊内窥镜capsule胶囊esophagus食道transmit传输，传送，发射plug塞紧，接通电源plug into 接通diagnosis诊断2. Notes to difficult sentences1) For example, vaccines can control and even eradicate diseases that in the past eliminated entire populations. 比如，疫苗能够控制甚至根除那些在过去能使全部感染者身亡的疾病。2) A vaccine is a medicine that contains a weak form of a disease that people can fight off to develop immunity to the actual disease, 疫苗是一种能够通过控制疾病处于较弱状态而使类能够自行抵抗并对现行的疾病提高免疫力的药物。(By Shao Chongwen) Technology in daily lifeI. Vocabulary torch火把，火炬flaming燃烧的，激昂的flam 燃烧lump块，块状soak沉浸于. 吸收，浸透reed芦苇wick灯芯tallow兽脂，牛脂beeswax蜂蜡honeycomb蜂巢spermaceti鲸蜡paraffin石蜡stearic硬脂的；硬脂酸的durable耐用的，持久的incandescent辉耀的，炽热的glow发热n.&v.filament灯丝carbonized碳化的thread线be critical to对.起决定性的socket插座vacuum真空的tube管，电子管，隧道triode三极管=audioninstant瞬时的，立即的（adj）瞬间，片刻（n）II. Notes to difficult sentences1) Other "torches" developed when people soaked dried reed plants into hot ,melted animal fat. 其他的“火把”也在人类将芦苇浸泡于热的融化的动物油脂中应运而生了。2) However，they had not developed anything even remotely practical for home use. 然而，他们却甚至连与家用还相当遥远的东西都没有发明出来。3) It was the start of a flood of electrical inventions that later entered the home,including the television and the computer. 这是这些电器发明的潮流，包括电视和电脑，的开端，并在后来逐渐进入了家庭。 (By Shao Chongwen) Technology for rescue1.Vocabulary ladder梯子upgrade升级state-of-the-art当前发展水平be fitted with 配备navigation航海radar雷达telemetry遥测技术relay转播ECG心电图cable电缆，电报stranded搁浅的vessel船unsinkable不会下沉的sturdy坚定地withstand抵挡，禁得起maneuverable有机动性的capsize倾覆（船），翻覆ceiling上限humility湿度margin of error误差幅度2. Notes to difficult sentences1) Innovative and advanced technology always served sea search and rescue, such as the rockets used to connect a cable to a stranded vessel and which decades later caused a sensation as spectacular rocket-driven engines for well-known car companies. 创新与先进的科技往往用于服务海上搜救活动，例如火箭过去常用电报与搁浅的船相连接而数十年之后这项技术才以惊人的火箭发射引擎为著名汽车公司服务的方式引起轰动。2) This means the higher you go, the less weight they can carrydepending on the helicopter,maybe not even its own weightand the smaller the margin of error for the helicopter pilot and rescuers. 这就意味着你飞得越高，你能携带的重量就越少这都取决于你乘坐的直升飞机，可能甚至因为飞机本身的重量而不能飞至某个高度而飞机飞行员和救援者的误差幅度就会越小。  Cars1.Vocabularyinternal内在的，内部的国内的combustion燃烧，氧化 credit相信，归功于 v. Peru秘鲁 novelty新奇（的事物） enthusiast狂热者enthusiasm热情，热心fender挡泥板fend保护，挡开gasoline汽油 assembly line装配线 affordable负担得起的 horse-drawn马拉的 2.Notes to difficult sentences1) Automobiles，however, were seen as more of a novelty than genuinely useful. 然而，汽车在当时与其说是真实有用，不如说只是一种新奇的玩意。  (to be continued)