LearningaboutLanguage

Discovering useful words and expressions EXAMPLE: n. adj. convenience convenient; independence independent 1 In groups make word pairs with the same suffix. Add more of your own. n. adj.cubebasefancymercystaincarecautionpoision cubicbasicfancifulmercifulstainlesscarelesscautiouspoisonous v. n.expectrelaxproducereduceidentifysatisfy expectationrelaxationproductionreductionidentificationsatisfaction adj. v.stronglongfreezingdisappointing strengthenlengthenfreezedisappoint 2 Replace the underlined parts with words that have the same meaning. Rewrite the sentence when necessary. 1. The greengrocer at the corner is probably the easiest and nearest to reach.2. If you want to apply for a credit card, you must provide officially acceptable identification. most convenientvalid 3. You need to approach that animal with great care as it may bite. 4. She accepts everything during meetings and does not contribute to discussions at all. 5. I found his phone number in the directory and tried to telephone him last night, but there was no reply. Later I found I dialed the wrong number. cautionis passivecall/ring him up 6. I dont think of my hometown very much, only sometimes.7. Luckily the rainfall stopped suddenly before I left. 8. In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty.now and thenabruptlydistinguish 3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words or phrase below. file abruptly valid product seize perfume criterion set about When I first applied for a patent I was very puzzled by the _. I had produced a new type of lily. I was amazed when my application was _ refused. The patent officer dealing with my _ explained to me that a new plant variety is not a _ invention as it is a result of adjusting growth scientifically. criteriaabruptly file valid However, she suggested that I should produce a _ from my new lily. With her encouragement, I decided to _ the opportunity to make a real invention, so I _ my studies on developing my _, for which I hope I will succeed in applying for a patent. set about seizeperfumeproduct Grammar动 词 -ed形 式 作 定 语动 词 -ed形 式 作 表 语动 词 -ed形 式 作 宾 语 补 足 语 过 去 分 词 作 定 语 往 往 与 被 修 饰 的 词 靠 得 很 紧 , 渐 渐 地 成 为 一 个 复 合 词 。 这 种 分 词 叫 分 词 形 容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实 际 上 相 当 于一 个 单 纯 的 形 容 词 , 除 表 示 “ 完 成 ” 的 动 作 之 外 , 还 表 示 “ 被 动 ” 的 意 义 。 如 ：一 、 动 词 -ed形 式 作 定 语 spoken English 英语口语iced beer 冰冻啤酒cooked food 熟 食 fried chips 炸 土 豆 条 但 要 注 意 不 及 物 动 词 的 过 去 分 词 常 表 示“ 完 成 ” 的 动 作 , 而 不 表 示 “ 被 动 ” 意 义 。 如 : boiled water(开 水 ); fallen leaves(落 叶 ) the risen sun(升 起 的 太 阳 )等 。 The tall man is a returned student 高 个 子 的 那 个 人 是 个 归 国 留 学 生 。 My parents are both retired teachers 我 的 父 母 都 是 退 休 教 师 。 (1) 前置定语单个的动词-ed形式, 一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。The excited people rushed into building.激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again虚度的时光, 无法挽回。(=time which is lost) e.g. The books left are for my students (2) 后置定语少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能 作后置定语。剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在 被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于 一个定语从句。 Is there anything planned for tonight?(= that has been planned for tonight)今晚有什么活动吗?The meeting, attended by a lot of people,was a success这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 高 考 链 接1) Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. writtenA D 3) The Olympic games, _ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods _ through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年 全 国 春 ） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buyingC B 5) Mr. Smith, _ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北 京 春 ) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boringA He looked worried after reading the letter看 完 信 后 , 他 显 得 很 忧 虑 。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当 我 们 听 到 这 件 事 时 , 被 深 深 地 感 动 了 。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 听 到 这 个 想 法 , 他 似 乎 很 高 兴 。 二 、 动 词 -ed形 式 作 表 语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意, 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如： I was very pleased at the news 听 了 这 消 息 我 很 高 兴 。 He grew much tired of the work 他 十 分 厌 倦 这 工 作 。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听 了 这 想 法 他 似 乎 很 高 兴 。 作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。 1) Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed高 考 链 接C C 3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上 海 ) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating C 三 、 动 词 -ed形 式 作 宾 语 补 足 语 能 用 作 宾 语 补 足 语 的 过 去 分 词 一 般 都 是及 物 动 词 ,表 示 被 动 意 义 或 已 完 成 意 义 ,有 时 候 两 者 兼 而 有 之 。 作 宾 语 补 足 语 的过 去 分 词 与 宾 语 有 逻 辑 上 的 动 宾 关 系 ,即 宾 语 是 过 去 分 词 动 作 的 对 象 。 She found the door broken in when she came back她 回 来 时 发 现 有 人 破 门 而 人 。My grandfather had his old house rebuilt我 爷 爷 找 人 重 修 了 一 下 他 的 旧 房 子 。 动 词 -ed形 式 作 宾 语 补 足 语 的 基 本 用 法 动 词 的 -ed形 式 可 以 在 “ 主 语 +谓 语 +宾 语+宾 语 补 足 语 ” 句 型 中 充 当 宾 语 补 足 语 。 在这 一 结 构 中 , 动 词 -ed形 式 和 它 前 面 的 宾 语构 成 逻 辑 上 的 被 动 关 系 。 如 果 这 种 句 子 改为 被 动 语 态 , 原 来 的 宾 语 补 足 语 变 成 了 主 语补 足 语 。 People found the girl beaten black and blue人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(宾语补足语)The girl was found beaten black and blue(主语补足语) (1)动 词 -ed形 式 可 作 表 示 感 觉 和 心 理 状 态 的动 词 的 宾 语 补 足 语 ,这 类 动 词 包 括 see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等 。We thought the game lost我 们 认 为 球 赛 输 了 。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我 从 未 听 过 有 人 说 他 的 坏 话 。She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她 觉 得 心 里 轻 松 了 些 。They considered the matter settled他 们 认 为 这 问 题 解 决 了 。 I have my hair cut once a month我 每 个 月 理 一 次 发 。He was trying to make himselfunderstood他 正 努 力 使 别 人 听 懂 自 己 。She held her hands pressed against her face.她 用 双 手 按 着 脸 。(2) 动 词 -ed形 式 可 作 使 役 动 词 的 宾 语 补 足 语 , 这 类 动 词 包 括 make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等 。 She had her house repaired她 请 人 把 屋 子 修 好 了 。Where did you have your hair cut?你 在 哪 儿 理 的 发 ? “have+宾 语 +done”结 构 有 三 个 含 义 ： (请人)把某事做完。 He had his hat blown away on his wayhome在 回 家 的 路 上 他 的 帽 子 被 吹 掉 了 。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨 天 她 的 钱 包 被 偷 了 。 遭遇某种意外情况。 I have had all my spelling mistakescorrected我 把 所 有 的 拼 写 错 误 都 改 正 了 。He has had one thousand yuan saved this year他 今 年 已 存 了 1000元 。 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 (3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、 命令等动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词 包括like, want, wish, expect, order等He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting他 不 喜 欢 在 会 议 上 讨 论 这 样 的 问 题 。The students wish the TV serial plays continued学 生 们 希 望 电 视 连 续 剧 继 续 播 下 去 。 (4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。 1.You can make yourself _ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood2. - There is a hole in your bag. - I know. Im going to have it _. A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended Practice D C 3. -How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; madeB 4. English is a language _ all around the world and is the _ language of most international organizations. A. to speak, working B. spoken, working C. speaking, worked D. spoken, worked B 5. He found a magazine _ with the owners name_ on the desk with the back cover _ off. A. marking, lying, torn B. marked, lying, torn C. marked, laid, tearing D. marking, laying, tearingA 1. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me? (2009福 建 卷 ) A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat2. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. (2009湖 南 卷 ) A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down高 考 链 接 - 2009C B 3. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. (2009江 苏 卷 ) A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak4. We finished the run in less than half the time _. (2009江 西 卷 ) A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows C C 5. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. (2009浙 江 卷 ) A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found D Answer key for exercise 2 on page 241.We need another copy of the _ agreement.2.He seemed _ by the failure of his patent.3.She tried to make herself _ while giving her talk.4.I was _ to see our team _ by a weaker team.5.My mother appeared _ with the lanterns she had made. signeddisappointed understoodembarrassed beatenpleased Answer key for exercise 3 on page 24If you want to be an inventor, you must have a plan _ to solve a particular problem. This is not as easy as it sounds. Many ideas, _ after weeks of research, may not prove successful. Many unsuccessful approaches are _, and only the most creative and successful ones are _. designeddeveloped rejectedwelcomed Each idea _ by you will need to be _ until it leads you closer to a new invention. Once this hard work has been completed and the patent committee has approved your design, you will find your new invention _ on all sides.testedimproved adopted Answer key for exercise 4 on page 241.We saw _ on TV yesterday.2.He left the car lights on overnight and in the morning she couldnt get _.3.Catherine wants _ in the gallery.4.Youd better have _ before I get home from work. Its in a mess.the play performedthe car startedher paintings displayedyour courtryard tidied 5.I felt _ forward when the bus stopped.6.I wont have _ with useless discussion.7.I cannot bear the smell of _ on the barbecue.8.The host found _ to the party were late because of traffic jams.myself thrownmy time taken upburnt sausagesome guests invited 1. Finish the exercises on grammar in this unit.2. Preview the reading materials in Using Language.Homework