考研考博-英语-河南机电职业学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-河南机电职业学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Text 2 Disruptive students are a headache for public schools.They distract from lessons,skip class,and often bring down the graduation rates.That's why school districts across the country have resorted to opening altemative schools in recent decades,with hopes that smaller classes and individual attention might help these students get their diplomas.But even these alternative schools（which differ from charter schools in that they are still part of school districts and thus answer to supervisors）can be a burden:They're expensive to run,and their graduation rates are still pretty low.Desperate for help,many school districts are now hiring private companies to manage these altemative schools and educate their most troublesome students.Large,urban districts like Chicago and Philadelphia have been working with this emerging industry for several years now.Though research shows that problematic students in Philadelphia did better in alternative schools than traditional ones,there is a wide variance in school quality,and detailed information about their curricula is scarce.The question on the table is whether a business whose job it is to make money can better educate vulnerable students than a public system with no profit motive.It's not too different from the dynamic between the federal government and the private companies running its prisons across the country.But the Justice Department announced last week that it would stop contracting with the private sector,in part because it doesn't seem to save that much money,and in part because the service didn't improve either.Richmond is one of the latest cities to experiment with outsourcing education.In July,the city hired a Texas-based company called Camelot Education to run the Richmond Altemative SchooL which last year served 223 students from across the city in grades 6 through 11.Nearly all of the students at Richmond Alternative are black（97 percent）and most are poor（87 percent qualify for free lunches）.Somc black parents once dubbed it the"colored children's prison"and it has been criticized for contributing to what's called the school-to-prison pipeline-Virginia is the state that refers the most students to law enforcement.Data provided by Richmond's school district shows that its altemative school has been floundering for years,When the school year ended three months ago,the numbers were alarming:The dropout rate had jumped to 38 percent,compared t0 28 percent just two years earlier.And students'scores in nearly every subject had fallen by 50 percent or more during that time.It can be inferred that alternative schools are founded to_A.offer diplomas to disruptive kidsB.lay heavy burdens on local schoolsC.provide smaller classes and individual attentionD.prevent disruptive children from entering public schools答案：A 本题解析：推理判断题。根据定位词定位到第一段第三句。该句提到，“希望小班和个人关注能够帮助这些学生获得文凭”，故A项“给问题学生提供文凭”为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项“给当地学校带来沉重的负担”是当地学校和政府的问题，不是非传统学校的问题，可排除；c项“提供小班和对个人的关注”是校方希望通过这样的方式来帮助问题学生，而不是非传统学校建立的目的，故C项错误；问题学生让公立学校很头疼，但是并没有直接提到他们被公立学校抛弃，他们就读的非传统学校只是酱通学校的一部分，故D项错误。2.For months Twitter.the micro-blogging service,has received the kind of free attention of which most companies can only dream.Politicians,corporate bosses,activists and citizens l the plat-form to calch every tweet of America's new president,who has become the service's 2."The whole world is watching Twitter,"3 Jack Dorsey,the company's chief executive,4 he presented its results on February 9th.He has litde else to brag about.But Donald Trump has not provided the kind of boost the 5 firm really needs.It reported 6 revenue growth and a loss of$167m.User growth has been sluggish,too:it added just 2m users in that period.Facebook added 72m.The day of the results,shares in Twitter dropped by 12qo.7 news oudeLs around the world already report 8 Mr Trump's most sensationaJ tweets,many do not feel compelled to join the platform t0 9 them.OLhers are 10 by mobs of trolls and large amounts of misinformation.And not 11 Mr Trvmp could change the cold,hard truth about Twitter:that it can never be Facebook.True,it has become one of the most important 12 for public and political 13 among its 319m monthly users.It played an important role in the Arab spring and 14 such as Black Lives MaUer.BuL the platform's freewheeling nature makes it hard to spin gold from.15,really trying to do so-by packing Twitter feeds 16 advertising,say-would drive away users.Twitter's latest results are likely to encourage those who think it should never have become a 17 listed company,and want it to consider alternate models of ownership,such as a co-operative.They 18 Twitter as a kind of public utility-a"people's platform"-the management of which should concem public 19 rather more than commercial ones.If the company were coop-eratively owned by users,it would be 20 from short-term pressure to please its investors and meet earrungs targets.8选？A.toB.inC.atD.on答案：D 本题解析：介词辨析题。Ato到：Bin在里；Cat在；Don在上，关于。原文说：report 8 Mr Trump's most sensational tweets.其中，report to表示“报告，报到”，对象往往是人，而本句的对象是tweets“推文”，故A可以排除。BC与report不搭配，可以排除。故本题选择D，report on表示“就作报道”。3.Text 2 Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet.Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.America's Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations?Should the state subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis.German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers,which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry,have not only survived but often returned to profit.Not the 20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profit all the same.It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard.The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers.American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully 87%of their revenues came from advertising in 2008,according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation&Development（OECD）.In Japan the proportion is 35%.Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.Car and film reviewers have gone.So have science and general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result.But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because_A.readers threatened to pay lessB.newspapers wanted to reduce costsC.journalists reported little about these areasD.subscribers complained about slimmer products答案：B 本题解析：推理题【命题思路】这是一道封闭式推理题，需要根据题干的关键信息对文章的具体信息进行锁定，从而推理得出答案。【直击答案】根据题干信息定位到第三段。根据该段第四句“Readers are paying more for slimmer products.”可知“读者要给内容缩水的报纸支付更多钱”，也就是说报业降低了成本。根据该段第五句“Some papersdistant suburbs.”可知“一些报业甚至有勇气拒绝向远郊用户投递。”再由该段第六句“these desperate measures”，可知上文中的“报纸内容缩水”和“拒绝向远郊投递”都是报业采取的措施，而报业之所以这么做是为了降低成本，故B项正确。【干扰排除】根据原文第三段第四句可知A项与原文信息相反，故错误。但是由这句话并不能得知读者是否会抱怨缩水的报纸，D项属于过度推理，故不选。原文并未提及记者报道的具体内容，只是对美国报业现状进行客观分析，C项属于无中生有，故不选。4.Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_1_,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger sibling._3_,theres another sort of parent thats a bit easier to_4_:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_7_and composed style with their kids.I understand this.Youre only human,and sometimes your kids can_8_you just a little too far.And then the_9_happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_10_and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_11_the clock and start over.Weve all been there._12_,even though its common,its important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may_13_for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also_14_your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_15_with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_16_of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_17_by stress is one of the most important of all lifes skills.Certainly,its incredibly_18_to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_19_situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and_20_from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.13选？A.likeB.missC.believeD.regret答案：D 本题解析：此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。上一段描述了父母如何对孩子失去耐心，然后又希望时间倒流一切重新再来，那么疲惫时对孩子说的话一定是会让你后悔（regret）的，其他选项喜欢，错过，相信均不符合上下文，故选D。5.In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,3 into your phone.This universal armor sends the 4:"Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creepy,".We fear we'll be 7.We fear we'll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us,so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety,we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket,"Wortmann says."They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.”But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesn't 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a 13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14."When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,"the New York Times summarizes.Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,"not a single person reported having been snubbed."18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thrive off of social connections.It's that 20:Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.20选？A.funnyB.simpleC.logicalD.rare答案：B 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本句冒号后内容是对it的解释说明。而该句与前句是平行关系，it指代前一句谈到的“与他人交流会更愉悦”。冒号后面的内容说明了，这是一个显然的事实。所以B项simple满足句意。【命题思路】本句考查形容词。解题的关键是利用it的指代关系，和冒号的解释说明功能。【干扰排除】其余选项的词义均不满足对句子的修饰关系。6."Google is not a conventional company.We do not I to become one,"wrote Larry Page and Sergey Brin,the search firm's founders,in a letter to investors ahead ofits stockmarket flotation in 2004.Since then,Google has bumished its reputation 2 0ne ofthe quirkiest companies on the planet.This year alone it has 3 eyebrows by taking a stake in a wind-energy project off the east coast ofAmerica and by testing self-driving cars,which have already_4 0ver 140,000 miles（225,OOOkm）on the country's roads.Google has been able to 5 such flights of fancy 6 its amazingly successful online-search business.This has 7 handsome returns for the firm's investors,who have seen the company 8 itselfin the space ofa mere 12 years from a tiny start-up into a behemoth with a$180 billion market capitalisation that sprawls 9 a vast headquarters in Silicon Valley known as the Googleplex.Google 10 stretches across the web like a giant spider,with a leg in everything from online search and e-mail to social networking and web-based software applications,or apps.All this has turned Google into a force to be reckoned with.11 now the champion of the unorthodox is faced with two conventional business challenges.The first 12 placating regulators,who fret that it may be abusing its considerable 13.On November 30th the European Union 14 a formal investigation into claims that Google has been 15 search results to give an unfair advantage to its own services-a charge the firm vigorously 16.The other challenge facing Google is how to find new sources of growth.17 all the experiments it has launched,the firm is still heavily dependent on search-related advertising.Ironically,investors'biggest worry is that Google will end 18 like Microsoft,which has 19 to find big new sources of 20 and profit to replace those from its two ageing ponies,the Windows operating system and the Omce suite of business software.That explains why Google's share price has stagnated.13选？A.powerB.rightC.mightD.force答案：A 本题解析：名词辨析题。空格处所在句为who fret that it may be abusing its considerable_（那些担心符歌滥用的监管者。）根据文章意思，这里表达的是滥用职权，power表示“权力，职权”，符合句意，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项right“权利”，指的是干某件事的权利；c项might作力量讲时，指强大的力量、威力；D项force指物理层面的力，三项均不符合句意，故排除。7.Text 2 For years,studies have found that first-generation college studentsthose who do not havea parent with a college degreelag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.This has created“a paradox”in that recruiting first-generation students,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen,rather than close”an achievement gap based on social class,according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journalPsychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach（which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program）can close 63 percent of the achievement gap（measured by such factors as grades）between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students（who completed the project）at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree.Most of the first-generation students（59.1 percent）were recipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need,while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesisthat a relatively modest intervention could have a big impactwas based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students“struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education,learn therules of the game,and take advantage of college resources,”they write.And this becomes more of a problem when colleges dont talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect studentseducational experiences,many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how studentslike themcan improve.”The author of the research article are optimistic because_A.the problem is solvableB.their approach is costlessC.the recruiting rate has increasedD.their findings appeal to students答案：A 本题解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一道原因细节题。主要考查考生准确理解题干，精准定位，并能正确划分和掌握定位信息的能力。【直击答案】根据题干关键信息“research article are optimistic because”定位到第二段第一句“But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem”。as引导的句子即为正确答案所在。A项中的“this problem”是原文原词的复现，“solvable”和“solution”属于同根替换。A项从形式、语义上都与原文符合，确定为最佳答案。【干扰排除】C项和D项都是无中生有，故排除；B项属于反向干扰，原文指出这个解决措施是“nexttonocost”，并非选项的“costless”。8.Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percent of the "core skills" within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline, so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy, ultimately retraining 18,000 employees. Prepandemic, other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 percent and 5.5 percent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 percent and 13.7 percent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed