2019-2020年高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题09 非谓语动词.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题09 非谓语动词【考点定位】 xx考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考研究非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。预测今后高考非谓语动词将是考点中最重要的。【考点pk】 名师考点透析非谓语动词有三种；动词不定式、动词的一ing形式和的一ed形式非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和变化，但有语态和时态的变化。因此高考备考时，对非谓语要有充分的认识和归纳，现在分词表示动作“主动和进行”，分词表示“被动和完成”，而不定式则含有“将来”的意义时，头脑要冷静。一方面要认真分析句子结构，确定所填动句子中作谓语还是非谓语，如果作非滑语，还要确定动词与主语的逻辑关系以及该动作与谓语动词的动作发生时问自后；同时要注意标点符号特别是逗号的作用。考点一、分词与动词不定式作状语的区别【例题1】Bradon worked for hours after school money for his educationAmaking Bto make Cmade Dhaving made【例题2】One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Toms， their high school reunion the year beforeAtalking about Bto talk about Ctalked about Dhaving talked about考点二、现在分词与过去分词的区别【例题3】When I caught him me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shopAcheated Bcheating Cto cheat Dto have cheated【解题指导】现在分词与过去分词的一个重要区别就是：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。在解答相关题目时，应从以下方面分析：分词作定语时，分析被修饰词同非谓语动词的关系；作宾补主补时，分析宾语主语同宾补主补的关系；作状语时，分析句子主语同非谓语动词的关系。从以上几个方面来判断是用现在分词还是过去分词。【解析】B。依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。考点三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别【例题4】The old women spoke to the girl again，raising her voice a bit，but still no answerAreceired Breceiring Chad received Dto receive【例题5】Tom stood there， what he could do for the poor man sitting beside himAwondered Bto wonder Chaving wondered Dwondering【解题指导】注意掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别。【解析】D。句意：汤姆站在那里，心里想着能为站在他身边的那个可怜的人做些什么。显然，“心里想着”是伴随动作，伴随着“站”，因此用分词作伴随状语。又因句子主语与动作”心里想着”是主谓关系，故用现在分词，答案为D。考点四、三种表示被动意义的非谓语形式：to be done，done。being done的区别近三年高考中有一些地区考查了to be done，done，being done的区别，这一考点应引起考生的重视。【例题6】the NO.5 subway line， in October，xx，has greatly improved the traffic conditions in BeijingAopened Bwas opened Cbeing opened Dto be opened【三年高考】 10 、11、12高考试题及其解析xx高考英语试题1.(xx四川卷) 6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Tom坐出租车去机场，不料飞机已起飞了。此处用动词不定式表示一种出乎意料的结果。2.(xx四川卷) 8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C项。3.(xx四川卷) 12. . Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash5.(xx浙江卷) 11.“ Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customers.A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语，意为：桌子被预定给顾客的。6.(xx课标卷)28.The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit7.(xx课标卷卷)32.Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music andpainting.A. having pared to B. paring toC. pare to D. pared to【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：电影的历史要短得多，尤其是同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式比较的时候。当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时通常省略从句中的主语和be动词，后半句的完整形式是especially when it is pared to such art foms as music and painting。film与pare之间是动宾关系。【易错点拨】做本题时考生潜意识里容易认为逻辑主语是暗含的you而误选B项其实，主语是Film。8.(xx大纲卷)10.Tony lent me the money, _that I d do as much for him .A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped10.(xx北京卷)23One learns a knowledge by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting【答案】D【解析】考察句式结构。考查考生对于and连接的成分分析。在and周围出现的动词形式分别对应A、D两个选项。选择A项应为主语发出的连续动作，但是them所指与a knowledge相悖无法还原，应为指代mistakes，故其前动词形式应与mistakes前得动词形式一直，即doing。句意：人通过犯错和改错学习知识。11.(xx北京卷)27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use13.(xx上海卷)27.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed into the sports club.A. going B. to go C. go D. gone【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth. be allowed to do sth. allow doing sth.句意：杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。14.(xx上海卷)33.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of .【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。have trouble(in)doing的结构。句意：大庭广众之下讲话，皮特总是要想想该说的事。15.(xx上海卷)36.The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。founded=which was founded。句意：建于25年前的这家俱乐部正在为新老会员举行晚会。16.(xx上海卷)39."Genius" is a plicated concept, _ _ many different factors.A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved18.(xx重庆卷)28.Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our pany.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made20.(xx安徽卷)30.When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interestingand rewarding.A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词 ask 和主语 Philip 之间是被动关系，而且此动作已经完成， 所以选 B 项 asked。When asked=When he was asked。句意：当被问到对教学这个工作怎么看待时，菲利普说他觉得这项工作又有趣又值得。21.(xx福建卷) 28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语境，中国最近加强了黄岩岛附近水域的控制以防止中国渔船在中国南海被袭。preventfrom后接动名词且在此须使用被动语态。此处不用完成时。22.(xx福建卷) 34 Pressed from his parents，and _that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realize D. being realized23.(xx湖南卷) 21.Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do24.(xx湖南卷)23.Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语作状语相当于一个条件状语从句:if it (time) is used correctly。use和它的逻辑主语即句子的主语time的关系是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动意义。句意：如果使用得当，时间就是存在银行里的钱。25.(xx湖南卷) 31. The lecture, _at 7:00 pm laze night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：会议在昨天晚上七点开始，会后有进行了用天文望远镜观测月亮的活动。start一词在此既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，因此此处不必分析主被动逻辑关系；此处主要考查的是时态观念，不定式含有的将来含义并线不符合语境，先可排除C、D；start又为短暂动词不可用过于“进行”含义，而being started“正在被开始”强调进行含义，不妥，排除B；A项starting虽为现在分词形式，在此并无进行含义，可视为which started从句省略而来。26.(xx江苏卷)31. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base27.(xx江西卷)33.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spoken【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里注意invite的动词用法：invite sb. to do sth.,其被动式sb. be invited to do sth.虽然受到了邀请，但是讲话还没有发生，故用动词不定式一般式表示将来。句意：完成了她的工程后，她受那所学校之邀对新生讲话。28.(xx江西卷) 35John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.AofferedBofferingCto offerDto be offered29.(xx辽宁卷)25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following。句意：这对老年夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟在后面。30.(xx辽宁卷)29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。在 “主语 + be + adj + to do”结构中，动词不定式to do用主动表被动，所以选D。句意：这台机器很容易操作，任何人都能在几分钟之内学会使用。31.(xx山东卷)26. 26. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told32.(xx山东卷)35. After pleting and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。 句意：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。33.(xx陕西卷)15._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Standxx高考英语试题1.(xx全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。2.(xx全国卷II,15) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。3.(xx全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying5.（xx北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。6.（xx天津卷,7）Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried8.（xx上海春招,34）Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, _ newly cleaned and polished.A. lookedB. to lookC. lookingD. to be looking【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。”A项looked是谓语形式，但句中没有连词；B项不定式to look和D项to be looking如果都表结果，那只能由Mike执行这个动作，与题意不符；C项looking表明车子的特性，作伴随状语，故选C。9.（xx上海春招,36）_ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. OpenedB. Having openedC. OpeningD. Being opened【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“很多人认为1955年开业的加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园非常有趣。”open开业，与Disneyland之间存在着被动关系；D项Being opened表正在进行，但开业的事实已经发生，故选A。10.（xx上海春招,40）Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars _ as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working12.（xx江苏卷,31）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Apared Bparing Cpares Dbeing pared13.（xx福建卷,23）Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系，to be founded不定式表将来。founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，故选C。14.（xx福建卷,27）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more fortable .A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“iPad 2与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同，拿在手里很舒服。”在用easy, difficult, hard, fortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。hold与前面的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系，故用主动式。因此，选D。15.（xx安徽卷, 30）Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Tom问糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。”在用easy, difficult, hard, fortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。to break与the chocolate存在着动宾关系，故用主动式的不定式，选D。16.(xx浙江卷,3) Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some _a life span of around 20 years.A.having B had C. have D. to have18.(xx浙江卷,19) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city_by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheered B. be cheeresd C. to be cheered D. were cheered【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。”A项being cheered正在进行；B项be cheeresd是谓语原形；D项were cheered也是谓语，但句中已有谓语are going to；C项to be cheered表示将来，同时也表示被动。根据语境，选C。19.（xx四川卷,2）Ladex doest feel like abroad. Her parents are old.A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Ladex不愿意去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。”feel like doing sth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。20.（xx四川卷,11）Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep21.（xx四川卷,16） an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to bee famous.A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，这就有了成名的机会。”offer sb. sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系，故选C。22.（xx重庆卷,29）More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“据政府官员说，为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。”raising表示伴随；to have raised表示动作已发生；having raised表示动作先发生；to raise表示目的状语，事情还没有发生，是前面“将制作更多的电视节目”的目的，因此，选A。23.（xx重庆卷,33）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind25.（xx陕西卷,20） More highways have been built in China,_it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点。”空格后面是it，说明是主动关系，排除B；不能选择C的原因是to do做目的状语，不符合句意；答案选择A，表示结果。26.（xx湖南卷,21）The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed27.（xx湖南卷,23）The players _from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A selecting B to selece C selected D having selected【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词做定语的用法。句意为“人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。”select修饰players, 为被动关系，只有C选项表被动。故选C。28.（xx湖南卷,29）Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day?A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？”wake up作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel。to feel表将来，与wake up组成一先一后的动作关系，felt 作为过去分词表被动，与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选C，feeling作伴随状语。29.(xx辽宁卷,30) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering31.(xx辽宁卷,23) Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast.A. what B. who C. how D. why【答案】C【解析】考查疑问副词 + to do的用法。句意为“有二十名学生想听旨在提高阅读速度的课程。”fast提示了方式，how + to read fast等同于名词，作teach的宾语。故选C。xx高考英语试题1.(xx高考英语上海秋季卷,40)Thai is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce3.(xx高考英语上海秋季卷,33) Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。keep+sb. /sth. +done,根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A.4.(xx高考英语重庆卷,34)Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired6.(xx高考英语浙江卷,20)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing【答案】D【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule；谓语动词：says；宾语从句：young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat。宾语从句中的主干为：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。逻辑主语young children与weigh之间构成主谓关系，应该用weigh的现在分词形式weighing，相当于“young children who weigh less than 40 pounds”，答案选D项。7.(xx高考英语浙江卷,8)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. Abeing carried out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out 9.(xx高考英语四川卷,17)The lawyer listened with full attention，_ to miss any pointAnot trying Btrying notCto try not Dnot to try【答案】B【解析】考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式的否定式。句中listen和try not to miss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。10.(xx高考英语四川卷,11)In many peoples opinion，that pany，though relatively small，is pleasant _ Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with12.(xx高考英语上海春季卷,39)The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not _ specific qualifications.Arequiring Bto be required Cbeing required Dto have required【答案】A【解析】非谓语动词。此处require的逻辑主语是jobs，它们之间构成主谓关系，因此应该用：require的现在分词形式requiring，因此选A项。13.(xx高考英语上海春季卷,35) _ as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.ATo accept BHaving accepted CTo be accepted DAccepting14.(xx高考英语上海春季卷,34) _ by the growing interest in nature, more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.AInfluenced BInfluencingCHaving influencedDTo be influenced【答案】A【解析】非谓语动词。非谓语动词的解题关键是找准其逻辑主语。在本题中，influence的逻辑主语是more and morepeople，它们之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。D项表示将来，不符合语意。所以这里选A项。15.(xx高考英语上海春季卷,31) _ well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.ADo BDoing CDone DBeing done【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词。句子缺少主语，所以此处用动名词作主语，即Doing well in an inter"view是句子的主语，其他选项都不能充当主语，所以这里选B项。16.(xx高考英语陕西卷,19)His first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published【答案】B。【解析】考查非谓语动词。下个月要出版的他的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为基础的。此处表示将来，是被出版，要用不定式的被动式作定语。17.(xx高考英语陕西卷,16) _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see19.(xx高考英语山东卷,23)I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. pleting B. to plete C. pleted D. being pleted【答案】 B【解析】考查非谓语动词的使用。句意应为“这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。”由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。AD现在分词，现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作；C项是过去分词，过去分词做定语表示完成，因此，ACD均不符合语境。20.(xx高考英语辽宁卷,35)Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 22.(xx高考英语江西卷,32)There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很多有天赋的演员在那里，就是为了等着被人发现。discover与many talented actors之间是动宾关系，且强调将来，故用不定式的被动语态。23.(xx高考英语江西卷,24)The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains.A keep B kept C keeping D to keep【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女士在商场转悠着，留意着里面的减价商品。现在分词短语keeping an eye out for(留意，注意)作伴随状语。24.(xx高考英语江苏卷,28)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the ea rthquake in Yushu ,_ _the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled26.(xx高考英语湖南卷,26)Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle【答案】 C【解析】考察非谓语动词。该空分词短语作时间作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与strggle为主动关系，故排除B，由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。27.(xx高考英语湖南卷,21)Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help?A. calling