风尚大学实用英语综合教程.ppt

BackgroundKnowledgeReadingSkillsTextUnderstandingFocusonLanguage,Oedipus,BackgroundKnowledge,1,1,BackgroundKnowledge,Oedipus,OedipusisthesonofKingLaiusandQueenJocastaofThebes.Becauseoftheoraclethathewouldkillhisfatherandmarryhismother,hewasleftonahillside,butwasrescuedandbroughtupasthesonofkingofCorinth.Hearingtheoracle,OedipusleftCorinth.WhiletravelinghemetandkilledLaius,withoutrecognizinghim.,1,BackgroundKnowledge,1,Oedipus,AfterriddingThebesoftheSphinx,hemarriedJocastaandbecameking,unwillinglyfulfillingtheoracle.Laterrealizingthetruthofhisbirth,hestabbedouthiseyesandwentintoexilewithhisdaughterAntigoneasguide.HisstorywasusedbySophoclesin“OedipusRex”and“OedipusatColonus”.,1,BackgroundKnowledge,1,Whenweread,itisalmostcertainthatwewillcomeacrossnewwords.Shallweconsultthedictionaryeverytime?Notnecessarily.Infact,therearemanywaystofindoutthemeaningsofnewwords.Youmaystartfromwordformation.Thatistosay,youmaytakethebasicpartoftheword,andgetitsmeaningfromtheprefix,suffix,orthepartsthatcombinetoformthewords.,FindingouttheMeaningofWords,ReadingSkills,1,1,Anotherwayistomakeuseofthecluesgivenbythecontext.Inotherwords,thetextitselfmayexplainthemeaningofacertainwordbyusingexpressionssimilarinmeaningoroppositeinmeaning.Thetextmayalsousesimplerwordstodefineitortogiveexamplestoillustratethepoint.,FindingouttheMeaningofWords,ReadingSkills,1,1,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.1)Ihaveheardthisquestion:fromanEnglishmajor,fromastrangeronthestreet,fromadarkshadowbesidemeoneeveningatanEnglishcorner.(Para.1)Theword“shadow”means_.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,1,thedarkimagecast,byanobject影子,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.2)Ihateitbecauseitseemscompletelyreasonablebutisactuallyatrap.(Para.3)Theword“completely”means_.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,1,totally完全地,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.3)Whatevertheyarereallyaskingfor,itfeelsliketheyreaskingforaquicksolutionthatwillfixalltheirmistakesandexpandtheirvocabularyineasysteps.(Para.6)Theword“solution”means_.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,1,awaytosolve,aproblemordealwithsomethingdifficult解决办法,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.4)Keepyourplansflexible.Knowyourweaknessesandstrongpoints;makeyourschemematchthelanguageyouarestudying(Para.11)Theword“scheme”means_.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,1,asystematicplanofaction计划，策略,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.5)Finally,Itrytowarnmystudentsagainstdiscouragement.(Para.12)Theword“discouragement”means_.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,1,whenyounolongerfeelconfidentorwillingtodosomething气馁,1.fromanEnglishmajor,fromastrangeronthestreet,fromabravesoulstandinginthemiddleofalargelecturehall,fromadarkshadowbesidemeoneeveningatanEnglishcorner.(Para.1)Here,fourprepositionalphrasesintroducedby“from”createastructureofparallelism.Ingrammar,parallelismisabalanceoftwoormoresimilarwords,phrases,orclauses.Theapplicationofparallelisminsentenceconstructionimproveswritingstyleandreadability.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,1.fromanEnglishmajor,fromastrangeronthestreet,fromabravesoulstandinginthemiddleofalargelecturehall,fromadarkshadowbesidemeoneeveningatanEnglishcorner.(Para.1)Parallelismisalsooneofthemostusefulandflexiblerhetoricaldevices.Itreferstoanystructurewhichbringstogetherparallelelements,bethesenouns,adjectives,verbs,adverbs,orlargerstructures.Donewell,parallelismimpartsgraceandpowertopassage.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,1.fromanEnglishmajor,fromastrangeronthestreet,fromabravesoulstandinginthemiddleofalargelecturehall,fromadarkshadowbesidemeoneeveningatanEnglishcorner.(Para.1)e.g.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.怀着这个信念，我们就将能够一同工作，一同祈祷，一同斗争，一同入狱，一同争取自由，因为我们知道，终有一天我们将获得自由。,1,FocusonLanguage,1,2.Oedipus(Para.3)AfigureinGreekmythology,(here)standsforthepersonwhoisgoodatsolvingriddlesorproblems.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,3.Oh,Ihaveanswers,butIdonthavetheanswer,nottheanswerIthinktheyrelookingfor.(Para.5)IhaveanswersasforhowyoucanimproveyouEnglish,butIdonthavetheanswerthatsomeChineseEnglishlearnerslookedfor.TheyarenotlookingfortheanswersIcangive;asamatteroffact,theyarelookingforashortcutorgoldentouchinEnglishstudy.Ofcourse,thereisnosuchthinginlanguagelearning.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,4.Thetruthistheresonlyoneeasywaytolearnalanguage:(Para.6)“theresonlyoneeasywaytolearnalanguage”isapredictiveclause,inwhichrelativepronoun“that”hasbeenomitted.e.g.Hissuggestionisthatyouseekprofessionalhelp.他建议你寻求专业人士的帮助。Translation这就是我们所说的“双重标准”。Thisiswhatwecall“doublestandard”.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,5.duringwhichchildrendontlearnalanguage,butrathercatchitlikeadisease.(Para.6)Theauthorcompareslearningalanguagetocatchingadisease.Thisisasimile.Simileisafigureofspeech,inwhichonethingislikenedtoanother,insuchawayastoclarifyandenhanceanimage.Itisexplicitcomparison(asopposedtothemetaphorwherecomparisonisimplicit)recognizablebytheuseofwords“like”or“as”.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,5.duringwhichchildrendontlearnalanguage,butrathercatchitlikeadisease.(Para.6)Theauthorcompareslearningalanguagetocatchingadisease.Thisisasimile.e.g.Thechequeflutteredtothefloorlikeabirdwithabrokenwing.支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟飘落在地板上。Translation择书如择友。Chooseanauthorasyouchooseafriend.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,6.Isuspectmostpeoplewhoaskmethatquestion“howcanIimprovemyEnglish?”alreadyknowallthis.(Para.7)suspect:v.tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrue,especiallysomethingbad怀疑（是真的）e.g.Isuspectedthattherewassomethingwrongwiththeengine.我怀疑引发动机出了毛病。Translation她强烈怀疑他在对她说谎。Shestronglysuspectedhewaslyingtoher.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,6.Isuspectmostpeoplewhoaskmethatquestion“howcanIimprovemyEnglish?”alreadyknowallthis.(Para.7)suspect:v.tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrue,especiallysomethingbad怀疑（是真的）Dontconfuseitwithverb“todoubt”.doubt:v.tothinkthatsomethingmaynotbetrueorthatitisunlikely怀疑（某件事不是真的，不可能发生）,1,FocusonLanguage,1,6.Isuspectmostpeoplewhoaskmethatquestion“howcanIimprovemyEnglish?”alreadyknowallthis.(Para.7)c.f.:Idoubtthathehasstolenmywatch.我怀疑他偷了我的表。（我不相信他偷了我的手表。）Isuspectthathehasstolenmywatch.我怀疑他偷了我的表。（我猜想他偷了我的手表。）,1,FocusonLanguage,1,7.theyfiguredoutamethodthatworksbestforthem.(Para.10)figureout:a)tothinkaboutaproblemorsituationuntilyoufindtheanswerorunderstandwhathashappened考虑出，计算出，解答e.g.Canyoufigureouthowtodoit?你能不能想出该怎么办？,1,FocusonLanguage,1,7.theyfiguredoutamethodthatworksbestforthem.(Para.10)figureout:a)tothinkaboutaproblemorsituationuntilyoufindtheanswerorunderstandwhathashappened考虑出，计算出，解答Translation不要担心，我们会想出办法的。Dontworry,wellfiguresomethingout.(=findawaytosolvetheproblem),1,FocusonLanguage,1,7.theyfiguredoutamethodthatworksbestforthem.(Para.10)figureout:b)tounderstandwhysomeonebehavesinthewaytheydo理解，领会到e.g.Icantfigureoutwhyshesaidso.我搞不懂她为什么这么说。Translation我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。Icantfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,8.butyoushouldfollowtheirexamplebyblazingyourowntrail.(Para.10)blazeatrail(way,path):todevelopordosomethingnewandimportant,ortodosomethingthatnoonehasdonebefore开辟道路，作开路先锋e.g.Whenthereisnobeatenpath,youmustblazeanewtrail.在无路可走时，你就必须要开辟一条新路。,1,FocusonLanguage,1,8.butyoushouldfollowtheirexamplebyblazingyourowntrail.(Para.10)blazeatrail(way,path):todevelopordosomethingnewandimportant,ortodosomethingthatnoonehasdonebefore开辟道路，作开路先锋Translation亨利福特是汽车制造业的先驱。HenryFordblazedatrailinmanufacturingautomobiles.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,9.Finally,Itrytowarnmystudentsagainstdiscouragement.(Para.12)Verb“towarn”isapopular(universal)verb,andithaslotsofcollocationswithprepositions.Helpstudentstorememberthefollowingphrasesandstructures.towarn(sb.)againststh.:toadvisesb.nottodosth.becauseitmayhavedangerousorunpleasantresultse.g.Herfinancialadviserwarnedheragainstsuchariskyinvestment.她的财务顾问警告她不要进行这样有风险的投资。,1,FocusonLanguage,1,9.Finally,Itrytowarnmystudentsagainstdiscouragement.(Para.12)towarn(sb.)againstdoingsth.Thepolicemanwarnedhimagainstcrossingtheroadatthatplace.警察提醒他不要在那个地方横穿马路。towarnsb.aboutsth.TravelerstoAfricaarebeingwarnedaboutthedangerofHIVinfection.去非洲的旅行者得到警告，要防范艾滋病感染的危险。,1,FocusonLanguage,1,9.Finally,Itrytowarnmystudentsagainstdiscouragement.(Para.12)towarn(sb.)ofsth.Theywarnedhimofthedanger.他们警告他有危险towarnsb.(not)todosth.Iwarnedyounottowalkhomealone.我提醒过你不要独自步行回家。,1,FocusonLanguage,1,10.Asforthoseofyouhopingtostudyabroadandtryingtobefluentbeforeyougetthere,(Para.13)asforsb./sth.:usedwhenyouarestartingtotalkaboutsomeoneorsomethingnewthatisconnectedwithwhatyouweretalkingaboutbefore至于，就来说e.g.Youcanasktheothers,butasformyself,Illbebusyintheoffice.你可以去请别人，至于我，我要在办公室忙工作。,1,FocusonLanguage,1,10.Asforthoseofyouhopingtostudyabroadandtryingtobefluentbeforeyougetthere,(Para.13)asforsb./sth.:usedwhenyouarestartingtotalkaboutsomeoneorsomethingnewthatisconnectedwithwhatyouweretalkingaboutbefore至于，就来说Translation很多人喜欢夏天，至于我，则更喜欢冬天。Mostpeoplelikesummer,butasforme,Ilikewintermuchbetter.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,11.Untilyouhavetousethelanguage,untilitsallaroundyou,untilyouneedto,untilyoureforcedto,youwontgetthere.(Para.13)Toemphasizethetimewhenyoucanbesucceedindoingsomething,theadverbialclauseoftimeisputatthebeginningofthesentence.Thisdeviceiscalledinversion.Thenormalsentenceordershouldbe“Youwontgetthereuntilyouhaveto,untilitsall,untilyouneedto,untilyoureforcedto.”,1,FocusonLanguage,1,11.Untilyouhavetousethelanguage,untilitsallaroundyou,untilyouneedto,untilyoureforcedto,youwontgetthere.(Para.13)notuntil:usedtoemphasizethatsomethingdoesnothappenbeforeacertainpointintimeorbeforesomethingelsehashappened,oftentranslatedas“直到才”.e.g.“CanIgooutandplaynow?”“Notuntilyouvedoneyourhomework.”“我现在能出去玩吗？”“作完作业再去。”,1,FocusonLanguage,1,11.Untilyouhavetousethelanguage,untilitsallaroundyou,untilyouneedto,untilyoureforcedto,youwontgetthere.(Para.13)notuntil:usedtoemphasizethatsomethingdoesnothappenbeforeacertainpointintimeorbeforesomethingelsehashappened,oftentranslatedas“直到才”.Translation他直到12点钟才离开办公室。Hedidnotleavetheofficeuntil12oclock.,1,FocusonLanguage,1,11.Untilyouhavetousethelanguage,untilitsallaroundyou,untilyouneedto,untilyoureforcedto,youwontgetthere.(Para.13)getthere:usedinoralEnglish,meaningsucceedorachievewhatonewantsto.e.g.Weallknowthatperfectionisthegoal,buthowdoesonegetthere?我们都知道完美是目标，但是如何才能达到？,1,FocusonLanguage,1,1,1,