代词的分类及其用法

代词、代词概念1、代词的定义：代替名词、数词、上下文的词句例：一只狗it一个人she/he2、代词的分类一)人称代词二)物主代词三)反身代词四)指示代词五)疑问代词六)连接代词七)关系代词八)不定代词二、人称代词1、人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时，用人称代词的宾格；作主格时：她是一个很小心的出租车司机。Sheisacarefultaxi-driver.作宾格时：他们都非常喜欢她。Theyalllikeherverymuch.2、人称代词作表语时用宾格，尤其在口语中；谁敲门Whoisknockingatdoor是我。It'sme.3) it的用法a. 代替上文提到的东西例：我的钢笔丢了，我找不到它。Mypenismissing.Icannotfindit.b. 代替事件和情况例：杰克病了。你听人说起过吗Jackisill.Haveyouheardaboutitc. 表示婴儿和未知的人例：这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩IsitaboyoragirlItisaboy.d. 代替this,that例：WhatisthisThis/Itisaguitar.WhatisthatThat/Itisacomputer.e表示时间和天气例：今天天气很冷。Itisverycoldtoday.明天是星期天。ItisSundaytomorrow.f表示地点和距离例：北京离伦敦有多远HowfarisitfromBeijingtoLondon三、物主代词1、物主代词的分类形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词2、形容词性物主代词起到形容词作用，只能作定语例：dictionary（字典）mydictionary3、名词性物主代词起到名词作用，作主语、表语、宾语和与"of"连用作定语；表语例：这个小刀是我的。The/Thisknifeismine.主语例：我们的教室在一楼，他们的教室在二楼。Ourclassroomisonthe2rdfloor.Theirsisonthe3rdfloor.宾语例：你可以用我的钢笔，我用他的。Youmayusemypen,Iwillusehis.定语例：他是我的一位朋友。Heisafriendofmine.4、考点：用"the”代替物主代词；例：他打了她的头。Hehitheronthehead.士兵腿部受了伤。Thesoldierwashurtintheleg.5、英语中，类似于“我的”“你的”词语不能省略；例：请帮我学英语。PleasehelpmewithmyEnglish.别把手揣在兜儿里。Don'tputyourhandsinyourpocket.四、反身代词反身代词的非强调用法1、反身代词一般作宾语；作动词的宾语，表示一个及物动词的动作重新又回到动作者本身；位置在动词后。例：一只蜡烛照亮了别人，损耗了自己。Acandlelightsothersandconsumesitself.宽以待人，严于律己。Forgiveothersbutnotyourself.2、反身代词的分类：第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves不定人称oneselfoneselves3、有些固定的动词后加反身代词，其后的宾语补语表示主语突然不自觉的或被动的动作或状态。比如在find（找到）/here（听到）/catch（抓住）等动词。例：自信是走向成功的第一步。Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.这部小说对向我这样的初学者来说，太难了。Thenovelistoodifficultforbeginnerslikemyself/me.4、介词反身代词1)byoneself独自例：Helivesbyhimself.Hediditbyhimself.Pressthebuttonanddooropensbyitself.2)ofoneself自动的例：Successwillnotcomeofitselftoknockatyourdoor.Thedooropenedofitself3)foroneself独自例：Ifyoudon'tbelieveme,yougothereandseeforyourself.Hissonisoldenoughtodoitforhimself.4) inoneself本身例：You'dbetteraskedpatientinherselfabouthertrouble.Theinvitationisinitselffriendshipstep.5) besideoneself欣喜若狂，高度兴奋例：Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoy.6) betweenourselves两者之间例：Thematterisbetweenourselves.amongoneself三者之间例：Theydividedtheapplesamongthemselves反身代词的强调用法一般作名词或代词的同位语；1、位置可置于名词之后，句首、句尾用来加强语气。例：Thepresidenthimselfwillchairthemeeting.Thepresidentwillchairthemeetinghimself.Imyselfcan'tcome,butIwillasksomeonetohelp.Weourselveswillbuildourcollege.2、可以将veryownreal等强调词插入反身代词中间，强调该反身代词。例：Iwillgotheremyownself.Itisherveryselfyousaw.五、指示代词thisthatthesethose指示代词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语；1、主语例：IsthisyourpenNo,itisn't.It'sMary's.Theseareourbooks.Thatisagoodidea2、表语例：WhatIwantisthis.3、宾语例：YoulikethisbutIlikethat.4、定语例：ThosebooksareDavid's.Inthoseyears,theyseldomdidexperimenttotestideas.5、 thatthose代表同类事物，即同类不同物；若同类同物，则用人称代词例：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofIndia.Thegirlsinclass4aremoreactivethanthoseinclass3.6、 suchsame主语例：Suchwerethefacts.Thesamemaybesadofhisfather.定语例：Idon'tlikesuchweather.Weliveunderthesameroofandeatatthesametable.表语例：Hisillnesswasnotsuchastocauseanxiety.Hiscompositionisthesameasyours.宾语例：Goodhealth.Thesametoyou.Iwishyouthesame.六、不定代词不定代词的分类肯定类不定代词alleverybodybotheithereverythingsomesomebodysomeonesomethingalittleafew否定类不定代词nonobodynoneneithernothingnonenoonenobodynothinglittlefew1作主语其谓语动词在人称和数的应用上，一般应具下面的规则：a. both在肯定句中作复数,eitherneither作单数；b. all指人的时候，一般用复数；指物的时候，一般用单数；例：BothofthemstudyEnglishbutneitherofthemstudiesJapanese.Allarehereatthemeeting.NeitherofthemisgoodatEnglish.辨析：NeitherofushavebeentoBeijing.全部否定Bothofushaven'tbeentoBeijing.部分否定2作定语Manyfew修饰可数名词Muchlittle修饰不可数名词Someanyno修饰可数名词和不可数名词例：Manypeoplehavegone.Do/Wouldyoulikesomewater.Thereisalittlemoneyinmypocket.不定代词的基本用法1主语Onemustone'sduty.2表语That'sallIcando.3同位语Theyallagreetocarryouttheplanquickly.4宾语Theappleisnotgood.Pleasegivemeanother.5定语Thestoryismuchmoreinterestingthantheothertwo.6状语Ispendsome2hoursdoingmyhomeworkyesterday.some+W问：表示大约例：Idon'tthinkthereisanythingabouthaircutthatcouldmakemeloveyouanyless.不定代词的辨析1 some/anya. some指人或物，多用于肯定句中；在否定句和疑问句中一般用any；但表示一种建议的时候，采取疑问形式。例：WillyouhavesometeaHereapples,wontyouhavesomeb. any指一些时，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。表示任何的，任何一个时，用于肯定句中。例：Youcanaskanystudentwhoyoumeetforhelp.Youmaycomehereatanyday.Hedidbetterthananybeforehim.2 both/neither/eitherboth（两者都）用于肯定陈述句，作同位语时放在行为动词之前，be动词之后；谓语用复数。例：Youarebothcompletelywrong.either（两者中任意一个）其后动词用单数；例：Eitherofthemisgoingtoagreetothisarrangement.neither（两者都不）其后动词用单数；例：NeitherofthemisgoodatEnglish.NeitherofushasbeentoBeijing.3 each/everyeach强调个别；每一，每个；作主语时，谓语动词用单数例：Eachofushasanewdictionary.Sheknowseachstudentoftheclass.Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.every强调整体；每；指三个或三个以上整体中的每一个；一般只能作形容词；一般修饰单数可数名词，表示每个都；修饰可数名词复数时，意思有差异；不能单独作主语。例：Youcanlearnsomethingusefulfromeveryone.every3days每3天everyday每天4 no/noneno作定语，可以修饰可数名词与不可数名词；no=notany例：Ihavenotime=Idon'thaveanytimeHeknowsnoEnglish=Hedoesn'tknowEnglishatall.none作主语、宾语、表语，代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；代替可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。例：Noneofthismoneyismine.Noneofushas/havegotaticket.5 nothing/nobody/nonenothing指物，不用"of"结构例：There'snothingintheclassroom.nobody指人，也不用"of"结构例：There'snobodyintheclassroom.none指人或者物，三者以上，可用于"of"结构例：HowmanybooksarethereonthedeskNoneHowmanystudentsarethereinthelibraryNoneHelikesnoneofthethree.Noneofmyfriendsdrinks.