中介作用理论

Introduction The theory of mediation was proposed and developed by Vygotsky,a Russian psychologist and Feuerstein,an Israel psychologist and educator.第1页/共13页Vygotskys viewpoint For Vygotsky and his followers,mediation refers to the use of“tools”.Tools in this sense refer to anything that is used in order to help solve a problem or achieve a goal.The most important of these tools is symbolic language.For these theorists,the use of mediational language to help learners move into and through their zone of proximal development(ZPD)最近发展区is particular significant.第2页/共13页Feuersteins viewpointFeuerstein suggests that right from birth a childs learning is shaped by the intervention of significant adults.He refers to these important figures in the childs learning as mediators and mediating adults,and experiences that they provide as mediated learning experiences.第3页/共13页Key features of mediation Feuerstein identifies 12 features of mediation.The first three features are considered by Feuerstein to be essential for all learning tasks.The other nine are important and helpful,but they do not necessarily apply to all tasks,and depend to some extent on the situation and culture in which the learning is taking place.第4页/共13页Here are the 12 featuresSignificance Purpose beyond the here and nowShared intentionA sense of competence Control of own behavior Goal-setting Challenge Awareness of change A belief in positive outcomesSharing Individuality A sense of belonging 第5页/共13页Classification of themAccording to Williams book,they are classified into three groups:The first three featuresFactors concerned with taking control of learning 1.Factors concerned with fostering social development第6页/共13页The first three featuresSignificance Purpose beyond the here and nowShared intention第7页/共13页Factors concerned with taking control of learning A sense of competence Control of own behavior Goal-setting Challenge Awareness of change A belief in positive outcomes第8页/共13页Factors concerned with fostering social developmentSharing Individuality A sense of belonging第9页/共13页Application of mediation theoryFor example:a task about telling apart two similar pictures.What mediation purpose can this activity serve?Value and purpose beyond here and nowControl of behavior Goal-setting and challengeSharing 第10页/共13页Investigating mediation in language classroomsWarren designed a questionnaire for teachers to use to evaluate their own mediation in language classes.Williams and Burden designed a questionnaire seeking to investigate teachers perceptions of the different features of mediation.And so on.第11页/共13页第12页/共13页感谢您的观看！第13页/共13页