高中英语 Unit 2 第四学时 Grammar课件 新人教版选修7

英语英语选修选修7（人教版）（人教版）第四学时第四学时GrammarUnit 2Robots 一、语态分类一、语态分类英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动被动) 汉语中常用汉语中常用“被被”“”“给给”“”“由由”“”“受受”等词来表示被动，而等词来表示被动，而英语用英语用“助动词助动词be及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成谓语动词的构成谓语动词的被动语态。被动语态。 语语 法法 精精 讲讲二、被动语态常用的八种时态二、被动语态常用的八种时态1一般现在时。一般现在时。The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2一般过去时。一般过去时。They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was_agreed_on last month. 语语 法法 精精 讲讲 3一般将来时。一般将来时。They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will_be_sent abroad by sea. 4过去将来时。过去将来时。The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would_be_completed by the end of the year. 语语 法法 精精 讲讲 语语 法法 精精 讲讲5现在进行时。现在进行时。 The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are_being_broadcasted on the radio.6过去进行时。过去进行时。 They didnt drive there on time because the workers were mending the road. They didnt drive there on time because the road was_being_mended. 7现在完成时。现在完成时。Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have_been_told the sports meet might be put off. 8过去完成时。过去完成时。When I got to the theatre，I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre，I found the tickets had already been_sold_out. 语语 法法 精精 讲讲 9含有情态动词的被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态由含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词情态动词be及物及物动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”构成构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must_be_handed_in after class. 语语 法法 精精 讲讲三、被动语态的使用三、被动语态的使用1当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时可以省略被动语态，这时可以省略by短语。短语。The cup with mixture was broken.2突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用执行者，用by 短语短语。These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul. 语语 法法 精精 讲讲 语语 法法 精精 讲讲四、主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况四、主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况1某些动词与某些动词与well，badly，easily 等副词连用时突出主等副词连用时突出主语内在的品质特征或是性能，这时这些动词是不及物动语内在的品质特征或是性能，这时这些动词是不及物动词，用主动形式表达被动含义。常见的动词有：词，用主动形式表达被动含义。常见的动词有：write，sell，read，clean，wash，cook等等。The cloth washes easily.The new product sells well.The pen writes smoothly.对比以下句子对比以下句子： 语语 法法 精精 讲讲这肉已炖了好长时间了。这肉已炖了好长时间了。 (被动句被动句)2感官动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的动词感官动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的动词有：有：go，appear，touch，feel，look，seem，taste，sound，grow/become/get，remain等。等。 语语 法法 精精 讲讲 3在句型在句型 sth. beadj.to do中用主动形式表被动意中用主动形式表被动意义。义。The text is hard to understand.The box is heavy to carry.4在句型在句型be worth doing中用主动形式表被动意义。中用主动形式表被动意义。 The book is worth reading a second time. 语语 法法 精精 讲讲