GreatBritainHistory大不列颠历史解析

Great-Britain-Great-Britain-HistoryHistory大不列颠历史解大不列颠历史解析析CeltsWho were the Celts?European tribes When did they come to Britain?Between 750 and 100 B.C.What did they contribute to British society/culture?Began trade with the continentAncient civilization,language(Gaelic)Roman Occupation(55 B.C 410 A.D.)Julius Caesar and the Romans invaded BritainRoman influence was a threat to hill dwellers(Celts)in Wales and ScotlandRomans built Hadrians Wall to keep back revolting tribes in ScotlandHow did the Romans influence British society?Roman occupation lasted for almost 350 yearsBuilt roads(trade routes)Language(alphabet)Anglo-Saxon Times(410-871 A.D.)Who were the Anglo-Saxons?Germanic TribesSpoke what is now known as“Old English”Defeated the CeltsPushed them into the mountains of Wales,Scotland,and across to IrelandAnglo-Saxon TimesWhy are they important?Created a“Nation of the English”Different tribes lacked unity,divided into many different kingdomsFinally united against Vikings in 8th CenturyLanguage contributionsBrought Christianity to BritainInvasion of Vikings and Danish RuleWho were the Vikings?Vikings(Northern warriors)invaded EnglandMost came from Norway or DenmarkWho is King Alfred?Anglo-Saxon KingDefeated Vikings Unified Anglo-SaxonsConsidered the first national heroNorman ConquestWho were the Normans?People from FranceEventually replaced Anglo-Saxon rulers.The Battle of Hastings was a war to decide who would be king.Harold,was from Wessex(Britain)William the Conqueror,was from Normandy(France)Who won the Battle of Hastings?In 1066,William the Conqueror was the first Norman kingWilliam introduced feudalism to BritainMagna CartaMagna Carta was the first document forced onto an English King by a group of his subjects in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privilegesWhy was the Magna Carta important?Took some power away from the kingProtected the interests of the feudal lordsGranted townspeople freedom of trade and self-governmentBeginning of ParliamentHow did Parliament develop in Britain?King called meetings with his vassalsAs the merchant class grew,they wanted more representation 1295-“Model Parliament”included:Representatives from the upper classRepresentatives from the merchant class Why is Parliament important to British society?Limits the power of the KingAllows representation from many different social classesThe Hundred Years WarWho fought?French and the EnglishFighting finally ended in 1453England won,but the British rule was eventually returned to FranceWhat were the effects of this war?Both France and England began to focus on their internal problemsThe Wars of the RosesWhy did they fight?They wanted control of BritainBoth families believed they had the right to control England By 1485,the Wars of the Roses were overHow did these wars influence British history?The old feudal barons killed one anotherThe Wars of the Roses marked the end of feudalismPaved the road for the strong rule of the Tudor KingsWho fought these wars?Two powerful families(Houses of Lancaster and York)The Church of EnglandIn the 1500s,King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church.New church known as the Church of EnglandOften referred to as Anglican ChurchTransition to Democracy1640s Oliver Cromwell abolishes Monarchy and rules with Parliament.Ruled for 11 years.After Cromwells death,monarchy is restored,but a slow transition into democratic government occurs until it is completely established during Victorian era(1800s)结束结束