人教八上第一单元到第三单元知识点

1.复合不定代词构成 :由 some， any， everyone， no 加上 one， body ， thing 构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。具体见下表 :onebodythingsomesomeonesomebodysomethinganyanyoneanybodyanythingeveryeveryoneanybodyanythingnono onenobodynothing2.用法 :There is someone outside the door.门外有个人。I dont have anything to say today.我今天没有任何事想说。Money isnt everything.金钱不是所有。3.复合不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词要放在复合不定代词后面。这和一般的形容词修饰名词，形容词要放在名词前不一样。形容词修饰普通名词: There is a beatuiful girl standing under the tree.形容词修饰复合不定代词:I have something importantto tell you.There is nothing wrong with radio.4.复合不定代词表示单数概念，做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everything begins to grow in spring.5.some_不定代词通常用于肯定句中，而any_不定代词则多用于否定句和疑问句中。但在表示请求，建议等的疑问句中，一般用some_的不定代词。Would you like something to drink?（2019?济南） _Sir，_calledyou just now.I told him to phone again.20minutes later._Ok.Thanks， Nancy.A.someoneB.nobodyC.anyoneD.everyone（ 2019?广西来宾） _Dear classmates，may I have your attention ，please? I have _ to.tellyou .Aimportant somethingB importantanything Csomething important Danything important.1._Do you have _ to say for yourself?_No， I have _ to say.A something ； everythingB nothing ； somethingC everything ； anythingDanything ； nothing2._would you like _ to eat?_Yes， please.A somethingBanythingC some thingsDany things3.Water is important to _ ， so there are many water festivals around the world.AeveryoneBnobodyCsomebodyDsomething二.一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词第 1页1.规则动词过去式的构成和发音一般的动词直接加 ed以字母 e 结尾的动词只加 d以辅音字母加 y 结尾 变 y 为 i，再加 ed 的动词重读闭音节结尾的动先 双 写 这 个 辅 音 字词，末尾只有一个辅母，再加 ed.音字母watch watchedhelp helpedwork workedlove lovedarrive arrivedlive livedstudy studiedcrycriedworry worriedshop shoppedstop stopped读音规则: 清辅音后读 /t/ ；浊辅音和元音后读 /d/ ；辅音 /t/ 与/d/ 后读 /id/2.不规则动词的过去式的变化各异。需要特殊记忆。必须牢记。（1）动词的过去式和动词原形一样let letput putread readcut cut（2）遇见 i 改为 aswim swamsing sangbegin begansit satgive gavedrink drank口诀 :游泳唱歌后开始坐下来给点喝的吧i 就变为 a（ 3）过去式以 ought 和 aught 结尾的单词bring broughtbuy boughtthink thoughtcatch caughtteach taught（4）中间去 e 末尾加 tfeel feltkeep kept sleepsleptsweep swept（5）把 i 变为 oride rodedrive drove writewrote（6） ow/aw变为 ewknow knewgrow grewthrow threwdraw drew八年级上册第142 页不规则动词表需要听写。每天听好。 吧不规则动词表打印出来让学生默写。（7）以 d 结尾的单词，把d 变为 tbuild builtlend lentsend sentspend spent（ 2019?北京） _Where did you go last weekend?_I_ to the Great Wall.A goB went第 2页C will doD have gone_Your brother is an excellent basketball player.So he is.He _ to play basketball three years ago.A beginsBbeganCbeginningDto begin第 3页unit2How often do you exercise ?1.频度副词的含义（1）表示事情发生频率的副词称为频度副词，常用的频度副词有always， usually， often ，sometimes ， seldom，hardly ，hardly ever ，never，事情发生的频率是否频繁，这些频度副词的差异体现在哪里。（2）表示具体的频率， 次数时，一次用 once，两次用 twice ，三次及三次已上用基数词+times，讲一下这里的time 是啥意思。2.频度副词在句中的位置放在实义动词前，be 动词，助动词或者情态动词之后，有时为了强调，也可以放在句首。Wenever eatjunk food.Lucy is sometime very busy.Usually my fathergets up early.3.对频度副词进行提问，用how oftenHow often do you exercise?Hardly ever._Do you know the famous basketball player Kobe has said goodbye to the NBA?_Yes.I m afraid.I will_ see him on screen.A sometimesBoftenCalwaysD seldomHow s Susan?Oh， I _see her becauseshe lives abroad.A always BoftenCalmostD hardly1. He is the first to get to school every day. He is _ late for school.A alwaysB oftenC sometimesDnever2 Ms.Lin is very popular with the.students.Yes. Her students are _livelyvand interesting.AalwaysBsometimesC hardlyD never3.We _play sports on school days . You know， we dont have enough time.A oftenBusuallyChardlyDever4.I dontkonwyou take a bus to school.Oh， I _ take a bus， but it is snowing today.AhardlyBoftenCsometimesDusually5._ do you have an English test?Once a monthA How oftenBhow longChowsoon第 4页Unit 3I m more outgoing than my sister形容词和副词的比较级1.形容词，副词比较级的含义形容词和副词的比较级表示更.，用于两者之间的比较，说明前者比后者更.那为啥要强调两者之间的比较，因为三者或者三者以上的比较，需要用到最高级2.形容词，副词的比较级的构成（ 1）规则变化分类构成方式示例一般情况在词尾加 ertall tallerfast faster以字母 e 结尾的词在词尾加 rnicenicer重读闭音节词词尾只有一个先双写改辅音字母，再加 erthin thinner辅音字母wet wetterfat fatter辅音字母 +y 结尾的双音节词先变 y 为 i，再加 ereasy easilyearlyearily多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加 moreinterestingmoreinterestingcomfortablemorecomfortablebeautiful more beautiful第 5页（ 2）不规则变化部分不规则形容词或副词的比较级 : good/well betterbad/badly wrosemany/much morelittle lessfar farther/furtherold older/elder3.比较级常用句型结构（ 1）甲 +be+形容词比较级 +than+乙甲+实义动词 +副词比较级 +than+乙Tom is taller than Kate.I got up earlier than my mother .I play basketball better than John.（ 2）甲 +be +倍数 +形容词比较级 +than+乙或甲+实义动词 +倍数 +副词比较级 +than+乙This room is three times bigger than that one.（3）甲 +be+the +形容词比较级+of the two（ +.）表示甲是两者中较.的My brother is the taller of the two boys.（ 4)" 比较级 +and 比较级 "或者 "more and more+ 原级 "表示越来越 .The day is getting cooler and coolerThe flowers are more and more beautiful.（ 5） the + 比较级， the+比较级表示越 .，越 .The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.（6）疑问词 +be+形容词比较级，甲or 乙 ?Which is bigger ， the earth or the moon?4.常见的修饰形容词比较级的前置词（1） much/a lot/far+ 形容词比较级表示加深比较程度，.得多He felt a lot better today.（2） a bit/a little+ 形容词比较级，表示稍微 .I m a little taller than him.（3） even形容词比较级，表示甚至.，更加 .This bookis even more uesful than that one.1.Although we are twins ， Im _ than my brother.A outgoingB more outgoingC most outgoingD the most outgoing.2.If more people give up driving cars ，the air will get much_ in a few years.AcleanBcleanerCthecleanerD the cleanest.3._Time is money._But I think time is _money.Aas important asB more important asCthe most important inD more important than4._What do you think of Toms speech?第 6页_No one does _in ourclass.AgoodBbetterCwellDbest5.The more you smile ，the _ you will feel.A happyBhappierChappilyD more happily6.Who is _， Tom or.Jim?A outgoingB more heavyCthinnerD hard working7.I am sorry this coat is not big enough. I want a _ one.A biggerBbigCsmallerDsmall第 7页