Culture factor to English translation论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响

Culture factor to English translation论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响Introduction 1I. Actuality of English Learning in China 2II. Factors Affecting English Learning 3A. The Restriction of Social Context 3B. Difference between the Two Languages 4C. The Goals and Motivation 4D. Phenomenon of Language Transfer 5. Distinctions between English and Chinese 6A. Structure 7B. Pronunciation 7C. Vocabulary 7D. Culture 8. Conditions for English Learning 9A. Social Context 9B. Attitudes and Motivation 10C. Native Pronunciation Condition 11D. Cultural Background 11. Creating Conditions for English Learning 12A. A Good Foundation of English 12B. A Good Attitude to English Learning 12C. Using Our Available Resources 13D. Cultural Communication 13E. Proper Use of Language Transfer 13Conclusion 15Acknowledgements 16Bibliography 17 Abstract A good mastery of English has become a must for all the students in China because of frequent communication between countries. It is easy for the students to get access to English. And our country lays stress on fostering English talents. But the present situation of English learning is that many people have labored on it but only to find it is a waste of time and energy. This thesis analyzes the factors affecting the English learning which are social context, the distinction between these two languages and the students goals and motivations. With Bernard Spolskys theory, the author explains the most important conditions for second language learning: social context, cultural background, exposure condition and native pronunciation condition. He insists that learners should pay special attention to language transfer and intercultural communication. Besides, a good attitude is crucial. Available resources are also of great help to create good conditions for English learning in Chinese context.Key WordsChinese context; conditions; second language learning; language transferAbstract : This paper sets the cultural inferences of Chinese context on The English language teaching method. It examines the impact of traditional Chinese culture and the modern English teaching method, the growth of the English teaching method in China ,the positive influences of Chinese context on English language teaching methods and the negative influences as well. Chinese traditional culture decides teachers attitude towards English teaching methods. Chinese cultural schema of education plays an important role in Chinas English teaching at present. Chinese teachers get used to following Chinese tradition to deal with their teaching and their students .The influences from Chinese traditional culture affect Chinese English teaching a lot in many ways. Effective English teaching methods will promote the students English learning. Therefore, to adapt to the fast developing modern society and the need for the global English masters, efforts have been made to improve the English teaching methods in schools in China. Key words: cultural influence; English teaching method; tradition 1. Introduction With the development of modern society, English is becoming more and more important in the world . In China, it seems that English is much more important than our mother tongue itself. In order to teach the students well, Chinas English teachers are trying their best. However, many Chinese students can only finishes off the test paper successfully. They can not speak English well and communicate with others well . It is known as the “Dumb English”. Teaching methods need to be improved extremely. This article presents the cultural influence on the English teaching in China. Chinas old tradition plays a positive role as well as the negative role. In order to improve the students English level, teachers have to extinguish the negative parts and develop the positive parts. Traditional form of teaching method is hard to change , however in this fast developing society, teachers must adjust their own attitudes towards English language teaching. If teachers can master better teaching methods, it will be easier for Chinese students to learn English well. And teachers will also release themselves from tiring work .Both teachers and students will be happy to treat English learning as an easy thing. 2. Positive cultural inferences of Chinese context on the English language teaching method. China is an old country with a long history. We have our own tradition almost as long as five thousand years. Chinese teachers adopt many good traditional customs of teaching. Chinese teachers are good at learning from the others. They believe “Teaching and learn are developing at the same time.” They are hard working and intelligent. If they find some more effective ways of teaching , they will try to learn from it and use it in their own language teaching. Chinese teachers usually works carefully. They always teach students tirelessly. They think teachers should be committed to transmitting knowledge and solving problems for students. They not only teach books but also cultivate people. Therefore, Chinese teachers usually add much more feeling in their daily teaching than teachers in other countries. They can persist their belief to teach every student , and try to make their own methods more thoughtful to each student. Traditional culture plays a crucial role in Chinese English teaching methods. In this part, Chinese teachers traditional ability of learning from the more powerful ones is explored at first. Chinese teachers traditional careful teaching attitude in their daily teaching is also provided in the same section. 2.1 Chinese teachers traditional ability of learning from others in teaching.The students learn vary from one to another just as teachers teach in different ways. If taking learner preferences into account a teacher has to devote more time and effort to adjust his/her teaching procedures. Such extra effort and commitment deserves a reward. Chinese teachers are good at learning from the others, especially the young ones. When they see the new better teaching methods, they will try to use them in their own teaching. Many young teachers learn new and modern ways of teaching from some classrooms, abroad studying or online. They will generalize all the good ways of teaching and make a new one that fits them well. They use it, improve it at the same time. Many new teaching methods appear in China in the recent years. Our old traditions are changed a lot by most young teachers. However, a few old teachers are still stick to the traditional ways of teaching. There is a Chinese saying: Learn the good points from the other people and then conquer them in the similar ways. Chinese people had the tradition long before. Chinese are clever and intelligent as well. When they find a better thing , they will try their best to learn and use in their own ways. Owing to this, many new teaching methods are learnt and many even better methods are created by Chinese people. Chinese teachers wont copy but create on the basis of the original ones. In the process of learning , Chinese teachers will absorb the excellent parts and extinguish the useless parts. They treat new things with their critical eyes. Many new teaching methods appeared in China from time to time. The new methods fit Chinese students well after improving by the teachers in China. The new teaching methods give the students a new feeling and a better teaching environment. Chinese teachers know that we can take Chinese learning as a fundamental structure ; Western learning for practical use. Teachers use the new ways , but the fundament wont change a lot. They use the modern ways to teach English , but they the basic things remain still. Teachers know what knowledge is the most useful for Chinese students .When they use the new ways , they will leave something unchanged according to our tradition. 2.2 Chinese teachers traditional custom of teaching others tirelessly. In Chinese history, teachers were thought to be the most excellent people in the society. They are diligent gardeners, the engineers of human souls, etc. They were respected by many people in the society at that time. Chinese people thought that if the country wishes to prosper, it will value teachers and stress the role of instructors. Only by valuing teachers and stressing the role of instructors can the laws and regulations survive. They also thought that an outstanding student is produced by a strict teacher. From the ancient times to the modern society, teachers are usually respected by most of the people. Because of the great respect from others, Chinese teachers were “made” excellent. It seemed that if they are not as perfect as people expected, they would feel ashamed themselves. So almost all the teachers in China are patient and hardworking. As to the students, they must set a good example for students to follow with his / her conduct, teach by personal example as well as verbal instructions, instruct with principles, move with emotions, and guide with teachers own actions. In Chinese teachers daily teaching, they always teach the students carefully. To the slow learners, they must try their best to make the students understand them . They are tired but they must try their best to fulfill their profession. In fact , they are tired. However, their occupation makes them work” tireless”. Because of this, Chinese teachers teaching method is good for students , especially the younger ones. When they make mistakes in learning , teachers will teach them again and again until they understand at last. On the one hand , this teaching method is really great. On the other hand, it brings some problems too. Teaching time and time again makes some students think that it is OK that they cannot understand at the very beginning. Teachers will make them know at last. After a long time, the students will lose their ability to challenge themselves and the ability of creativity. Everything in the world has two sides. Teaching method is no exception. Chinese traditional English teaching method is excellent , but sometimes it has some drawbacks too. 3. Negative cultural inferences of Chinese context on the English language teaching method. While there is much good to be found in a traditional educational setting for some learners, alternatives are crucial for others. Unfortunately, the current situation in most classrooms is that diverse learner preferences are rarely, if ever considered in a systematic fashion. Knowledge about learning styles can help educators concerned with issues of access and equity for students who have not yet been well served by our nations schools to move beyond the mere rhetoric of a student-centered classroom. There are two sides to everything, no exception for the cultural influences on English teaching method. Old tradition give Chinese teacher much useful experience and criteria . However, it has some drawbacks in it too. Chinese teachers have the highest authority in classrooms. Teachers is the only leader in many classrooms. Students are not allowed to speak freely, act freely or create freely. Teachers talk more in class, and students only listen to them quietly. They cannot participate the classroom activities. They can only accept the knowledge the teacher give to them passively. Because of this, many Chinese students are “dumb” in English. They can only listen , read and write, but they cannot speak. We call this phenomenon “dumb English”. Too much authority for the teachers in class makes students lose the chances to speak English. They can get high marks , unfortunately, they cannot communicate with other people. Chinese teachers always pay more attention to the knowledge teaching, especially grammar teaching. They give students many rules to remember. Chinese students must remember everyday. They have to remember the words, the phrases, the sentences and even the whole text all the time. Long before Chinese people thought that if a person could recite three hundred pieces of Tangshi, then he might probably make new poems themselves. Chinese teachers follow the tradition day after day. 3.1 Chinese teachers absolute authority in class.In the ancient times, teachers were respected for their contribution to society. Teachers were like the candles , burning themselves and giving light to others. So Chinese teachers had the absolute authority in class. What the teacher said would be the truth and rules. Students must listen to and obey the rules all the time. Chinese people believe that a teacher for one day is the father for the whole life. Obviously, we can see teachers are always respected by most people in the society. And also, most people cannot challenge teachers even though they have doubts sometimes. Now many teachers adopt the traditional ways of teaching. They cannot accept students denying . They must protect their own “face”, and try to be the only people who can order others in class. Just because of this, many Chinese teachers are too strict to give students a chance to give their own opinions. Students can only accept what the teacher says and take it for granted. They cannot deny, doubt or say “NO”. In many classes now, English teachers talk too much . They only try to teach what they think to be important to the students. However, they forget to give the English learners time to practice. In language teaching, practice is quite necessary. Without proper practice , students cannot master a foreign language as easily as some teachers think. Some teachers usually pay more attention to their own duty” to teach”, and ignore the learners situation. Students need not only understand what the teachers tell them , but also use the language points in concrete situations. Practice makes perfect. Without practice, how can students be perfect? However, it is really hard for some teachers to abandon their traditional ways of teaching. Traditional thoughts take root in their minds . But for the sake of the development of students , teachers must change their attitude towards teachers authority in class. Students should be the centre in class. Teachers should help them, organize them and inspect them. The implementation into the classroom which involves management of the classroom environment roles, behaviors, and materials. The teachers anxiety or concern often arises when they are in a new situation, because they are worried about losing their long-established reputation. In fact, teachers need not think too much about it . The modern society is a fast developing society. In many countries, teaching beliefs have changed a lot. The future world belongs to the young people. Teachers should “come down to earth”, and try to help the future owners of the world , not order them to do what the older people want them to do . Chinese traditional culture effects Chinese teachers too much. Till now some stubborn teachers also want their students to respect their absolute authority in class. They cannot bear their students to waste so much time in class to practice. There are many helpful things in Chinese traditional culture , however, there are also some out-of date things. To be a good teacher, they must have the ability to adopt the good things and abandon the useless parts. 3.2 Traditional English teaching methods lead to “dumb English.The phenomenon of dumb English has appeared for tens of years. People feel sorry to find there are so many students are good at finishing off a difficult test paper but fail to open their mouths to communicate with the others. They are the production of traditional teaching methods and exam-oriented teaching. In the long history of China, people preferred reciting . They believed that more reciting could make one master some knowledge easily. So many teachers ask their students to reciting all the knowledge they teach in class. They believe that if the students can remember all the knowledge points , they will master English easily. Its is true that many students who can recite all the knowledge points get higher marks. However, students are only the passive container of teachers teaching, They just go after their teachers. They are the same model of the same teaching method. Many students only listen to the teachers in class. Teachers are busy giving the grammar explanation, text explanation, etc. They don not have the time to let their students practice speaking in class. Because teachers should be the center of the class in their opinions. At last , students get used to the teaching method. They only close their mouths in class, and just listen and take notes. As a result of that, many students dare not to open their mouths in public. They do not have the opportunity to practice in class, so they do not have the confidence to speak in public. Students are “dumb” in public. When they grow up, they still do not have the confidence to speak in public. Its a terrible result of a certain teaching method. Actually, speaking is very important in communication. Can people communicate with each other by writing? Absolutely no . Language should be spoken out. Only by speaking can people exchange their opinions easily . Teachers should try to create chances to let students open their mouths not only in class but also after class. More practice and encouragement will make students overcome the shyness and open their mouths little by little. 4. ConclusionTeachers should find proper ways to deal with teaching. .Sometimes teachers find it hard to pull themselves out of the traditional trends. However, a teacher has to reflect on his/her teaching practice, proper encouragement will cultivate the potential power among teachers. In fact, teachers may take the best advantage of teaching contests to exchange various teaching styles and teaching methods. Chinese traditional culture is great. However it also has some out-of-date parts. An excellent teacher should have the ability to choose the useful parts and use them in their teaching. In sum , teachers should have a pair of critical eyes to the cultural influence. If so, the education in China will take on a new look and produce great appeal for the public.