unit-8The Great Mindsppt演示文档

.,Unit 8 The Great Minds,.,Text A,.,explanation n. 解释；说明His explanation was far from satisfactory.For all your explanation, I understand no better than before.in explanation of 对进行解释Had he anything to say in explanation of his behaviour?explain v. 说明；解释He explained his plan in some detail.,.,imperfect adj. 有缺陷的；不完全地点；不完美的He had only an imperfect understanding of his task.perfect adj. 完美的；完全的；完满的；十足的；理想的She is a perfect girl in every way.,.,abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的；变态的；畸形的An abnormal amount of snow fell here last week.normal adj. 正常的；正规的；精神健全的Everything is absolutely normal.,.,disability n.（某种）缺陷，障碍Blindness is a very serious disability.失明是非常严重的残疾。Not speaking French in Paris is a real disability.在巴黎不讲法语实在是一个缺陷。able adj. 能够的；有能力的；能干的We shall be able to deal with all sorts of problem.ability n. 能力；才能This is a task well within your ability.disable v. 使失去能力Old age disabled him for hard labour.年迈使他不能干繁重的工作。,.,adapt v. 适应（新情况）Experiments were made to adapt this variety of shrimp to fresh water.人们进行了一些试验来使这种虾适应于淡水。He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.adapt to something （使）适合；（使）适应adapt for 调整，使适合于；为改编,.,effective adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion.做广告往往是最有效的推销方法。effect n. 效应；结果；影响；印象；效果The medicine soon took effect.effect v. 使产生；引起The temperature often effects a change of the state of matter.affect vt. 影响；感动；作用She was deeply affected by the sad story.,.,define v. 阐明；明确；界定How do you define laziness?definition n. 定义；阐释；清晰度To give a definition of a word is more difficult than to give an illustration of its use.给一个词下定义要比举例说明它的用法困难。My duties require clearer definition.The photo lacks definition.,.,a walk of life 行业；职业；地位；阶层She did not want her son to marry a girl in a different walk of life.During my twenty years work, I met people from all walks of life.,.,Text B,.,recall v. 记起；回忆起；回想起Do you have any recall of that meeting?你还记得那次会见吗？beyond recall 不可挽回；不能记起The new law is now established beyond recall.新法律现已制定，不得撤销。recall to mind 回想起，回忆起，记得,.,production n. 生产；制造；制作He knows everything about the production schedule.他知道生产进度的一切情况。produce n. 多指农产品（尤指蔬菜、水果等）This shop sells native produce.这家商店出售土特产品。Our chefs use only the freshest produce available.我们的厨师只用现有最新鲜的农产品。product n. 一般指工业产品，也可泛指各种各样的产品production n. 含义广泛，不同场合有不同的意思，可表示“产品，产物” ，尤指人类智慧或艺术劳动的产品,.,competition n. 竞争；角逐Competition between species is frequency-dependent.物种之间的竞争是频率制约的。Competition for the nomination was very keen.competition, contest, match 这些名词均有“比赛，竞争”之意。,.,competition 多指体育运动中的各项比赛，也指知识、技巧等方面的竞赛Everyone in modern society faces keen competitions.contest 多指在音乐、书法、演讲等方面所进行的比赛或竞争，其结果由评判委员会裁决She won a gold medal for her fine performance in the contest.她在竞赛中成绩优异获金牌。match 通常指体育运动项目的比赛，隐含势均力敌意味I am no match for her when it comes to language.在语言能力方面我根本不是她的对手。,.,instant adj. 立刻的；立即的This behavior is so unexpected that it generates instant anger.这个行为是如此出乎意料，让人立刻很生气。He often eats out at an instant Chinese restaurant.他常在一家中式快餐馆吃饭。instant food 方便食品；即时食品；速溶食品instant coffee 即溶咖啡instant noodle 方便面,.,biological mother 生母He was eager to know who was his biological mother.dwell on 老是想着（尤指最好忘记的事）High achievers dwell on what they do well- and spend very little time evaluating themselves and their performances. 成功人士会细想他们做好什么并且花很少时间去评价自己和自己的表现。,.,情态动词modal verb,.,modal verb,英语中的情态动词有：can(could), may (might), must, shall(should), will(would), dare, need.,.,1. can/could/be able to1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。 I can speak French./He could sing that song in the past. be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。,.,2) 注意：could不表示时态提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。- Could I have the television on?- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.3）can/could 在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。He cant/couldnt be a bad man.(现在） 他不大可能是坏人。 They couldnt have done in that way.(过去,.,2.may和might1） 表示允许或请求时，might 语气委婉些。 Might/ May I come in? 2）表示没有把握的推测；He may/might be at home.(现在） They may have done the homework.(过去）注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。 If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题Peter _come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will,.,3. must 1) must表示必须。 You must leave now. 2）must 的两个否定式 Must we hand in our exercise books tomorrow? No, you neednt. May I smoke here? No, you mustnt. 3)must 表示推测。 must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。,.,A. must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）比较： He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。,.,B. must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。 He is watching TV. He must have finished his homework.,.,must 和have to,1)两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）,.,2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示"不必"mustn't表示"禁止"， You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。,.,will和would,1）will/would 表示意愿. Will you go with me?/ Would you go with me? 2)would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。 Would you like to go with me?3）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。 Would you like some cake?4）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。 Won't you sit down?,.,shall 和should/ought to,1. 表示应该 We should spend more time with our parents.2. Should +be+表语/should have +ved表示本应该做的事却没做，表示惊讶、遗憾等。 I am sorry that she should be so impolite. She should have bought this book for me last time. 否定结构表示本不应该做的事但事实上却做了. You shouldnt have spent so much time on shopping.,.,need,1.Need主要用在否定句或疑问句中 You need not worry about you son. Need you buy a pair of shoes?2. needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot3. Need 作为实义动词与情态动词的区别： 1)实义动词 need（需要, 要求）need + n. / to do sth I need some ink./She needs to cook first. Does she need to cook first?,.,2) 情态动词： need+v(原形），否定形式为need not。Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：need doing = need to be doneThe shoes need brushing.= The shoes need to be brushed.*dare 的用法与need 相似。 We dare not think about our furture. He dare to accept the present.,.,其它的情态动词,1. had better表示"最好"  had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth had better not do sthIt is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.2. would rather表示"宁愿"  would rather do /would rather not dowould rather than 宁愿而不愿。还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.,.,