2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题二 第3课时 说明文、议论文类完形填空练习.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题二 第3课时 说明文、议论文类完形填空练习体裁：说明文话题：环境保护词数：290时间：16(xx安徽卷)In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The_1_is that countries around the world have growing mountains of _2_because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we_3_a throwaway society? First of all，it is now easier to_4_an object than to spend time and money to repair it._5_modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology，panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and_6_.Another cause is our_7_of disposable (一次性的) products.As_8_people，we are always looking for_9_to save time and make our lives easierpanies_10_thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few.Our appetite for new products also_11_to the problem.We are_12_buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that_13_is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we_14_useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world，we can see the_15_of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To_16_the amount of rubbish and to protect the_17_，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials._18_，this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions_19_throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about_20_.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.【语篇解读】文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem答案D句意：关键是世界各国日益堆积如山的垃圾。A.答案；B.原因；C.项目；D.问题。根据第二行“the world.”可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山，故选D。2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products答案B句意：因为人们扔掉垃圾比以往任何时候都多。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据下文中的throwing out more rubbish可知。3.A.face B.bee C.observe D.change答案B句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会？考查动词辨析。4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw答案C句意：首先，现在我们可以更容易地替换一个对象要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。5.A.Thanks to B.As toC.Except forD.Regardless of答案A句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。 考查介词短语辨析。A.幸亏；由于；B.至于；关于；C.除之外；D.不顾；不管。6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful答案C句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。 考查形容词辨析。A.安全的；B.滑稽可笑的；D.强大的；强有力的；均不符合题意。7.A.love B.lack C.preventionD.division答案A句意：一次性的另一个原因是我们的爱(一次性的产品)。考查名词辨析。B.缺乏；C.预防；阻碍；D.部门；分割。8.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy答案D句意：对于忙碌的人而言，我们一直在寻找方法来节省时间，让我们的生活更容易。 考查生活常识。A.敏感的；B.和蔼的；C.勇敢的。9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends答案A句意：见8题。way to do sth为固定搭配。10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve答案C句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品，如纸盘子，塑料杯，照相机，等等。 考查逻辑关系。A.捐赠；B.收到；D.保护；维持。11.A.adapts B.returnsC.respondsD.contributes答案D句意：我们的新产品需求也导致一些问题。 考查固定短语搭配。A.适应；改编；B.返回；回复；C.对做出反应。D.contribute to “有助于；导致”。12.A.tired of B.addicted toC.worried aboutD.ashamed for答案B句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。考查固定短语搭配。A.对厌倦；B.对上瘾；迷恋于；C.担心；D.为感到惭愧。13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger答案A句意：广告说服我们：越新越好。我们会更乐于使用最新产品。 考查生活常识。14.A.pick up B.pay forC.hold ontoD.throw away答案D句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。 考查上下文逻辑关系。A.捡起；学会；B.付款；赔偿；C.紧紧抓住，抓住不放；保持住；D.扔掉，丢弃。15.A.advantages B.purposesC.functionsD.consequences答案D句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。考查名词辨析。A.优势；优点；B.目的；C.功能；D.后果；结果。16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure答案C句意：为了减少垃圾，保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。考查动词辨析。A.显示；表明；B.记录；记载；C.减少；D.测量；权衡。17.A.technology B.environment C.consumersD.brands答案B句意：见16题。 考查上下文逻辑关系。由文章最后的take care of our environment可知。18.A.However B.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile答案A句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。 考查联系副词。A.可是；然而；B.否则； C.因此；D.与此同时。19.A.byB.in favour ofC.afterD.instead of答案D句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。 考查介词和介词短语辨析。B.支持；赞成。20.A.spending B.collectingC.repairingD.advertising答案A句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。 考查逻辑关系。由上文可知。体裁：议论文话题：文化差异词数：120时间：6(xx重庆卷)Cultural differences occur wherever you go.When visiting another country，you should be aware of those differences and _1_ them.Here are some _2_ on how to fit in.Every traveler to a foreign country feels _3_ at some point.What you do can make locals laugh.Your best defense is a sense of _4_.If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India，locals will warm to you as“that crazy foreigner.”Wearing proper clothes is important too，_5_ locals will judge you by what you wear.In some Middle Eastern countries，exposing your flesh is _6_，especially if you are a woman.So leave your torn jeans at home.Also be cautious about expressing _7_.Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly.In some countries it is _8_ to kiss in public.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文化差异无处不在，当在别的国家时意识到这种差异是十分重要的，关于如何适应这种差异，本文为读者提供了三点实用的建议。1.A.reject B.recite C.respect D.remove答案C根据下文提及的“入乡随俗”的建议，我们首先应该“尊重”这种文化差异，故选C。2.A.plans B.tips C.arguments D.choices答案B该文章第一段与下面三段是总分关系，该句是中心句。根据下文三条并列的建议可知此处填tips。3.A.unsafe B.excited C.satisfied D.awkward答案D根据语境，初到某处有文化差异定会令人感到尴尬笨拙，故选D。4.A.relief B.belonging C.humor D.direction答案C根据下文列举的实例可知当遇到尴尬情况时，幽默感可以让你感觉舒服一些，故选C。5.A.but B.for C.so D.or答案B后文是解释提出前面建议的原因，故用for。6.A.forbidden B.allowed C.expected D.tolerated答案A根据该段最后一句“把你的破了洞的牛仔留在家里”，可知在中东国家露肉是被“禁止”的，故选A。7.A.emotions B.concern C.interest D.views答案A根据后一句“生气会让你看起来愚蠢”，可知一定要小心表达自己的“情感”，故选A。8.A.natural B.advisable C.unwise D.unnecessary答案C根据本段建议要小心表达个人情感，而亲吻是表达情感的方式，所以当众亲吻定是“不明智”的，故选C。Cloze 3体裁：议论文话题：家庭教育词数：290时间：15(xx广东卷)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again，teenagers have _1_ feelings about their parents，saying that it is not easy living with them.According to a recent research，the most mon _2_ between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.On the one hand，parents go mad over _3_ rooms，clothes thrown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the _4_.On the other hand，teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for _5_ the towel in the bathroom，not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.The research，conducted by St.George University，shows that different parents have different _6_ to these problems.However，some approaches are more _7_ than others.For example，those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness，but _8_ clean the room for them，have fewer chances of changing their childrens _9_.On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the _10_ of their actions can do better.For example，when teenagers who dont help their parents with the shopping dont find their favorite drink in the refrigerator，they are forced to _11_ their actions.Psychologists say that _12_ is the most important thing in parentchild relationships.Parents should _13_ to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.Parents may _14_ their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private spacemunication is a twoway process.It is only by listening to and _15_ each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，指出父母与十几岁的孩子之间存在矛盾冲突及其原因，不同父母对此采取的不同方法，以及心理学家对解决冲突的建议。1.A.natural B.strong C.guilty D.similar答案D由not easy living with them (their parents) (孩子觉得与父母生活在一起不易)与difficult to live with teenagers(父母觉得与十几岁的孩子生活在一起很难)可知，孩子与父母有“相似的”感受。2.A.interest B.argumentC.link D.knowledge答案B由前两句，可知父母之间有“矛盾”，再根据regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks(关于不整洁和日常事情)，对照各选项，只有argument(争吵)适合。3.A.noisy B.crowded C.messy D.locked答案C由前句的untidiness和后面的clothes thrown on the floor可知，房间是messy(凌乱不堪的)。4.A.homework B.houseworkC.problem D.research答案B由上文提到的收拾房间之类的事，应是housework(家务活)。5.A.washing B.using C.dropping D.replacing答案C由后面的not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping可知，这里应是dropping the towel in the bathroom，一起为blame them的原因。6.A.approaches B.contributions C.introductions D.attitudes答案A由下句的However，some approaches提示，可知这里是指“不同的父母对待这些问题有不同的方法”，故选A项。7.AplexB.popular C.scientificD.successful答案D从下面的例子可以看出，有的方法比别的方法更能“达到预期的目的(successful)”。下文中的do better也有提示作用。故选D项。8.A.laterB.deliberately C.seldomD.thoroughly答案Ayell at their children(对孩子大声叫喊)之后，意为“但是后来又为他们清扫房间”。9.A.behavior B.taste C.future D.nature答案A根据上下文语境，应该是改变孩子不爱整洁的“行为(behavior)”。10.A.failuresB.changes C.consequencesD.thrills答案C据下文所举的例子“不帮父母去买东西”“在冰箱里就找不到自己最喜欢的饮料”可知，这是让孩子“感受到自己的行为产生的后果”。故选C项。11.A.defend B.delay C.repeat D.reconsider答案D在有了上述经历之后，他们就会“重新考虑”他们的行动。12.Amunication B.bond C.friendship D.trust答案A由下文中的munication is a twoway process可知，此处填munication。13.A.reply B.attend C.attach D.talk答案D由but可知，要选与lend an ear to(listen to倾听)相对的talk，是转折关系，故选D项。14.A.hate B.scold C.frighten D.stop答案B由but可知，要选与understand (理解)相对的scold(责骂)。15.A.loving B.observing C.understanding D.praising答案C此句是强调句型，是对前两句的总结，一句是说要lend an ear to(listen to倾听)，一句是说要understand (理解)，所以总结为“只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母与孩子之间的问题才可得到解决”。故选C项。Cloze 4体裁：说明文话题：语言学习词数：253时间：15(xx安徽卷)If you want to learn a new language，the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a_1_reason，such as your job or your studies？_2_perhaps youre interested in the_3_，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a_4_of the language.Most people learn best using a variety of_5_，but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They_6_an environment where you can practice under the _7_ of someone whos good at the language.We all lead _8_ lives and learning a language takes_9_.You will have more success if you study regularly，so try to develop a_10_.It doesnt matter if you havent got long.Being fluent in a language will take years，but learning to get by takes_11_.Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“Im too_12_，” they say.Yes，children do learn languages more _13_ than adults，but research has shown that you can learn a language at any_14_.And learning is good for the health of your brain，too.Ive also heard people_15_ about the mistakes they make when_16_.Well，relax and laugh about your mistakes _17_youre much less likely to make them again.Learning a new language is never _18_.But with some work and devotion，youll make progress.And youll be _19_by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in _20_ own language.Good luck!【语篇解读】该篇文章属于说明文，主要讲述了学语言的原因。学好语言的方式：班级授课及经常练习，个人学习语言的态度，即从不放弃，专心致志。1.A.technical B.political C.practical D.physical答案C根据your job or your studies可知，需要学习语言是出于“实际，实用”。technical“技术的”，political“政治的”，physical“身体的”。2.A.After B.So C.Though D.Or答案Dor表示“选择”关系，“或者”。3.A.literature B.transportC.agriculture D.medicine答案A根据film，music可知，语言与文学有关。4.A.view B.knowledgeC.form D.database答案Ba knowledge of“(掌握)某一方面的知识”。句意：掌握该语言对你的帮助有多大。5.A.paintings B.regulationsC.methods Dputers答案C句意：使用多种多样的学习方法，人们能学得更好，但是传统的班级授课制仍对于许多初学者是最好的起点。根据traditional classes可知，该空应为“学习方式(方法)”。6.A.protect B.change C.respect D.provide答案D句意：班级授课提供了在擅长语言的人指导下进行练习的环境。protect“保护”，change“改变”，respect“尊重”，provide“提供”。7.A.control BmandC.guidance D.pressure答案Cunder the guidance of“在指导下”。control“控制”，mand“命令”，pressure“压力”。8.A.busy B.happy C.simple D.normal答案A句意：我们人人过着忙碌的生活。busy“繁忙的”，happy“幸福的”，simple“简朴的”，normal“正常的”。9.A.courage B.time C.energy D.place答案Blearning a language takes time.学习语言需要时间，从下文take years可推知。10.A.theory B.business C.routine D.project答案C句意：如果你能定期学习，你将会取得更大的进步，所以你应努力养成一种习惯。由regularly可推知。11.A.some risks B.a lot lessC.some notes D.a lot more答案B句意：语言说得流利会需要好几年的时间，但勉强将就则会需要少得多。根据but可知。12.A.old B.nervous C.weak D.tired答案A根据下文可知，该空应填入与“年龄”有关的词。13.A.closely B.quickly C.privately D.quietly答案B句意：孩子学习语言的确要比成年人快。closely“密切地”，quickly“快速地”，privately“私人地”，quietly“静静地”。14.A.age B.speed C.distance D.school答案A句意：但是研究表明，你在任何年龄都可以学习语言。age“年龄”，speed“速度”，distance“距离”，school“学校”。15.A.worry B.hesitate C.think D.quarrel答案Aworry about“担心”。16.A.singing B.working C.bargaining D.learning答案D句意：我也听说过人们担心他们在学习中犯错。17.A.if B.and C.but D.before答案B句意：放松并嘲笑自己的错误，你将会少犯这些错误。该处考查连词的用法。18.A.tiresome B.hard C.interesting D.easy答案D句意：学习一种新语言从不是轻松的。根据下文but可推知。19.A.blamed B.amazed C.interrupted D.informed答案B句意：在你能用别人的语言说出几个单词时，你将会对别人积极的回应感到惊讶。blame“责备”，amaze“惊讶”，interrupt“打断”，inform“告知”。20.A.their B.his C.our D.your答案A根据上文some people可推知。题组二尝试模拟Cloze 1体裁：议论文话题：走出孤独词数：320时间：20(xx江西名校联盟模拟)The days passed and became weeks.Our _1_ was much the same as before every day.Don was able to stand and move from his _2_ to a regular chair.He could also stand and quite easily _3_ the car by holding onto the door frame without me _4_ him.Don wanted to go to the Red Barn for _5_ with his friends and asked me to _6_ him.I didnt mind but it meant we had to get up early so that I could help him _7_ and dress and then get _8_ myself.When we arrived，his friends greeted him and made _9_ for his chair at the table.I was happy to sit in the corner of the room and eat my breakfast alone _10_ reading the paper.Five or six men sat _11_ the large center table and Don knew all of them.Don tried to make a(n) _12_ with them but they gave short replies and fell silent.They wolfed their food and within a few minutes they had to _13_ to work，leaving him sitting alone.We were surprised but _14_ we just needed to get there earlier.The following days everything was the same.The men were laughing and talking but when I _15_ Don up to the table，the conversation stopped with a(n) _16_“Hi，Don.” His feelings were hurt and that was the last time he wanted to go out.Many times I _17_ him to walk out of his world to get in touch with others，which might help him understand that he wasnt cut off the outside._18_，Don began to change.The first change was that he _19_ wanted to watch violent movies，which made him _20_.He wanted to go for walks and have a talk with the neighbors.I was happy to see his changes.【语篇解读】唐长期以轮椅为伴，似乎隔绝了与外界的交往。在妻子的鼓励下，他鼓足勇气，决定走出孤独的自我世界。1.A.routine B.paperC.decision D.time答案A根据every day以及下文可知应选日常生活(routine)。2.A.office B.tableC.wheelchair D.room答案C依据第一段He could also stand and quite easily.以及下文的.made _ for his chair at the table.可知，唐坐在轮椅上(wheelchair)。3.A.hold to B.get intoC.turn to D.run into答案B句意：他能站起来，抓住车框上车。get into意为“进入”；hold on to意为“紧握，坚持”；turn to意为“求助于；转向”；run into意为“碰到；跑进”。4.A.informing B.liftingC.leading D.showing答案B通读全文可知，唐行动不便，但是此时有所好转，因此不用作者搀扶着(lifting)上车。5.A.lunch B.dinnerC.supper D.breakfast答案D根据下文的.we had to get up early.可知此处意为：作者陪着丈夫去和他的朋友们一起用早餐，故选D项。6.A.remind B.joinC.take D.consider答案C下文表明，作者带着唐一起外出，因此选take，意为“带着”。7.A.wake B.shaveC.walk D.feed答案B依据dress可知，丈夫在生活方面还不能自理，因此作者需要帮助丈夫剃须、穿衣，故选shave。8.A.determined B.willingC.ready D.happy答案C因为要带唐出去，所以作者也要为自己外出做准备(get ready)。9.A.room B.progressC.face D.use答案A唐是坐着轮椅出现的，因此朋友们要为丈夫的轮椅腾地方，make room for意为“给让出空地方”。10.A.until B.whileC.unless D.though答案B句意：我很开心可以坐在角落里，独自一人一边读报一边吃早餐。while意为“一边一边”。11.A.beyond B.behindC.beside D.around答案D因为和朋友一起用餐，因此唐和朋友围着(around)桌子而坐。12.A.conversation B.contributionC.appointment D.difference答案A下文的.they gave short replies.则意味着丈夫想和别人交谈。13.A.cut off B.hurry offC.turn off D.give off答案B本句中的.within a few minutes.和.leaving him sitting alone.暗示着，朋友们匆忙上班去了。hurry off意为“匆匆离开”；cut off意为“断绝；关掉(电器)”；turn off意为“关闭”；give off意为“发出(气味、光、热、声音等)”。14.Aplained B.arguedC.thought D.advised答案C本句中的.needed to get there earlier.表明，作者夫妇二人认为(think)应该早点来。15.A.laid B.placedC.carried D.pushed答案D作者的丈夫坐着轮椅，作者要把他推过去，故选push。16.A.unfortable B.warmC.polite D.patient答案A下文的His feelings were hurt.表明，他感觉不太舒服，故选A。warm意为“温暖的”；polite意为“有礼貌的”；patient意为“耐心的”。17.A.forced B.encouragedC.challenged D.forbade答案B根据.to get in touch with others.表明，作者鼓励(encourage)丈夫走出去和别人接触。force意为“命令，强迫”；challenge意为“挑战”；forbid意为“禁止”。18.A.Suddenly B.GraduallyC.Occasionally D.Regularly答案B依据下文的The first change was that.可知，唐的身上在逐渐(gradually)发生变化。19.A.more than B.rather thanC.no longer D.no more答案C本句中的change说明，作者的丈夫已经不像过去那样迷恋于暴力电影。no longer意为“不再”；more than意为“不仅”；rather than意为“而不是(用于连接两种不同的情况)”；no more意为“不再”。20.A.excited B.cheerfulC.shy D.sad答案D本句中的violent movies暗示着暴力影片只能使得他心情不佳，所以现在不再看了。Cloze 2体裁：说明文话题：动物世界词数：350时间：20(xx郑州市高三一模)Zebras are close relatives of horses and owe their popularity to their unique black and white stripes(条纹).In fact，the most fascinating and _1_ feature of a zebra is its stripes，and each zebra has a unique stripe pattern.It is this _2_ feature that makes them attractive and recognizable.The body structure of zebras is similar to _3_ of horses.Normally，the _4_ height of an adult zebra ranges from four to five feet and the body length _5_ be between seven to nine feet.An adult zebra _6_ between 660 and 900 pounds.They have strong，rounded，muscular bodies with long _7_ and odd number of toes on each foot.Their faces are large and the ears are long and straight.The eyes are set high on their forehead，_8_ them with a wide range of vision.They have strong teeth，which help them to _9_ grass.Their most obvious feature is the stripes.The backbone is straight and the tail is long.The visual sense of zebras is very _10_，as they have both day and night vision.They have very _11_ senses of hearing and smell.They can hear distant sounds and are highly sensitive to smoke.Zebras are herbivorous(食草的) animals with a diet that mainly _12_ grass._13_ their diet includes buds，roots，fruits，leaves and bark of trees.They need a huge quantity of food to _14_ their daily nutritional requirement._15_，most of the daytime，they are _16_ with the task of chewing their food.Zebras live in a wide range of _17_ like mountains，hills，woodlands and grasslands.Plains zebras prefer grasslands with trees and are usually seen near some water _18_.They are found in south and east Africa.Mountain zebras，_19_ the name suggests，live up in the mountains in southwest Africa，where the atmosphere is cool.They are _20_ in climbing and like to take dust baths.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。斑马最大的特点是身上有条纹，并且每只斑马身上的条纹都不一样