考研考博-英语-南昌航空大学考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌航空大学考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Five Ways to Show Emotional Intelligence In a Job Interview The World Economic Forum,in its Future of Job Report,has indicated that Emotional Intelligence will be number six of the top ten job skills required by 2020.Awareness of this in organizations has greatly increased interest in hiring people with high emotional intelligence as well as boosting emotional intelligence amongst existing staff.Here are five ways to demonstrate emotional intelligence in a job interview:41.Take a cue from professional athletes when they are interviewed after a win or achievement.They always credit their team mates,their team,rather than taking personal accolades.When asked about a project that you are proud of,or that was successful!be sure to share credit with the team,unit and others that were involved in the project.Make it clear that you are proud to be a member of the group that was involved in the success.This gives more credibility to you being a team player than if you simply claim that you are;which everyone does.42.The typical answer that we were told in the past was to talk about something that is actually a strength.For example,claiming to be a perfectionist,or becoming too involved in your job,which can be seen as strengths by an employer.These answers do not cut it anymore,as interviewers are looking for something more substantial.When disclosing a flaw,be sure to indicate what you are actively doing to work on this and give examples of making progress.Interviewers know that we all have weaknesses and suspect that we may try to hide those in the interview.As long as your shortcoming does not raise any red flags,being honest,open and genuine will help gain their trust and respect.43 For this question,raiher than only focusing on your qualifications or technical ability,talk about your ability ro work well wiih others in a teamwork setting.Your ability to adapt to change,setbacks and work well with co-workers and customers is important to bring up.Instead of simply mentioning these things,be prepared to come up with examples of when you had to use those skills.Perhaps there was conflict within your unit,or you had to deal with a furious customer.Talk about how you used your soft skills to effectively deal with these situations.44.The worst thing you can do in this case is to blame others for the situation.State what happened but avoid casting blame.What the interviewer wants to know is how you reacted and if you did anything to improve the situation.ir asked what your part in it was,be prepared to accept your share of the responsibility but speak in terms of what you would've done differently looking back on the situation.Interviewers expect people to make mistakes,but wam to know if you are someone who learns from their mistakes and takes away the lesson.45.At the end of an interview,we are typically asked if we have any questions.Ask questions about the culture,values of an organization and what it takes for people to be successful in it.Bring up any positive experiences with people in their organization or their customers you have had in the past and your observations.It will show that you are not only interested in a job but are looking to see how you will fit into the company,43选？A.Are You a Team Player?B.What Did You Do When Things Went Off the Rails?C.What Are You Most Proud Of?D.What Are Your Strengths?E.What Questions Do You Have For Me?F.What Are Your Weaknesses?G.How Would You Deal With a Furious Customer?答案：D 本题解析：本段开门见出直接建议求职者应以具体例子来说明自身的适应能力和团队合作能力，并举例说明，即本段针对”求职者如何谈论自身优点”提议，D.“你的长处是什么”与此相符strengtlls是对段中qualifications or technical ability/ability to.（soft）skills的概括。解题技巧G中deal with a furious customer在段中复现，但该处是用于说明段落大意的例证细节（Perhaps.or），无法概括全段。2.It should not be a surprise.Loneliness and social isolation are on the rise,1 many to call it an epidemic.In recent decades the number of people with zero 2 has tripled,and most adults do not 3 a local community group.4,more than one-third ofAmericans over the age of45 report feeling lonely,with 5 especially high among those under 25 and over 65 years old."We live in the most technologically 6 age in the history of civilization,"writes former U.S.Surgeon General Vivek H.Murthy,"7 rates ofloneliness have doubled since the 1980s."While this 8 trend has grown,so has understanding ofits impact.By now the evidence is abundant and 9:social connection significantly affects health.When you believe that you have people in your life who l0 you,and you interact with them 11,you are better off.For instance,you may be less likely to catch a cold,have a stroke or heart disease,slip into early cognitive decline and 12 depression.You may even be more likely to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages,recover quickly from illness and live longer.A study at Harvard University that followed hundreds of people for 75 years 13 the quality of people's relationships as the single clearest predictor of their physical health,longevity and quality oflife.But the threat ofloneliness is still largely 14 from common health discourse,medical training and practice,and public awareness.lt's time to establish a dedicated 15 to further study,develop initiatives around,and promote social health-how well a person forms and 16 relationships,receives and reciprocates support and feels connected to others.In the same way that mental health has risen up in prominence,17 more and better research,treatment and advocacy,so too should social health.Indeed,researchers recently evaluated social connection using widely accepted public health criteria,including size,severity and urgency.They then 18 it to well-established public health priorities that receive considerable resources across public and private sectors,such as nutrition.19 not receiving similar resources,they concluded,social connection matches and in some cases 20 0ther priorities in impact.14选？A.differB.absentC.deriveD.deviate答案：B 本题解析：动词辨析题。根据句意，但是，在公共卫生讨论、医学培训和实践以及公众意识方面，人们依然孤独存在的威胁。上文说明了社会联系的重要性，本句以But开头，表示与上文的转折关系，该句所述内容为负面的，absent from表示“缺少”，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、C项语义为中性，且语义搭配不当；D项在公共卫生讨论、医疗培训和实践以及公众意识方面脱离脱轨，表示之前可能存在过，但原文并未提到之前存在过，且本句倾向于强调这种情况的不存在性，D项与原文不符，故排除。3.The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits.After bills,Tony has60 a week to spend,40 of which goes on food,but 10 years ago he was earning130，000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a week.Then his marriage failed,his career burned out and his drinking became serious.“The community mental health team saved my life.And I felt like that again,to a certain degree,when people responded to the blog so well.It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost.But it's still a daybyday thing.”Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents.He's feeling positive,but he'll carry on bloggingnot about eating as cheaply as you can“there are so many people in a much worse state,with barely any money to spend on food”but eating well on a budget.Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._Impulsive spending isn't an option,so plan your week's menu in advance,making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities.I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast,lunch and dinner.Stop laughing:it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet.It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly,because,being human,you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42._This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy.With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer.And if you plan properly,you'll know that you only need,say,350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon,not whatever weight is prepacked in the supermarket chiller.43._You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezerthat's not good enough.Mine is filled with leftovers,bread,stock,meat and fish.Planning ahead should eliminate wastage,but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup,and all fruits threatening to“go off”will be cooked or juiced.44._Everyone says this,but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters.Shop at butchers,delis and fishsellers regularly,even for small things,and be super friendly.Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones,chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which,more often than not,they'll let you have for free.45._You won't be eating out a lot,but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant1.75 a week for three months gives you21more than enough for a threecourse lunch at Michelinstarred Arbutus.It's16.95 thereor12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's:I know which I'd rather eat.44选？A.Shopkeepers are your friendsB.Remember to treat yourselfC.Stick to what you needD.Live like a peasantE.Balance your dietF.Planning is everythingG.Waste not,want not答案：A 本题解析：细节题【解析】第五段第一句Everyone says this,but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters.this和it指代为44题缺失的小标题内容，因此本句其实没有提供任何信息，重点信息在后。第二句为祈使句，祈使句多是表达作者观点的重要句子。Shop at butchers,delis and.（经常在肉店，熟食店和鱼店买东西，即使小东西也在这些地方买，并且表现得很友好。）他给出两条建议：1.常在某些店买东西；2.表现出友好。之后第三句则表示的是这样做的结果。因此本段的核心句为第二句。在比对几个备选项后发现A项Shopkeepers are friends（店家是良友）和第二句中的“be friendly”形成同义替换。因此A项为正确答案。4.At the Polish Club in Glasgow,Scots and Poles socialize easily.Many of the customers in its restaurant are Scotlish,eager to try Polish food before going there on holiday,says 16-year-old Mari-a,who moved to Scotland eight years ago and works in the club part-time as a waitress.She,by contrast,has no desire to retum.Scotland's welcome has been warm.Its govemmenl wants it to be warmer still.Scotland's leaders h8ve long mainLained that they need immigrants more ihan the rest of Britain does,both to boost the country's sparse population and to alleviate skiUs shortages.Between 1981 and 2003 Scotland's population declined.Most of Lhe population growth that Scodand has seen since then has been thanks to migrants,largely from outside Britain.Scots are having fewer children and ageing more rapidly than other Britons:on current trends the Scottish population will swell by just 4%by 2062 compared with 23qo for Britain as a whole,according to the Institute for Fiscal Studies.The only group expected to grow is the oldest one.If Scots vote for independence,a nationalist govemment promises to encourage immigraLion.It would offer incentives for migrants willing to move to far-flung spoLs.It would ease the nationwide requirement that immigrants must earn a particular salary to gain residency to reflect the lower cost of living there.Students would be able to stay after graduating and work for several years.Turning these aspirations into a workable immigraLion policy would be tricky.Though anxious to join the EU,Scotland's government is less keen on the Schengen travel zone,which allows non-EU ciUzens to travel on a single visa.It wants to remain part of the Common Travel Area,like the Republic oflreland,which imposes minimal border controls.Robert Wright,an economist at Strathclyde Uruversity who has advised the government on demography,is unconvinced this pick-and-mix approach to EU membership would work.And this would be one of many strains on Scotland's relationship with the rest of Britain.Different immigration policies in two countries that share a land border could result in stricter controls,including passport checks between them.Humza Yousaf,Scodand's minister for extemal affairs and international development,denies they would be necessary.Scotland would have border management,he stresses,not border guards.But some English politicians may disagree.If the nationalists lose the independence vote,London could be minded to devolve further powers to Scodand,perhaps including over immigration.Mr Wnght argues there is scope for more regional diversity.In Canada,immigraLion requirements are eased if people agree to live in less popular provinces.Scots are somewhat less resisLant to immigration Lhan other Britons.Some 58%want fewer migrants in ScoLland.Fully 75qo of English and Welsh people want fewer in their countries,says a report by the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford.And Scots are more sanguine.Just 21%identify immigration as one of Lhe most important issues facing the country,lower than the British average of 33%,according to Ipsos MORI,a pollster.Thal equanimity stems in part from the fact that migrants in Scotland are not especially common.More than half of its"foreign"residents come from other parts of Britain.Attitudes to immigrants tend to be softest where newcomers are scarce,as in Scotland,or very numerous,as in London.They harden in between those extremes.In eastern England,for example,where eastern Europeans are increasingly numerous,38%fume about immigration.If Scotland manages to entice more foreigners,it will enter this difficult middle territory.The warm Scottish welcome could cool.Maria says thatA.cost of living is lower in ScotlandB.Scoland's population will grow slowlyC.Scotland is unlikely to be an EU memberD.she doesn't wanl to go back to her counlryE.Polish food is not as good as Scoltish foodF.border guards are unnecessary for ScolandG.Scots are more optimistic toward immigration problem答案：D 本题解析：根据关键词Maria定位到第一段。答案范围为：Many of Lhe customers in its restaurant are Scottish,eager to try Polish food before going there on holiday,says 16-year-old Maria,who moved to Scodarrd eight years ago and works in the club part-time asa waiLress.She,by contrast,has no desire to retum与这两句话相关的选项为D和E。选项EPolish food is not as good as Scottish food，原文提到Polish food“波兰食物”，但并没有与Scottish food“苏格兰食物”进行比较，故该项错误。选项D对应“She,by comrast,has no desire toretum.”一句，其中has no desire=doesn't want to;retum=go back lo her country;故D项为答案。5.Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested Students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one 5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified,another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7 left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 subsequent experiments reproduced,this effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans.Much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can 12 New Scientific advances,for instancebut sometimes such 13 can backfire,the insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15,however.in a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity.Hsee says.“in other words,dont read online comments”8选？A.continueB.happenC.disappearD.change答案：A 本题解析：动词辨析。结合原文语境，由who引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。6.Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can't immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of the book Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative or creativity.”In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers,Hagel says.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying ona very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changing economy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events.”That's not something machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really about technology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that_A.technology is diminishing man's job opportunitiesB.automation is accelerating technological developmentC.certain jobs will remain intact after automationD.man will finally win the race against machine答案：A 本题解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一个人物观点细节题，找到文中argument指代的内容即可得出答案。【直击答案】根据题干中的书名可以回文定位到第二段第二句话。该句中的“this argument”，即该书作者的观点，指代的正是该段第一句的内容：随着技术的不断发展，即使最具有免疫力的工作也面临着威胁。选项A的表述与此一致，“technology”对应原文“When”（随着技术的发展），且“is diminishing mans job opportunity”是原文“jobssuddenly become threatened”的同义替换。【干扰排除】选项B属于无中生有，文章并未提及科技进步的原因。该选项将原文中两个无关的概念进行了错误搭配。选项C的表述与原文相反。选项D与原文观点相悖，是利用文中的单词“success”设置的干扰，原文只提到Race Against the Machine这本书很成功（success），并未提及“人类将最终赢得与机器的赛跑”。7.Any sufficiently advanced technology,noLed Arthur C.Clarke,a British science-fiction writer,is indistinguishable from magic.The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his 1.Using it is just like casting a spell:say a few words inLo the air,and a nearby device can 2 your wish.The Amazon Echo,a voice-driven cylindrical computer that sits on a table top and answers to the name Alexa,can 3 music tracks and radio stations,tell jokes,answer trivia questions and control smart 4;even b