暖通 毕业设计 某科研大厦的中央空调系统的设计及通风设计

毕 业 设 计 第83页1 绪论 1.1 设计目的 毕业设计是工科大学培养学生的最后一个教学环节，是对四年所学知识的一次全面总结，是把理论知识应用于实践工程的一次很好的锻炼。在毕业设计中，除了要熟练掌握大学四年所学的理论知识外，还要熟习和掌握国家有关的建设方针政策，综合运用所学的基础理论和专业知识，联系实际来解决工程设计问题。通过毕业设计，明确设计程序，设计内容及各设计阶段的目的要求和各工种间的必要配合。1.2 设计要求：1.2.1 初步设计：学生接受设计任务后，熟习土建图纸与原始资料，查阅和收集资料，对设计对象选择多种空调方式，经过综合比较后，最后选定一种较好的方案。根据有关设计规范及概算指标，对冷热负荷进行初步估算，初步确定冷热源方式、容量、台数、机房位置和面积并确定送、排风方式。1.2.2 施工图设计1设计计算 计算室内冷、热、湿负荷； 确定设计方案。包括系统划分、空气处理过程设计、计算总冷量、总热量、总风量； 根据冷量和风量确定选用空气处理设备和制冷设备、绘出空气处理系统草图； 全年运行工况调节分析； 确定室内气流组织形式，进行气流组织计算； 进行系统风道布置及管道水力计算； 系统消声减振设计； 系统防排烟及保温设计； 对土建、水、电、动力专业的要求； 设计总结。2绘图图纸应包括首页图、空调系统布置平面图、系统图、大样图、机房布置平面图、系统图、大样图。2 设计任务及依据2.1 工程概况 本设计对象为长沙市某科研大厦，大厦主要有：办公室，会议室，多功能厅等。其中地下一层地上八层，预计将机房布置于地下层。工程位于长沙市，东经11304，北纬2812，海拔44.9 m。总空调面积为5625m2。本工程空调设计的任务包括本大厦的中央空调系统的设计及通风设计。本中央空调系统设计要求能够实现夏季供冷和冬季供热，并能满足人体的舒适性要求。 2.2 设计依据2.2.1 长沙市室外空调设计参数台站位置：北纬2812， 东经11304， 海拔44.9 m气象参数为：夏季：大气压：99.94 kpa 室外日平均温度：32.0 室外计算日温差：7.3室外干球温度：35.8 室外湿球温度：27.7 室外平均风速：2.6m/s冬季：大气压：101.99 kpa 采暖计算温度：0 空调计算温度：-3 相对湿度：81% 室外平均风速：3.7m/s2.2.1 室内空调主要设计参数表2.1 室内设计参数 房间名称温 度（波动范围2）相对湿度%（波动范围10%）新风量m3/(h人)夏季冬季夏季冬季办公室2618604030董事长办公室2618604050财务室2618604030会议室2618604020洽谈室2618604020管理室2618604030接待室2618604020挡案室2618604030实验室2618604014休息室2618604020等待门卫室2618604030茶水室2618604020展厅2618604015大堂2618604020传真机要室2618604030消防控制室2618604030储藏室2618604020设备室2618604020样品存放室2618604015多功能厅2618604020 3 负荷计算表3.1 维护结构参数序号围护名称类型传热系数(w/.)传热衰减传热延迟(h)夏季冬季01外墙砖墙15-240-40.900.910.1712.4402外窗单框双玻璃窗2.712.781.000.3803内墙砖墙0010011.761.760.408.4904内门木框夹板门2.172.170.990.8405楼板楼面-261.071.070.1511.5706屋面现浇08-2-70-20.920.930.407.963.1冷负荷计算3.1.1外墙和屋面瞬变传热引起的冷负荷Qc()=AK(tc()+td)kk-tR 式中 Qc() 外墙和屋面瞬变传热引起的逐时冷负荷，W； A 外墙和屋面的面积，m2； K 外墙和屋面的传热系数，W/(m2 )，由暖通空调附录2-2和附录2-3查取； tR 室内计算温度，； tc() 外墙和屋面冷负荷计算温度的逐时值，由暖通空调附录2-4和附录2-5查取； td 地点修正值，由暖通空调附录2-6查取； k 吸收系数修正值，取k=1.0； k 外表面换热系数修正值，取k=0.9；3.1.2内围护结构冷负荷 Qc()=AiKi(to.m+t-tR) 式中 ki 内围护结构传热系数，W/(m2 )； Ai 内围护结构的面积，m2；to.m 夏季空调室外计算日平均温度，；t 附加温升，可按暖通空调表2-10查取。3.1.3外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷Qc() = cw Kw Aw ( tc() + td tR) 式中 Qc() 外玻璃窗瞬变传热引起的冷负荷，W； Kw 外玻璃窗传热系数，W/(m2 )，由暖通空调附录2-7和附录2-8查得； Aw 窗口面积，m2； tc() 外玻璃窗的冷负荷温度的逐时值，由暖通空调附录2-10查得； cw 玻璃窗传热系数的修正值；由暖通空调附录2-9查得； td 地点修正值，由暖通空调附录2-11查得；3.1.4透过玻璃窗的日射得热引起的冷负荷Qc() = C Aw Cs Ci Djmax CLQ 式中 C 有效面积系数，由暖通空调附录2-15查得；Aw 窗口面积，m2；Cs 窗玻璃的遮阳系数，由暖通空调附录2-13查得；Ci 窗内遮阳设施的遮阳系数，由暖通空调附录2-14查得；Djmax 日射得热因数，由暖通空调附录2-12查得；CLQ 窗玻璃冷负荷系数，无因次，由暖通空调附录2-16至附录2-19查得；3.1.5照明散热形成的冷负荷白炽灯 Qc() = 1000 N CLQ 日光灯 Qc() = 1000 n1 n2 N CLQ 式中 N 照明灯具所需功率，W； n1镇流器消耗功率稀疏，明装时，n1=1.2，暗装时，n1=1.0； n2灯罩隔热系数，灯罩有通风孔时，n2=0.50.6；无通风孔时，n2=0.60.8； CLQ照明散热冷负荷系数，由暖通空调附录2-22查得。3.1.6人体散热形成的冷负荷1、人体显热散热形成的冷负荷Qc() = qs n CLQ 式中 qs 不同室温和劳动性质成年男子显热散热量，W，由暖通空调表2-13查得； n 室内全部人数； 群集系数，由暖通空调表2-12查得；CLQ 人体显热散热冷负荷系数，由暖通空调附录2-23查得；2、人体潜热散热引起的冷负荷 Qc() = ql n 式中 ql 不同室温和劳动性质成年男子潜热散热量，W，由暖通空调表2-13查得；n，同式3-6-1。3.2人体散湿负荷人体散湿量可按下式计算 D = 0.001n g式中 D 散湿量，/ h ； 群集系数，由暖通空调表2-12查得为0.80； n 计算时刻空调房间内的总人数； g 一名成年男子的小时散湿量，由暖通空调表2-13查得。下面选择1001管理室、2007洽谈室、3004风道实验室进行计算，本设计的负荷将用软件算出。3.3计算结果1001管理室墙 （A=83.76=30.1 m2）西北外墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()32.73231.531.231.131.231.431.932.533.3k =1.0 k=1.0 K =0.9 W/(m2 ) td=2.4 tR=26A3.764.5-1.32.9=13.15 m2tc()35.134.433.933.633.533.633.834.334.935.7t9.18.47.97.67.57.67.88.38.99.7Qc()107.799.493.589.988.889.992.398.2105.3114.8西北外窗瞬时传热冷负荷(双玻璃窗,浅蓝布帘)时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 K =2.71 W/(m2 ) td=3 tR=26A1.32.9=3.77 m2tc()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6Qc()50.161.370.579.786.890.994.094.071.587.9西北外窗日射得热冷负荷时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00C=0.85 Cs=0.74 Ci=0.60 Dj max=415 W/m2A1.32.9=3.77 m2CLQ0.210.240.260.270.340.540.710.840.770.46Qc()124.0141.7153.5159.4200.8318.8419.2496.0454.7271.6西南外墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()36.636.135.735.234.934.634.434.334.434.7k =1.0 k=1.0 K =0.9 W/(m2 ) td=1.0 tR=26A84.5=36 m2tc()37.637.136.736.235.935.635.435.335.435.7t11.611.110.710.29.99.69.49.39.49.7Qc()375.8359.6346.7330.5320.8311.0304.6301.3304.6314.3东北内墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232K =1.76W/(m2 ) t=0 tR=26A84.5=36 m2t6666666666Qc()380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2楼板时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232K =1.07W/(m2 ) t=0 tR=26A3.768=30.08 m2t6666666666Qc()193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1照明散热形成的冷负荷开灯时间 10小时（8：0018：00）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00CLQ0.90.910.930.930.940.950.950.950.960.96n1=1.0 n2=0.8N330 wQc()237.6240.24245.5245.5248.2250.8250.8250.8253.4253.4人员散热形成的冷负荷人在室内时间 10小时（8：0018：00）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00CLQ0.530.620.690.740.770.80.830.850.870.89qs=60.5W n=3 人 =0.8Qc()76.95690.024100.188107.448111.804116.16120.516123.42126.324129.228ql73.3Qc175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9175.9合计252.9265.9276.1283.4287.7292.1296.4299.3302.2305.11001各分项逐时冷负荷汇总表时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00西北外墙负荷107.799.493.589.988.889.992.398.2105.3114.8西北外窗传热负荷50.161.370.579.786.890.9949471.587.9西北外窗日射负荷124141.7153.5159.4200.8318.8419.2496454.7271.6西南外墙负荷375.8359.6346.7330.5320.8311304.6301.3304.6314.3东北内墙负荷380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2380.2楼板负荷193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1193.1照明负荷237.6240.24245.5245.5248.2250.8250.8250.8253.4253.4人员负荷252.9265.9276.1283.4287.7292.1296.4299.3302.2305.1合计1721.41741.441759.11761.71806.41926.82030.62112.92065.01920.42007洽谈室（A=19.7610.76=212.6 m2）东北外墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()33.933.633.533.533.733.934.334.634.935.2k =1.0 k=1.0 K =0.9 W/(m2 ) td=3.0 tR=26A10.763.9-21.82.3=33.68m2tc()36.936.636.536.536.736.937.337.637.938.2t10.910.610.510.510.710.911.311.611.912.2Qc()330.4321.3318.3318.3324.3330.4342.5351.6360.7369.8东北外窗瞬时传热冷负荷(2个外窗，双玻璃窗,浅蓝布帘）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 K =2.71 W/(m2 ) td=3 tR=26A1.82.3=4.14m2tc()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6Qc()55.067.377.487.595.499.9103.2103.278.596.52Qc()110.0134.6154.8175.0190.7199.7206.4206.4157.1193.0东北外窗日射得热冷负荷时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00C=0.85 Cs=0.74 Ci=0.60 Djmax=415 W/m2A1.82.3=4.14m2CLQ0.760.560.380.310.30.280.250.210.170.11Qc()499.5368.0249.7203.7197.2184.0164.3138.0111.772.32Qc()998.9736.0499.5407.4394.3368.0328.6276.0223.4144.6东南外墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()35.334.934.634.534.634.835.235.736.236.7k =1.0 k=1.0 K =0.9 W/(m2 ) td=1.3 tR=26A19.763.9-1.32.2-41.83.2=51.16m2tc()36.636.235.935.835.936.136.537.037.538.0t10.610.29.99.89.910.110.511.011.512.0Qc()488.1469.6455.8451.2455.8465.0483.5506.5529.5552.5东南外窗瞬时传热冷负荷(双玻璃窗,浅蓝布帘）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 K =2.71 W/(m2 ) td=3 tR=26A1.32.2=2.86m2tc()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6Qc()38.046.553.560.565.969.071.371.354.366.7东南外窗日射得热冷负荷时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00C=0.85 Cs=0.74 Ci=0.60 Djmax=374 W/m2A1.32.2=2.86m2CLQ0.830.750.520.40.390.360.330.270.20.13Qc()335.1302.8209.9161.5157.4145.3133.2109.080.752.5东南外窗瞬时传热冷负荷（4个外窗，双玻璃窗,浅蓝布帘）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 K =2.71 W/(m2 ) td=3 tR=26A1.83.2=5.76m2tc()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6Qc()76.593.7107.7121.8132.7138.9143.6143.6109.3134.24Qc()306374.8430.8487.2530.8555.6574.4574.4437.2536.8东南外窗日射得热冷负荷时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00C=0.85 Cs=0.74 Ci=0.60 Djmax=374W/m2A1.83.2=5.76m2CLQ0.830.750.520.40.390.360.330.270.20.13Qc()674.8609.8422.8325.2317.1292.7268.3219.5162.6105.74Qc()2699.22439.01691.11300.81268.31170.71073.2878.1650.4422.8西南内墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232K =1.76W/(m2 ) t=0 tR=26A10.763.9=41.96 m2t6666666666Qc()443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1西北内墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232K =1.76W/(m2 ) t=0 tR=26A19.763.9=77.06 m2t6666666666Qc()813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8屋面时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m33.132.733.034.035.838.140.743.546.148.3cw=1.0 K =0.92W/(m2 ) td=2.2 tR=26A81.00 m2tc()35.334.935.236.23840.342.945.748.350.5t9.38.99.210.21214.316.919.722.324.5Qc()693.0663.2685.6760.1894.21065.61259.41468.01661.81825.7照明散热形成的冷负荷开灯时间 10小时（8：0018：00）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00CLQ0.90.910.930.930.940.950.950.950.960.96n1=1.0 n2=0.8N2339 wQc()1684.11702.81740.21740.21758.91777.61777.61777.61796.41796.4人员散热形成的冷负荷人在室内时间 10小时（8：0018：00）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00CLQ0.530.620.690.740.770.80.830.850.870.89qs=60.5W n=85 人 =0.8Qc()2180.42550.72838.73044.43167.83291.23414.63496.93579.23661.5ql73.3Qc4984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.4合计7164.87535.17823.18028.88152.28275.68399.08481.38563.68645.92007洽谈室各分项逐时冷负荷汇总表时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00东北外墙负荷330.4321.3318.3318.3324.3330.4342.5351.6360.7369.8东北外窗传热负荷110134.6154.8175190.7199.7206.4206.4157.1193东北外窗日射负荷998.9736499.5407.4394.3368328.6276223.4144.6东南外墙负荷488.1469.6455.8451.2455.8465483.5506.5529.5552.5东南外窗传热负荷344421.3484.3547.7596.7624.6645.7645.7491.5603.5东南外窗日射负荷3034.327421901.11462.31425.81316.11206.4987731.1475.3西南内墙负荷443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1443.1西北内墙负荷813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8813.8屋面负荷693663.2685.6760.1894.21065.61259.414681661.81825.7照明负荷1684.11702.81740.21740.21758.91777.61777.61777.61796.41796.4人员负荷7164.87535.17823.18028.88152.28275.683998481.38563.68645.9合计16104.515982.815319.615147.915449.815679.515906159571577215863.63004风道实验室（A=56.1 m2）东北外墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()33.933.633.533.533.733.934.334.634.935.2k =1.0 k=1.0 K =0.9 W/(m2 ) td=3.0 tR=26A8.263.4-6.761.8-1.51.5=13.67m2tc()36.936.636.536.536.736.937.337.637.938.2t10.910.610.510.510.710.911.311.611.912.2Qc()134.1130.4129.2129.2131.6134.1139.0142.7146.4150.1东北外窗瞬时传热冷负荷（双玻璃窗,浅蓝布帘）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 K =2.71 W/(m2 ) td=3 tR=26A6.761.8=12.17m2tc()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6Qc()161.6197.9227.6257.2280.3293.5303.4303.4230.9283.6东北外窗日射得热冷负荷时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00C=0.85 Cs=0.74 Ci=0.60 Djmax=415 W/m2A6.761.8=12.17m2CLQ0.760.560.380.310.30.280.250.210.170.11Qc()1448.61067.4724.3590.9571.8533.7476.5400.3324.0209.7东北外窗瞬时传热冷负荷（双玻璃窗,浅蓝布帘）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 K =2.71 W/(m2 ) td=3 tR=26A1.51.5=2.25m2tc()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6Qc()29.936.642.147.651.854.356.156.142.752.4东北外窗日射得热冷负荷时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00C=0.85 Cs=0.74 Ci=0.60 Djmax=415 W/m2A1.51.5=2.25m2CLQ0.760.560.380.310.30.280.250.210.170.11Qc()267.8197.3133.9109.2105.798.788.174.059.938.8东南外墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()35.334.934.634.534.634.835.235.736.236.7k =1.0 k=1.0 K =0.9 W/(m2 ) td=1.3 tR=26A7.763.4-3.761.5=20.74m2tc()36.636.235.935.835.936.136.537.037.538.0t10.610.29.99.89.910.110.511.011.512.0Qc()197.9190.4184.8182.9184.8188.5196.0205.3214.7224.0东南外窗瞬时传热冷负荷（双玻璃窗,浅蓝布帘）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00tc()27.92929.930.831.531.932.232.23031.6cw=1.0 K =2.71 W/(m2 ) td=3 tR=26A3.761.5=5.64m2tc()30.93232.933.834.534.935.235.23334.6t4.966.97.88.58.99.29.278.6Qc()74.991.7105.5119.2129.9136.0140.6140.6107.0131.4东南外窗日射得热冷负荷时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00C=0.85 Cs=0.74 Ci=0.60 Djmax=374 W/m2A1.32.2=2.86m2CLQ0.830.750.520.40.390.360.330.270.20.13Qc()660.7597.1414.0318.4310.5286.6262.7214.9159.2103.5西北内墙冷负荷（型墙）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00to.m32323232323232323232K =1.76W/(m2 ) t=0 tR=26A7.763.4=26.38 m2t6666666666Qc()278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6照明散热形成的冷负荷开灯时间 10小时（8：0018：00）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00CLQ0.90.910.930.930.940.950.950.950.960.96n1=1.0 n2=0.8N639wQc()460.1465.2475.4475.4480.5485.6485.6485.6490.8490.8人员散热形成的冷负荷人在室内时间 10小时（8：0018：00）时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00CLQ0.530.620.690.740.770.80.830.850.870.89qs=60.5W n=6 人 =0.8Qc()153.9180.0200.4214.9223.6232.3241.0246.8252.6258.5ql73.3Qc4984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.44984.4合计351.8351.8351.8351.8351.8351.8351.8351.8351.8351.83004风道实验室各分项逐时冷负荷汇总表时间9:0010:0011:0012:0013:0014:0015:0016:0017:0018:00东北外墙负荷134.1130.4129.2129.2131.6134.1139.0142.7146.4150.1东北外窗传热负荷191.5234.5269.7304.8332.1347.8359.5359.5273.6336.0东北外窗日射负荷1716.41264.7858.2700.1677.5632.4564.6474.3383.9248.5东南外墙负荷197.9190.4184.8182.9184.8188.5196.0205.3214.7224.0东南外窗传热负荷74.991.7105.5119.2129.9136.0140.6140.6107.0131.4东南外窗日射负荷660.7597.1414.0318.4310.5286.6262.7214.9159.2103.5西北内墙负荷278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6278.6照明负荷460.1465.2475.4475.4480.5485.6485.6485.6490.8490.8人员负荷153.9180.0200.4214.9223.6232.3241.0246.8252.6258.5合计3868.13432.62915.82723.52749.12721.92667.62548.32306.82221.4本设计冷、热、湿负荷由鸿业按逐时计算，其结果汇入下表：3.4大厦冷、湿负荷汇总 表3.2 大厦冷、湿负荷汇总 单位：W（热）、kg/h（湿）房间编号房间名称房间面积房间人数人均新风量新风量新风负荷室内负荷总负荷新风湿负荷湿负荷(不含新风)1001管理室30.0833090787235931460.550.421002管理室38.084301201050254435940.730.571003管理室62.086301801575451360881.100.851004消防控制室30.0833090787244032270.550.421005接待室315.58126.220252433134251895832315.3715.391006展厅315.58157.815236720709271594786814.4117.681007大堂208.561020200131213942152541.221.261008展厅128.4864.215964843111488199195.877.202001管理室30.0833090787239931860.550.422002管理室38.084301201050225433040.730.572003管理室62.086301801575395355281.100.852004管理室62.08