宾语补足语的用法.ppt

宾语补足语的用法1英语的五个基本结构英语的五个基本结构S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O1 O1 十十 O2 O2 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构说明：说明：S S主语；主语；V V谓语；谓语；P P表语；表语；OO宾语；宾语；O1O1间接宾语；间接宾语；O2O2直接宾语；直接宾语；C C宾语补足语宾语补足语 21 1SS十十十十VV句式句式句式句式HerunsquicklyHerunsquickly他跑得快。他跑得快。他跑得快。他跑得快。2 2SS十十十十V(link)V(link)十十十十PP句式：句式：句式：句式：ThestorysoundsinterestingThestorysoundsinteresting这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。3 3SS十十十十VV十十十十OO句式句式句式句式TheybuiltahouselastyearTheybuiltahouselastyear他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。4 4SS十十十十VV十十十十O1O1十十十十O2O2句式句式句式句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattomeHeofferedmehisseat/hisseattome他把座位让给我。他把座位让给我。他把座位让给我。他把座位让给我。5 5SS十十十十VV十十十十OO十十十十CC句式句式句式句式Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.Iwishyoutobehappy.Iwishyoutobehappy.TheynamedtheboyTheynamedtheboyCharlieCharlieIsawherchattingwithNancyIsawherchattingwithNancyHewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.Dontleavemebehind.Dontleavemebehind.3在英语语言中，一些及物动词后面除了跟宾语外，还需要有一个宾语补足语来对宾语进行补充说明，使其意义更加完整清楚。宾语与宾语补足语合起来称作复合宾语。4一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1 1、名词：、名词：、名词：、名词：WeelectedSmithourchairman.WeelectedSmithourchairman.TheynamedthecityLeningrad.TheynamedthecityLeningrad.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.注注注注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,call,name,name,elect,elect,make,make,think,think,appoint,appoint,choose,choose,find,find,consider,consider,keep,wish,feelkeep,wish,feel等。等。等。等。这这这这类类类类动动动动词词词词后后后后也也也也可可可可用用用用先先先先行行行行词词词词it it做做做做形形形形式式式式宾宾宾宾语语语语，而而而而把把把把真真真真正正正正的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语放放放放到到到到句句句句子子子子后面去。后面去。后面去。后面去。Hefeltishisdutytomentionthistoher.Hefeltishisdutytomentionthistoher.52 2、形容词：、形容词：、形容词：、形容词：Hedyedherhairbrown.Hedyedherhairbrown.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,believe,think,think,get,get,keep,keep,make,make,find,find,set,set,like,like,wish,wish,see,see,consider,consider,prove,have,leave,prove,have,leave,以及以及以及以及paint,drive,turn,cutpaint,drive,turn,cut等。等。等。等。一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：有时可用有时可用有时可用有时可用it it做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面去，构成复做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面去，构成复做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面去，构成复做形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到后面去，构成复合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句。合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句。合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句。合宾语的可以是不定式或是从句。Ifeltitnecessarytomakeeverythingclear.Ifeltitnecessarytomakeeverythingclear.6主语+及物动词+宾语+现在分词（作补语）ImsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsoImsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.long.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.AtthismomentshenoticedtheteacherAingin.加现在分词作宾补的动词有：加现在分词作宾补的动词有：see,hear,smell,see,hear,smell,feel,keep,watch,leave,get,catch,imagine,like,feel,keep,watch,leave,get,catch,imagine,like,start,remember,hate.start,remember,hate.7主语+及物动词+宾语+过去分词（作补语）HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.这类动词主要有：这类动词主要有：make,keep,leave,feel,find,have,hear,watch,see84 4、动词不定式：、动词不定式：、动词不定式：、动词不定式：Remindmetowritethatletter,willyou?Remindmetowritethatletter,willyou?Heurgedmetojointheircompany.Heurgedmetojointheircompany.Atthemeetingtheyinvitedmetospeak.Atthemeetingtheyinvitedmetospeak.这这这这类类类类动动动动词词词词包包包包括括括括：adviceadvice，get,get,allow,allow,invite,invite,force,force,oblige,oblige,hate,hate,wish,wish,permit,order,bringpermit,order,bring注：注：注：注：在某些动词后，这类不定式只限用在某些动词后，这类不定式只限用在某些动词后，这类不定式只限用在某些动词后，这类不定式只限用tobetobe这种形式这种形式这种形式这种形式Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.Doyouconsiderthattobeimportant?Doyouconsiderthattobeimportant?Shefoundthistobetrueinallthecitiesshevisited.Shefoundthistobetrueinallthecitiesshevisited.9主语+及物动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（作补语）We can let this go on.I saw Martins face go pale.这类动词主要有：make,let,have,saw,hear,notice watch,fell,help这类词变被动的时候后面要加toHe was made to recite the whole poem.He was seen to fall.106此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：语补足语，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.11二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：1 1、当当当当名名名名词词词词、形形形形容容容容词词词词、副副副副词词词词和和和和介介介介词词词词短短短短语语语语充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时，它它它它们们们们和和和和宾宾宾宾语语语语之之之之间间间间有有有有着着着着逻逻逻逻辑辑辑辑上上上上的的的的主主主主谓谓谓谓关关关关系系系系（或或或或称称称称表表表表语语语语关关关关系系系系），若若若若无无无无宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语，则则则则句句句句意意意意不不不不完完完完整整整整。宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语说说说说明明明明宾宾宾宾语语语语的的的的情情情情况况况况、性性性性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：YouYoushouldshouldkeepkeepyouryourroomroomcleancleanandandtidy.tidy.(Your(Yourroomroomisiscleancleanandtidy.)andtidy.)WeWecouldcouldhearhearthethechildrenchildrenatatplayplayoutside.outside.(The(Thechildrenchildrenareatplayoutside.)areatplayoutside.)12二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：3 3、当当当当过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时，它它它它与与与与宾宾宾宾语语语语之之之之间间间间有有有有着着着着动动动动宾宾宾宾关关关关系系系系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)13三三三三、在在在在用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词或或或或不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词中中中中，有有有有些些些些只只只只能能能能用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语；有有有有些些些些只只只只能能能能用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语；还还还还有有有有的的的的动动动动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1 1、只只只只能能能能用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词有有有有：catch,catch,keep,keep,mind,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuseprevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：等。例如：等。例如：等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2 2、只只只只能能能能用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词有有有有：wish,wish,desire,desire,expect,expect,love,love,prefer,prefer,trust,trust,encourage,encourage,let,let,allow,allow,permit,permit,mean,mean,lead,lead,bring,bring,put,put,hurry,hurry,cause,cause,remind,remind,ask,ask,invite,invite,beg,beg,request,request,worry,worry,advise,advise,persuade,persuade,callcallon,on,tell,tell,order,order,command,command,require,require,make,make,force,force,drive,drive,forbid,forbid,warn,warn,help,help,teach,teach,show,show,assist,assist,report,report,bear,bear,waitwaitforfor/think,think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declaretake,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。等。等。等。3 3、既既既既能能能能用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词又又又又可可可可用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词有有有有：see,see,watch,watch,notice,notice,looklook at,at,observe,observe,listenlisten to,to,hear,hear,feel,feel,have,have,imagine,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leavediscover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。等。等。等。14四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 toto 的取舍问题：的取舍问题：的取舍问题：的取舍问题：1 1、在在在在hear,hear,listenlistento,to,let,let,have,have,make,make,see,see,watch,watch,notice,notice,observeobserve等等等等动动动动词后的不定式需省去词后的不定式需省去词后的不定式需省去词后的不定式需省去toto。2 2、feelfeel一词，跟一词，跟一词，跟一词，跟tobetobe型不定式带型不定式带型不定式带型不定式带toto；跟；跟；跟；跟todotodo型不定式不带型不定式不带型不定式不带型不定式不带toto。3 3、helphelp一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带toto，也可以不带，也可以不带，也可以不带，也可以不带toto。（请参见（请参见（请参见（请参见“动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式”一节）一节）一节）一节）15五五五五、在在在在复复复复合合合合宾宾宾宾语语语语中中中中，宾宾宾宾语语语语通通通通常常常常为为为为名名名名词词词词或或或或代代代代词词词词，但但但但有有有有时时时时也也也也可可可可以以以以用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式（短短短短语语语语）、动动动动名名名名词词词词（短短短短语语语语）或或或或thatthat从从从从句句句句来来来来充充充充当当当当。这这这这时时时时，应应应应使使使使用用用用先先先先行行行行it it代代代代替替替替宾宾宾宾语语语语，而而而而将将将将真真真真正正正正的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语移移移移到到到到句句句句子子子子的后部，如：的后部，如：的后部，如：的后部，如：Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.注注注注意意意意：在在在在这这这这种种种种结结结结构构构构中中中中，宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语通通通通常常常常为为为为名名名名词词词词或或或或形形形形容容容容词词词词；常常常常用用用用于这种结构的动词有：于这种结构的动词有：于这种结构的动词有：于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,considerfeel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。等。等。等。16Practice17单句改错1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand.2.We all elected Jason the monitor.3.The teacher asked us not make so much noise.4.-What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!5.-During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.understoodtowarm185.Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6.He pushed the door opening.7.She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.8.With a lot of difficult problems settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9.When I came in,I found a boy hide behind the door.10.It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith191.Tellhim_thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshutB.2.-Theresaholeinyourbag.C.-Iknow,Imgoingtohaveit_.D.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemendedE.3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayF.hewasmade_byhislittlesister.G.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cryH.4.Theywouldnotallowhim_acrosstheenemyline.I.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoJ.C.forrisktogoD.riskgoing单项选择单项选择20205.Ifoundthedoor_whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.openB.6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,butC.hismothertoldhim_.D.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donottoE.7.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.F.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonG.8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-H.electedpresidentishavingahardtime.I.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartB.C.tostartingD.tostart212110.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill_.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeatingB.11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_yourbadtooth.C.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingoutD.12.Hemanagedtomakehimself_withhis_English.E.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenF.C.understood;breakingD.understood;brokenG.13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound_.H.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing2222Thank you23Thank you!24