初中现在完成时讲解练习及答案(共4页)

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 现在完成时 1 结构式：肯定形式：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done 一般疑问句：have或has放于句首。2 用法： A 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。 The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了 B 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内） 的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词 例如： (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。 错误：I have bought the book for three months. 正确：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？ 错误：How long has your brother joined the army? 正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?3 标志词：专心-专注-专业recentlyever, never,so far since，for，in the past/last few yearsalready（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, justbefore说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。 例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)I cant find my watch now. I think I have already lost it. 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。 但可用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 现归纳总结: 由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换1.直接用延续性动词 buy havecatch(get) a cold have a coldborrowkeepput on- wearreceivehave go to sleep sleep get to know know 2.转换成be+名词 join the army be a soldier； go to school be a student become a tacherbe a teacher join-be a member of 3转换成be+形容词或副词diebe dead； finish be over； beginbe on； leavebe away ； fall sleep be asleep returnbe back get married /marry be marriedfinish be over open be open closebe closed fall ill be ill. go out be out , stop be over fall asleepbe asleep , get up_ be up；4 转换成 be+介词短语 : go to school be in school ； go to bed be in bed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地 be in(at) +某地； 练一练：延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. 比较 ：have(has) been to.表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。 have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了一、单项选择。2、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago4、 How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed; better 6、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there ? . will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying11、 His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . still14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . Is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library.has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university