高二语文配套练习 3《荀子》选读（新人教版选修《先秦诸子选读》） Word版含解析

第三单元荀子选读大天而思之,孰与物畜而制之一、夯基训练1.下列句中加点词的解释有误的一项是()A.三者错,无安国错:错误B.物之罕至者也罕:稀少,少C.上下乖离,寇难并至乖:抵触D.籴贵民饥籴:买进粮食答案:A解析:A项,错:交错产生。2.下列各句中不含通假字的一项是()A.人祅则可畏也B.怪星之党见C.其说甚尔D.无用之辩,不急之察答案:D解析:A项,祅,同“妖”。B项,党,通“傥”,偶然地;见,同“现”。C项,尔,通“迩”,近。3.下列句中加点词的分析正确的一项是()天有常道矣君子道其常天作高山彼作矣,文王康之A.相同,相同B.不同,不同C.相同,不同D.不同,相同答案:B解析:名词,规律;动词,遵行;动词,生;动词,建筑房屋。4.下列各句中加点词的古今义相同的一项是()A.地有常数矣B.本事不理C.道路有死人D.勉力不时答案:C解析:A项,古义:指经久不变的必然性。今义:指表示常量的数。B项,古义:指农事。今义:指本领。C项,古今义相同。D项,古义:力役,人民所服的劳役。今义:指努力,尽力。5.下列句中词类活用方式不同于其他三项的一项是()A.君子道其常B.雩而雨C.君人者隆礼尊贤而王D.怪之,可也答案:D解析:A项,名词作动词,遵行;B项,名词作动词,下雨;C项,名词作动词,统治。D项,形容词的意动用法,以为怪。6.下列句式类型不同于其他三项的一项是()A.礼义不修B.在天者莫明于日月C.繁启、蕃长于春夏D.在物者莫明于珠玉答案:A解析:A项是宾语前置,B、C、D三项均为状语后置。二、课内阅读7.阅读下面的文字,完成第710题。治乱天邪?曰:日月、星辰、瑞历,是禹、桀之所同也;禹以治,桀以乱,治乱非天也。时邪?曰:繁启、蕃长于春夏,畜积、收藏于秋冬,是又禹、桀之所同也;禹以治,桀以乱,治乱非时也。地邪?曰:得地则生,失地则死,是又禹、桀之所同也;禹以治,桀以乱,治乱非地也。诗曰:“天作高山,大王荒之。彼作矣,文王康之。”此之谓也。天不为人之恶寒也辍冬,地不为人之恶辽远也辍广,君子不为小人之匈匈也辍行。天有常道矣,地有常数矣,君子有常体矣。君子道其常,而小人计其功。诗曰:“礼义之不愆兮,何恤人之言兮!”此之谓也。楚王后车千乘,非知也;君子啜菽饮水,非愚也:是节然也。若夫志意修,德行厚,知虑明,生于今而志乎古,则是其在我者也。故君子敬其在己者,而不慕其在天者;小人错其在己者,而慕其在天者。君子敬其在己者,而不慕其在天者,是以日进也;小人错其在己者,而慕其在天者,是以日退也。故君子之所以日进与小人之所以日退,一也。君子小人之所以相县者,在此耳。(荀子天论)下列句中加点词的解释有误的一项是()A.繁启、蕃长于春夏蕃:茂盛B.天不为人之恶冬而辍冬辍:中途停止、废止C.礼仪之不愆兮愆:犯过错或罪过D.何恤人之言兮恤:体恤答案:D解析:D项,恤:忧虑。8.下列句中加点词的意义和用法相同的一项是()A.禹以治,桀以乱是以日进也B.是禹、桀之所同也天不为人之恶寒也辍冬C.繁启、蕃长于春夏生于今而志乎古D.而小人计其功故君子敬其在己者答案:C解析:A项,介词,凭;介词,因为。B项,句末语气词,表判断;句中语气词,表示语气的停顿,以引起下文。C项,都是介词,在。D项,人称代词,他的;指示代词,那些。9.下列句中不含通假字的一项是()A.君子不为小人之匈匈也辍行B.小人错其在己者C.君子小人之所以相县者D.君子敬其在己者答案:D解析:A项,匈匈,通“讻讻”,形容喧扰;B项,错,通“措”,废弃;C项,县,通“悬”,指有较大悬殊或差距。10.把下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(1)禹以治,桀以乱,治乱非天也。(2)君子道其常,而小人计其功。(3)楚王后车千乘,非知也。答案:(1)禹凭借这些条件使天下安定,桀凭借这些条件使天下混乱,天下安定或混乱不是由天决定的。(2)君子遵行他的常规,而小人计较他的功利。(3)楚王外出时随从的车子有千辆,不是他聪明。11.阅读下面的文字,完成第1112题。大天而思之,孰与物畜而制之!从天而颂之,孰与制天命而用之!望时而待之,孰与应时而使之!因物而多之,孰与骋能而化之!思物而物之,孰与理物而勿失之也!愿于物之所以生,孰与有物之所以成!故错人而思天,则失万物之情。(荀子天论)下列句中加点的词语解释有错误的一项是()A.大天而思之大:形容词的意动用法,认为伟大B.孰与物畜而制之制:动词,控制C.孰与应时而使之应:动词,顺应D.因物而多之多:动词,称赞答案:D解析:D项,多:形容词的使动用法,使增加。12.将下列句子翻译成现代汉语。(1)从天而颂之,孰与制天命而用之!(2)故错人而思天,则失万物之情。答案:( 1)顺从天而歌颂它,哪里比得上掌握它的规律而利用它呢!(2)所以放弃了人的努力而思慕天,就违背了万物的实情。三、延伸阅读13.阅读下面的文言文,完成第1317题。天行有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡。应之以治则吉,应之以乱则凶。强本而节用,则天不能贫;养备而动时,则天不能病;修道而不忒,则天不能祸。故水旱不能使之饥,寒暑不能使之疾,祅怪不能使之凶。本荒而用侈,则天不能使之富;养略而动罕,则天不能使之全;背道而妄行,则天不能使之吉。故水旱未至而饥,寒暑未薄而疾,祅怪未至而凶。受时与治世同,而殃祸与治世异,不可以怨天,其道然也。(荀子天论)下列句中加点的词在文中的意思解释错误的一项是()A.天行有常常:一定的规律B.强本而节用本:根本,指农业C.修道而不忒道:规律D.寒暑未薄而疾薄:程度轻答案:D解析:D项,薄:迫近。14.下列句中“则”的意义和用法与其他三项不同的一项是()A.应之以乱则凶B.德何如则可以王矣C.至则无可用,放之山下D.金就砺则利答案:C解析:C项,转折连词,可译为“却”;其他各项“则”都表示承接关系,可译为“就、便”。15.下列句子属于特殊句式的一项是()A.天行有常,不为尧存B.应之以治则吉C.强本而节用D.祅怪不能使之凶答案:B解析:B项是状语后置,其他非特殊句式。16.下列句中加点词的词类活用类型不同于其他三项的一项是()A.强本而节用,则天不能贫B.养备而动时,则天不能病C.修道而不忒,则天不能祸D.寒暑不能使之疾答案:D解析:A、B、C三项是名词的使动用法,D项则是名词用作一般动词。17.把下列句子译成现代汉语。背道而妄行,则天不能使之吉。答案:违背事物规律而胡乱行动,那么天就不能使人得到好结果。参考译文:大自然运行变化有一定的常规,不会因为尧统治天下就存在,也不会因为桀统治天下就消亡。用正确的治理措施适应大自然的规律事情就办得好;用错误的治理措施对待大自然的规律事情就会办糟。加强农业生产而又节约开支,那么天不可能使人贫穷;生活资料充足而又能适应天时变化进行生产活动,那么天也不可能使人生病;遵循规律而又不出差错,那么天也不可能使人遭祸。所以水旱灾害不可能使人受饥挨饿,寒暑变化不可能使人生病,自然界反常的现象不可能使人遭难。农业生产荒废而又开支浪费,那么天就不可能使人富裕;生活资料不足而又不勤于生产活动,那么天就不可能使人健康;违背事物规律而胡乱行动,那么天就不能使人得到好结果。所以水旱灾害没有到来就发生饥荒,严寒酷暑没有迫近就发生疫病,自然界反常现象没有出现就发生祸害。遇到的天时和太平时期相同,可是遭到的灾祸却与太平时期大不相同,这不能埋怨天,事物的规律就是这样。QcWA3PtGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGshLs50cLmTWN60eo8Wgqv7XAv2OHUm32WGeaUwYDIAWGMeR4I30kA1DkaGhn3XtKknBYCUDxqA7FHYi2CHhI92tgKQcWA3PtGZ7R4I30kA1DkaGtgKQcWA3P 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