（通用版）高三英语二轮复习 第1部分 专题2 阅读七选五 技法3 依据全文或段落的“主题”线索-人教版高三英语试题

技法3| 依据全文或段落的“主题”线索文章通常会围绕一个中心主题展开论述说明，这个主题一般位于文章的首段或末段，仔细阅读文章的首段和末段，就能快速抓住文章的主题，明白本文将探讨哪方面的内容，有利于我们归纳概括文章的标题或主题。1概括“论据”和“结论”，得出“论点”(2016·西宁市重点中学联考) 38 They entertain us in our spare moments.Good novels，books on poetry and short stories，give us great enjoyment.At times we become so absorbed in our books that we forget even our important arrangements.Loneliness is no trouble for a reader.CWhen we are alone，books are our best friends.思路分析空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”。空格后面的三句话为论据，最后一句为结论，意为“对一位读者来说没有孤独感”，因此C项“当我们独自一人时，书是我们最好的朋友。”符合题意。2根据“论据”推导出“论点”考题回放(2015·全国卷) 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.ALearn to really trust yourself.思路分析空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”，根据空格后的句子“相信自己会”可判定选A项意为“学会真的相信你自己”。3根据“相似度”原则确定主题文章中出现的主题句与七个选项中的某个选项在词汇和句式结构上会有一定的相似度，据此可快速找出正确选项。考题回放(2014·全国卷)1Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already？17.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.2Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？18.Make tree or four instead.It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3 19 This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.ATry new things.思路分析此空需要填一个主题句，它需要概括全段的内容，根据前面的两项内容可判定应为祈使句。结合空格后面的信息词surprise，experimentation，new ideas等可知与A项“尝试新东西”信息一致。4根据文中反复出现的“关键词”确定主题考题回放(2016·全国甲卷)Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad，but that's not what's important.19.It's our experience of the garden that mattershow being in those gardens made us feel.If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden.Have fun.GFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have思路分析由garden的反复出现可判定花园与主题有关。空格前说“花一些时间回忆你小时候的花园”，空格后说“然后走出去，制订计划，把你孩提时代的记忆变成你成年后的花园”。根据此语境可知答案为G项“为每一个那样的花园写下你最深刻的回忆”。A(2016·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)How to Help a Teenager Make Good DecisionsHabitually poor decisionmaking is actually common in teenagers.Naturally，such a habit makes parentteen cooperation difficult，especially when a parent wants his teen to do what a “responsible adolescent” would do.A poor decisionmaking teenager can never run away from his responsibilities. 1 Distinguish real problems from acts of pure “teenagerism”Teens often make poor decisions simply because they don't have the experiences.By making small and harmless mistakes，like a recentlydeveloped habit of careless consuming，a teen learns good decisionmaking skills on his own via selfcorrection. 2 Don't think the teen is making bad decisions just to challenge you.It's more likely it is out of a real inability to determine what's best for him. 3 Tell your teen you understand his decisions while simply emphasizing that you don't have to agree with his decisions or treat his views as valid.By not judging his opinions，tastes or style，you are opening the road to better communication and problemsolving opportunities.Set clear expectations. 4 For example，if your teen refuses to study for his math final because “math is pointless”，explain that you expect him to perform well in school，even in the “pointless” classes.Because you've already tolerated his opinion without trying to change his viewpoint，you two can easily agree that math isn't so useful，yet avoid saying “Let's just give up on math，then.”Find a middle ground.Trade insignificant freedoms，such as clothing style for the promise that he'll live up to academic and family responsibilities. 5 Not only does giving up a bit of control solve many conflicts，but the extra freedom you give him can also improve his decisionmaking.AShow tolerance.BLearn to solve problems.CPoint out your expectations and his responsibilities.DIf your teen could realize it，allow him to be himself.EA responsible adolescent must have role models to learn from.FTherefore，it's important to guide them with problemsolving strategies.GNext time，he'll be more likely to think twice before making his buying decision.本文介绍了如何才能帮助青少年做出正确的决定。1F不擅长做决定的青少年很普遍，家长希望他们的孩子做一个有责任心的青少年应该做的事情，所以选F项“因此，用解决问题的策略引导他们很重要”。2G通过犯一些小而无害的错误，比如最近形成的粗心消费的习惯，青少年通过自我改正学到了良好的决策技能。G项“下一次，在做出购买决定时他更可能三思”符合语境。故选G。3A当你强调你不同意他的决定或你认为他的观点不正当时，告诉你的孩子你理解他的决定，所以A项“表现出宽容”符合语境。故选A。4C根据本段的主题句“Set clear expectations.”及下文的例子可知，选C项“指出你的期望和孩子的责任”。5D根据空前的一句可知选D项“如果你的孩子实现了他的承诺，那就允许他做他自己想做的事情”。B(2016·石家庄市教学质量检测)Everyone can benefit from making an effort to practice gratitude(感激) every day.The following three steps can help you start feeling more grateful，and appreciative of the good things in your life：Notice the Good Things in Your Life 6 Pay attention to the small everyday details of your lifenature，people，community，shelter，creature comforts like a warm bed or a good meal.And then start a gratitude journal.Making a commitment to writing down good things each day makes it more likely that we will notice good things as they happen.Enjoy the Feeling of GratitudeThere are moments when you naturally，right then and there，feel filled with gratitude.These are moments when you say to yourself，“Oh，wow，this is amazing！” or “How great this is！” Pause. 7 Let it sink in.Enjoy your blessings the moment they happen.Express GratitudeExpressing gratitude is more than being polite. 8 Show your appreciation to someone who really did something nice.Say：“ It was really kind of you to.” “You did me a big favor when.” or “Thank you for being there when.” 9 Hold the door open for the person behind you，even if it means waiting a little longer than you normally would.True gratitude doesn't leave you feeling like you owe other people somethingafter all，if you've done someone a favor，you probably don't want the person to feel like you expect something back in return. 10 AIt's about showing your heartfelt appreciation.BNotice and absorb that feeling of true gratitude.CYou can also express gratitude by doing a kindness.DIt's all about feeling good and creating a cycle of good.EStart to notice and identify the things you are grateful for.FHelp someone without letting the person find out it was you.GIt's amazing what you notice when you focus on feeling grateful.本文主要介绍了帮助人们感受生活中的美好事物的三个步骤。6E依据本段的标题“留心生活中美好的事情”可知，选E。开始留心并确定你要感恩的事情。7B由第三段的标题Enjoy the Feeling of Gratitude和空格前的举例可知，B项中的“that feeling of true gratitude”与之呼应。8A本段的标题是表达感恩，上文说明表达感恩不仅仅有礼貌，它表达你衷心的感谢。A项中的“It”指代上文的“Expressing gratitude”。9C由下文的“Hold the door open for the person behind you”可知，你也可以为他人做一个友好的举动来表达你的感恩。10D依据上文可知，你帮助他人时，不期待人家对你的回报，D项中的creating a cycle of good“创造一个善行的循环”符合语境。 【导学号：90892011】C(2016·福建省质量检测)When you're in high school，it can be difficult to find a job.You may not have much or any formal work experience and there aren't many jobs available for teenagers.However，if you're looking for a job，there are things you can do to help get your application noticed and help yourself get hired. 11 Don't be shy.Tell everyone you know you are looking for a job.Many jobs aren't advertised and you may be able to get a good job lead from a friend or family member. 12 One good way to get experience is to start by working for friends and neighbors.Babysitting, garden work, doing cleaning，and pet sitting all can be included on your resume (简历)Keep an open mind. 13 This is a tough market and you may not be able to find a job doing what you want to do.The more flexibility you have，the more opportunities you'll be able to apply for.Plus，even if the job wasn't your first choice，it may turn out to be better than you expected.Check the rules.There are only certain jobs you can do and hours you can work. 14 The minimum age you can work at paid nonagricultural employment is 14.Write a resume.A resume may not be required by employers. 15 Even though you may not have much information to include, a resume shows that you're serious about your job search.AStart close to home.BBe always optimistic.CYou can count on the following chances.DDon't limit yourself to certain types of jobs.EBut it can help you stand out from the competition.FThese job search tips will help you get your job search started.GCheck the Child Labor Law regulations to see how they apply to you.本文主要介绍了高中生找到工作的方法和策略。11F根据上句“However，if you're looking for a job，there are things you can do to help get your application noticed and help yourself get hired.”可推知，接下来要讲一些求职的技巧和策略；由下文列举的方法可知，应选F项来承上启下。12A由“One good way to get experience is to start by working for friends and neighbors.”可推知，在家附近开始工作是获取经验的不错的选择，所以选A项。13D根据下文的“The more flexibility you have，the more opportunities you'll be able to apply for.”和本段主题“Keep an open mind.”可推知，找工作时要思路开阔，而不是局限于某些工作，所以选D项。14G根据本段的标题“Check the rules”可推知，找工作时要符合一些法律法规的要求，所以选G项。15E由本段的标题“Write a resume.”可推知，写一份简历是非常有必要的，且由下文的“Even though you may not have much information to include，a resume shows that you're serious about your job search.”可知，应选E项。D(2016·湖北省七市教科研协作体联合考试)While it is impossible to live completely free of stress，it is possible to prevent stress as well as reducing its effect when it can't be avoided.The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.Try physical activity.When you are nervous，angry or upset，try releasing(释放)the pressure through exercise or physical activity. 16 Take care of yourself.You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest.If you easily get angry and cannot sleep well enough，or if you're not eating properly，it will be more likely that you will fall into situations of stress. 17 Make time for yourself. 18 Don't forget，play can be just as important as work.You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun.Go windowshopping or work on a hobby.Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy. 19 Stress can result from disorganization(杂乱无章) and a feeling that “there's so much to do，and not enough time”Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and，as a result，you may not achieve anything.Instead，make a list of everything you have to do，and then do one thing at a time. 20 Set out to do the most important tasks first.AJust bear in mind the most important tasks.BSchedule time for both work and play.CCheck off each task as it is completed.DMake a list of the things you need to do.EFor example，you could take your job as your hobby.FIf stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping，you should consult a doctor.GRunning，walking，or playing tennis is just some of the activities you might try.本文主要介绍了几条减轻压力的建议。16G根据标题“Try physical activity.”可知，本段主要介绍通过体育运动来减压；G选项介绍了几种体育运动，与标题切合。17F根据标题“Take care of yourself.”和本段的整体内容可知，本段主要介绍了“如何照顾自己”；据此可以判断，F选项“如果压力反复地让你无法入睡，你应该咨询医生”符合文意。“cannot sleep well enough”是提示。18B根据空后的“Don't forget，play can be just as important as work.”可知，空处谈论的是如何分配工作和娱乐的时间，故选B项。19D根据本段中的“Instead，make a list of everything you have to do，and then do one thing at a time.”可知，本段主要介绍了“列出你需要做的事情”这一方法，故D项正确。20C根据上句中的“and then do one thing at a time”可以判断，空处介绍对安排的任务的检查情况，故C项切合文章。 【导学号：90892012】E(2016·长春市质量监测)Two biggest wealth in life: your talent and your time.Talent increases and time decreases.Our life，in a way，is trading time with talents.Wasting time means our time decreases while our talents do not increase. 21 Get to know how you use your usual time and make improvementsTake a week and write down what you do every 30 minutes every day and make it into categories.After a week's recording，you'll see which part consumes most of the time. 22 And you could come up with a revised timetable for your next week.Use fragment(碎片) time and “dead time”By time recording, you'll be amazed how much time you've wasted in waiting for the bus，queuing，walking，etc.You could really put that time to better use， 23 Use your fragment time for insignificant matters so that you could have more time for things that really matter. 24 There're always things to be done every day，and the thing we could do is to identify whether they're urgent or important.The things you need to do for the day rest only on the urgent as well as important things.Don't become slaves to urgent but unimportant things.Use the 20%80% principleAt the most efficient time，20% of time could generate 80% of efficiency and on the contrary，at the least efficient time，80% of time could only generate 20% of efficiency.We should be doing important work at the most efficient time.That time period differs from person to person， 25 Yet generally speaking，it's round 10 in the morning and 3 in the afternoon.After being familiar with those tips，the next thing would be to implement and hold on to it.Do the right thing at the right time，and we shall make our time to its fullest!Abut everyone has a peak effect timeBMake an analysis about the ways you could improve your efficiencyClike memorizing English words or making necessary phone callsDdepending on your mentality and physical conditionEThat is why we shall save every second and make it countFPick three things you must finish todayGFinish as many tasks as possible时间是人生最大的财富之一，那么该如何充分利用时间呢？本文为我们提供了几种充分利用时间的方法。21E根据上文的“Wasting time means our time decreases while our talents do not increase.”可知，我们不能浪费时间，应节约每一秒，让它过得有意义。故选E。22B根据上下文可知，通过记录一周的时间分配情况，找出大部分时间用于做什么，进行分析后确定如何更有效地利用时间，从而制订出合理的时间表。故选B。23C根据上文可知，应将等公交车、排队等时间利用起来，C项给出了两个利用这些时间的例子。故选C。24F此处为小标题，各小标题的格式应保持一致，该空应为祈使句；根据本段内容可知，做事要分主次，不能成为祈使句；根据本段内容可知，做事要分主次，不能成为紧急但却不重要的事情的奴隶。故选F。25D根据上文的“That time period differs from person to person”可知，高效时间段因人而异，要看个人的身体和精神状况。故选D。F(2016·山西省八校第一次联考)Poor sleep is associated with a range of heart problems，including high blood pressure and increased risk of heart attack.The question is how you can get the sleep you need. 26 Practice walking meditation (沉思)When we practice walking mediation，we begin to let go of that restlessness that may prevent sleep. 27 It can be exciting and work against your efforts to quiet your mind and fall asleep.When you slow it down，it can calm even the busiest mind and bring relief to that feeling I call “wired and tired” 28 This brings fresh blood back to the heart，so the heart doesn't have to pump so hard.In turn，it lowers blood pressure and the heart rate.It can be quite calming and relaxing when done right before bed.Avoid caffeine.Stop consuming caffeine after noon. 29 For those who are sensitive to caffeine，you may not be able to drink any without it disturbing sleep patterns.Reduce unnecessary stimulation(刺激)In addition to avoiding caffeine，it's important to reduce added stimulation such as heated conversations，spicy foods，heavy exercise，cleaning，or excessive work. 30 Deep and restful sleep is necessary to good health and the healing process.What do you find helps you to get a better night's sleep?ABut don't walk too fast.BNever take exercise too frequently.CRest with both your legs up the wall.DHere are the things I enjoy doing best of all.EKeep your bedroom in dark condition in general.FIt's known that caffeine has the desired effect of delaying sleep.GThis includes that latenight movie murder mystery or any other stimulating input.本文是一篇说明文。良好的睡眠对于健康来说是非常重要的。作者推荐了几种获得良好睡眠的方法。26D上文提到了问题，下文列举了一些做法。空处应起到承上启下的作用，故D项符合语境。27A上文说了walking meditation的作用，下文提到“work against your efforts.”，故空处说的应是“不要走太快”。故选A项。28C根据下文的“This brings fresh blood back to the heart”可知，空处应是建议倒立。故选C项。29F本段小标题是避免摄入咖啡因，空前说“中午过后不要摄入咖啡因”，故这里应说明咖啡因对人的消极影响。故选F项。30G根据本段小标题和文中的“.it's important to reduce added stimulation”可知，与之对应的是G项。