美国文学选读复习.ppt

美国文学选读复习PPT,By 橙子不酸233,题型：,一、连线题（10） 作家、作品 二、单选（30） 作品内容、文学常识、流派、写作技巧 三、填空（40） 20个空，经典文本的重点章节解读。 四、识别文本并评论（20）,1)Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫华尔多艾默生,超验主义哲学Transcendentalism；人文主义Humanism 作品： 论自然Nature 论美国学者 The American scholar 神学院致辞 The Divinity school address 论文集Essays：Frist Series&.Second 人类代表 Representative men 英国特征 English Traits 人生的行为the conduct of life 诗集Poems 五月节 May-Day and other pieces,1)Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫华尔多艾默生,Self-reliance 论自立选自Essays论文集 “不论在何处，社会总是阴谋反对每一个社会成员的阳刚之气，.要想做一个男子汉，首先就要做一个拒绝随波逐流的人。” 惧怕舆论和强迫自己始终如一就只会使自己的创造力和独创精神丧失殆尽。,2）Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔霍桑,心理分析小说（Psychological novel）的开创者；浪漫主义作家Romanticism 作品： 范肖 Fanshawe 故事重述 Twice-told tales 古宅青苔 Mosses from an old manse 带有七个尖角阁的房子the house of the seven gables 福谷传奇 The blithedale Romance 玉石雕像 The Marble Faun 红字 the scarlet letter,2）Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔霍桑,【Style and theme】 Much of Hawthomes writing centers around New England,many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration.His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic Movement and more specifically,dark Romanticism.His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity,and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity.,2）Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔霍桑,红字：The severity of the Puritanic code of law A-Adulteryangle able 为什么女主把胸前的A绣得那么精美？ 1、love for A 2、She knows that she was guilty,it means sin. 人物： 女主：Hester Prynne 丈夫：Arthur Chillingworth 情人：Rodger Dimmesdale 女儿：Pearl “The kingdom of heaven is like merchants in search of fine pearls;on fingding one pearl of great value he went and sold all he had and bought it.”,3）Herman Melville 赫尔曼梅尔维尔,象征主义文学大师Symbolism 白鲸 Moby Dick 泰比Typee 欧穆Omoo 玛地Mardi 雷德本 Redburn 白外衣 White Jacket 骗子的化装表演 The confidence man 战事集Battle Pieces 约翰玛尔和其他水手 John Marr and other sailors 提摩里昂Timoleon 11毕利伯德Billy Budd,4）Henry David Thoreau 亨利大卫梭罗,超验主义代表人：Transcendentalism，it was romantic idealism on Puritan soil.分为四个内容 1、oversoul、spiritual power超灵 2、Truimph of Intuition over senses 3、exaltation of the individual over society 4、new and thrilling delight in nature 作品： 论公民的不服从 On the duty of Civil Disobedience 马萨诸塞州的奴隶制 瓦尔登湖Walden American Renaissance-the first American intellectual movements,exerting a tremendous impact on the consciousness of Americans.,4）Henry David Thoreau 亨利大卫梭罗,Walden：瓦尔登湖 setting： 19th Am.Walden-a quiet dwelling beside a lake,away from the Industrilized Am, Plot: a self-sufficient living-simple,free,close to nature,whole,healthy. Theme: a green life,5)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利沃兹沃斯朗费罗,浪漫主义诗人 Romanticism 夜吟 Voices of the Night 歌谣及其他Ballads and Other poems 伊凡杰林Evangeline 海华沙之歌The song of Hiawatha I shot an arrow 我射出一支箭&A psalm of life人生颂,5)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利沃兹沃斯朗费罗-Romanticism,I shot an arrow 我射出一支箭&A psalm of life人生颂 主题：Life is not a dream,seize the day but hold on your patience-“Learn to labor and to wait”. 抑扬格 iambic（unstressed-stressed） 四音步 tetrameter,6）Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加艾伦坡,【作者简介】 Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet,short-story writer,editor and literary critic,and is considered part of the American Romantic Movement. 【Romanticism】 is a complex artistic,literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe,and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution.It was partly a revolt against aristocratic,social and political norms of the Age of Enlightment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature,and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts,music and literature.,6）Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加艾伦坡,诗歌： 帖木儿Tamerlane and other poems 艾尔阿拉夫 Al araaf 诗集 Poems 乌鸦The Raven Sonnet-To Science十四行诗，致科学,6）Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加艾伦坡,小说 述异集 Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 故事集 Tales 厄舍大厦的倒塌 The fall of the house of Usher 红色死亡假面舞会 The Masque of the Red Death 莉盖亚 Ligeia 黑猫 The black cat 阿芒提拉多的酒桶 the cask of Amontillado 莫格街谋杀案 Murders in the Rue Morgue 被窃的信件The Purloined Letter 金甲虫The Gold Bug 理论 11 创作哲学The philosophy of composition 12 诗歌原理the poetic principle,6）Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加艾伦坡,Sonnet-To Science十四行诗，致科学 主题：Under the traditional Shakespearean sonnet structure,Poe expresses accusations of science.Its spoken through the vision of a passionate man mourning the slaughter of mythology,fantasy,art by its alleged arch enemy,Science. Science is portrayed as evil and words like “preyest“,“Vulture“,and “torn“ are used to describe science negative impact on mankind. 抑扬格 五音步：iambic pentameter,7) Walt Whitman 沃尔特惠特曼,自由诗（free verse）创始人，人文主义者Humanism 作品： 草叶集 Leaves of Grass 我歌唱自我 Ones self I sing -free man;American spirit 主题：Human is the wonder of China,8)Emily Dickinson艾米丽迪金森,Romanticism To make a prairie 要描绘一片草原 Theme： Imagination Success is counted sweetest Theme： people tend to desire more acutely things when they dont have them.,9)MarkTwain 马克吐温,乡土特色（local color）；口语体发端人；批判现实主义Critical realism 卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙The celebrated jumping frog of calaveras county 傻瓜出国记 The Innocents Abroad 镀金时代 The Gilded Age 汤姆索亚历险记The adventures of Tom Sawyer 密西西比河上Life on Mississippi 哈克贝里费恩历险记The adventures of Huckleberry Finn 亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国佬A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court 傻瓜威尔逊The tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson 败坏了哈德莱堡的人The man taht corrupted Hadleyburg 10、百万英镑 The Million Pound Note,10)Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬克莱恩,Realism 街头女郎麦姬Maggie：the girl of the streets 红色英雄勋章The red badge of courage 新娘来到黄天镇The bride comes to Yellow Sky 蓝色旅馆 The Blue Hotel 海上扁舟 The open boat,10)Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬克莱恩-Realism,海上扁舟 The open boat- not be sheltered 写作手法： 自然主义和印象主义 naturalism & impressionism 人物： 厨子The cook、油工The oiler、记者correspondent、船长 captain representing difference classes in society：leader、worker、intellectual and so on.,10)Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬克莱恩-Realism,海上扁舟 The open boat- place： dingy-地球-small,crowded, in great danger. on the sea-宇宙-roaring,tempestuous,dangerous and indifferent. 结局： The oiler died,while others survived. 主题: Nature is indifferent,but we human beings can be sympathetic and supportive and caring to each other.,10)Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬克莱恩-Realism,8 cigars Why cigars？Why not keys?Coins?Pens? -Cigar smoking- one of the earliest hobbie of man enjoyment,bliss of living.Why the number 8? Why 4 dry and 4 wet? -4-4:each of the survivors would have 1 dry and 1 wet cigar-Their chance of being saved and drowned is half and half. 8:resurrection,11)Sherwood Anderson舍伍德安德森,作品： 着墨于人物内心活动与冲突 1）Windy McPhersons son 饶舌的麦克佛逊的儿子 2）Winesburg 俄亥俄州的温斯堡镇（小镇畸人） 4）The triumph of the egg鸡蛋的胜利 4）前进中的人们 Marching Men 5）穷白人 Poor White 6）马与人 Horses and Mne 7）多种婚姻 Many Marriage 8）阴沉的笑声 Dark Laughter 9）超越欲望 Beyond Desire 10）林中之死 Death in the Woods,11)Sherwood Anderson舍伍德安德森,The triumph of the egg-文体简洁朴实，口语化 Egg refers to material and zeronothing 人物： I& father&mother&Joe Kane Father is the victim of Ameirican（Dollar）Dream. Mother is a teacher,representing knowledge. Americna Dream（freedom，faith and wealth）deteriorated Am.Dream（20C初，more materialistic.）,12)F.Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德-The Jazz Age,爵士时代和迷惘一代流派代言人；The Jazz Age；The Lost Generation 作品： 人间天堂This side of paradise 漂亮的冤家 The beautiful and the damned 姑娘们与哲学家们Flappers and Philosophers. 爵士乐时代的故事Tales of the Jazz Age 夜色温柔 Tender is the Night 崩溃 The Crack-up 了不起的盖茨比The great Gatsby,12)F.Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德-The Jazz Age,The Jazz Age:1920s beginning with the end of WWI in 1919,ending with the Great Depression in 1929. Roaring twenties: A period of sustained economic prosperity in which jazz music and dance styles became popular. The spirit of the Roaring Twenties was marked by a general feeling of descontinuty and a break with traditions.,12)F.Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德-The Jazz Age,The influence of Jazz: to rebel against the traditional culture of previous generations. women smoking cigarettes,free talk about sex,and new radio concerts. Traditionalists were against at what they considered the breakdown of morality,promoting promiscuity.,12)F.Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德-The Jazz Age,The Great Gatsby- A portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties 人物： Nick Carraway: A Yale graduate,a veteran,from the mid west to NY,narrator Jay Gatsby: from the mid west,in NY,mysterious millionaire,bootlegging alcohol,in desperate love with Daisy(Crime-idealism) Daisy: from mid west,married a millionaire in NY,attractive,shallow,self-absorbed.,12)F.Scott Fitzgerald菲茨杰拉德-The Jazz Age,主题： Fitzgerald “has come to be associated with this concept of the American Dream more than any other writer of the 20th C.“ a “cautionary tale of the decadent downside of the American dream“ disillusionment with the American Dream-life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. exploring the trails and tribulations of achieving the great American Dream during the Jazz Age.,13）William Faulkner 威廉福克纳,作品：关注南方穷白人 stream of consciousness意识流作家 大理石牧神 The Marble Faun 士兵的报酬 Soldiers pay 蚊群 Mosquitoes 喧嚣与骚动 The Sound and the fury 我弥留之际 As I lay dying 八月之光 light in August 押沙龙，押沙龙！ Absalom，Absalom！,13）William Faulkner 威廉福克纳,著名小说 意识流 stream of consciousness 沙多里斯Sartoris 村子 The Hamlet 小镇 The Town 大宅 The Mansion 烧牲口棚 Barn Burning,13）William Faulkner 威廉福克纳,烧牲口棚 Barn Burning- 人物： Sarty：the son，suffer from telling the truth,and finally expose what his father did. Harris: the father,southern poor white，refuse to change,13）William Faulkner 威廉福克纳,Southern Literature （literature of the American South）南方文学 is defined as American literature about the Southern United States or by writers from this southern literature include a focus on a common Southern history,the significance of family,a sense of conmmunity and ones role within it,a sense of justice,the regions dominant religion(Christianity-see Protestantism) and the burdens/rewards religion often brings,issues of racial tension,land and the promise it brings,a sense of social class and place,and the use of the Southern dialect.,14)Ernest Hemingway厄内斯特海明威,作品： 冰山原则The Iceberg Theory 迷惘的一代 the lost generation代表作家 永别了，武器 A farewell to arms 在我们的时代里In Our time 太阳照常升起 The sun also rises 丧钟为谁而鸣 For Whom the bell tolls 老人与海 The old man and the sea,14)Ernest Hemingway额内斯特海明威,minimalistic style: Journalistic writing,particularly for newpapers,focuses only on events being reported,omitting superfluous and extraneous matter,focusing on surface elememts without explicitly discussing the underlying themes. ,14)Ernest Hemingway额内斯特海明威,The Iceberg Theory(the theory of omission) is the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. “You could omit anything if you knew that you omitted and the omitted part would strengthen the story and make people feel sth more than they understood.“ “If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about,he may omit things that he konws and the reader,if the writer is writing truly enough,wil have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eight of it being above water.“,15）20th C American poets,Ezra Pound 埃兹拉庞德 意象主义 Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear,sharp language. The Imagists rejected the sentiment and discursiveness typical of much Romantic and Victorian Poetry. Imagism called for directness of presentation and economy of language,as well as a willingness to experiment with non-traditional forms.,15）20th C American poets,Ezra Pound 埃兹拉庞德 作品： 狂喜 Exultations 人物 Personae 中国 Cathay 诗章 Cantos In a station of the metro在一个地铁车站【文本分析P188】,15）20th C American poets,Robert Frost罗伯特弗罗斯特 新英格兰哲理诗 作品： 火与冰 Fire and Ice-Criticism of Human nature 雪夜林边驻足 Stopping by Woods on a snowy evening-对理想的坚定，拒绝诱惑 The road not taken-Everyone has only one life to live,16）The Black Literary 黑人文学,Langston Hughes 兰斯顿休斯-黑人文学作家；哈莱姆文艺复兴的领袖 作品： 萎靡的布鲁斯 The Weary Blues 抵押给犹太人的好衣服Fine clothes to the Jew 梦乡人 The Dream keeper 哈莱姆的莎士比亚 Shakspeare in Harlem 我与骡子Me and the Mule-我与骡子都是混血，hybrid；同被奴役，slavery。 此诗用于唤醒黑人同胞的觉醒，to wake up black beings,16）The Black Literary 黑人文学,Ralph Waldo Ellsion拉尔夫华尔多埃利森黑人文学作家 作品： 影子与行动 Shadow and Act 走向领域 Going to the territory 看不见的人Invisible Man,16）The Black Literary 黑人文学,Toni Morrison 托尼莫里森 黑人女小说家，诺贝尔文学奖得主 作品： 在黑暗中游戏：白色与文学想象 Playing in the dark：whiteness and the literary imagination 最蓝的眼睛 The Bluest eye 秀拉 Sula 所罗门之歌Song of solomon 柏油孩子 Tar Baby 宠儿 Beloved 爵士乐Jazz 天堂 Paradise 爱Love 恩惠 A mercy,17）Tennessee Williams田纳西威廉斯,代表作： A streetcar named Desire欲望号街车 Cat on A Hot Tim Roof 热铁皮屋顶上的猫,19）Arthur Miller阿瑟米勒,作品：美国梦系列 全是我儿子 All my sons 炼狱 The Crucible 桥头眺望 A view from the bridge 堕落之后 After the fall 大主教的天花板 The Archibishops ceiling 不合时宜的人 The misfits 推销员之死 Death of a salesman,