中考指导：(英语)推断题命题特点和解题指导

中考指导：(英语)推断题命题特点和解题指导【题型特点】推断题是阅读理解部分的一项重要内容。这类题要求考生脱离字面理解的局限，透过文章的字里行间，对作者的话进行推理判断，从而获得对文章的深层理解。推理题的提问形式主要有：We can learn from this passage thatWe can conclude from the passage thatIt can be seen from the passage thatWhat is the real meaning of the doctors words?【方法指导】做这类题时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础。推理的根据来自于上下文，不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。1、事实推断：针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。做题时必须吃透相关文段的意思。2、指代推断：即确定指代词的含义，要通过上下文和其单复数形式来判断。3、逻辑推断：根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。4、对作者的意图和态度的推断：推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句，同时把握文章的体裁。推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容，尤其是最后的两三句话。【实例点拨】AOnce there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one.” The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”What can you conclude from this passage?A. the engineer asked for too much money B. the workers should pay the moneyC. the knowledge is worth money D. the new part could cost more【答案与解析】这是一个故事，通过这个故事我们可以判断出什么呢？作者没有言明，但是我们可以断定，知识是创造价值的源泉。正确答案应为C。BGood morning, ladies and gentlemen. Heres morning news. Yesterday afternoon a ten-year-old school boy swallowed a pen cap!The boy was daydreaming in class. Without knowing what he was doing, he put a pen cap into his mouth. A few minutes later, he was terrified to find that he had swallowed it! The teacher was shocked when the boy stood up and said, “Ive just swallowed a pen cap.” He was quickly sent to the nearest hospital. There a doctor examined him and said the best treatment was to give him medicine so that the pen cap could pass naturally. Three hours later the boy successfully made it.“The boy is really lucky,” said the doctor. “Its not rare that small children put things into their mouths for fun. Its very dangerous,” he added.What do the underlined words “made it” mean?A. swallowed the pen cap B. went to see the doctorC. made the pen cap pass naturally D. had the medicine 【答案与解析】这是一则新闻。需要考生进行指代猜测。根据上文，可知答案为C。