考研考博-英语-海南健康管理职业技术学院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-海南健康管理职业技术学院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2.：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5，people will simply become lazy and depressed.6，todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard days work，I often feel 18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I dont have to work，I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.13选？A.absenceB.heightC.faceD.course答案：A 本题解析：语义衔接题。空格所在句着重说明：工作不是社会存在的唯一目的，在一个设计合理的社会中，即使没有工作，社会本身也能为劳动和休闲提供所需的情境。此处实际是一个假设，假设的前提为“在一个没有工作，而且设计合理的社会中”，故选A。其他选项均不符合文意，故排除。2.Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed,predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon"revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,"only to 4itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper,several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system.First,it is very 7 to set up the computer,card reader,and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second,paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts,something that many consumers are unwilling to 10.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of"float"-it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account,which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there.The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts.The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data.There are concerns that government,employers,and marketers might be able to access these data,thereby violating our privacy.9选？A.collectB.provideC.copyD.print答案：B 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本题空格所在句为Second,paper checks have the advantage that they_9 receipts根据上文信息，可得知这里仍旧在阐述现金支付方式的优势，现金支付优势之一就是可提供收据，故本题答案为B项provide“提供”。【命题思路】本题考查考生对句意的准确理解，同时考查动词辨析能力。【干扰排除】所给四个选项中，D项print“印刷，打印”有一定干扰强度，放在空格处，和后面的receipts“收据”也可搭配，但是不符合上下文含义，故排除。3.In a study published in 2013,economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolinas farm-labor market and concluded,“There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers”in the state.This was true even in the depths of a severe recession.Mechanization is not the answer eithernot yet at least.Production of corn,cotton,rice,soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots currently do only a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around 2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to 66,000 annually.Even so,employers frequently complain that they arent allotted all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late.And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.Petitioning each year for laborersand hoping the government provides enough,and that they arrive on timeis no way to run a business.In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico.Without reliable access to a reliable workforce,more growers will be tempted to move south.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy,Americans are consuming more fresh produce,which is good.But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere.In 1998-2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.Rural U.S.communities that might have benefited didnt.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.The U.S.needs a simpler,streamlined,multi-year visa for agricultural workers,accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S.residency for workers who meet the requirements.Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty,and the country as a whole will lose out.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in US farming?（）A.To attract younger laborers to farm workB.To get native US workers back to farmingC.To use more robots to grow high-value cropsD.To strengthen financial support for famers答案：B 本题解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。题目问的是美国农业劳动力缺乏的解决方案是什么。根据段落定位到第四段，这种劳动力缺乏的解决方案之一仍旧是一如既往的不合理，冒号后面提到本土的工人是不会回到农场的。由此可见，解决方法就是让美国人自己去干活。这和选项B是一样的。4.Text 3 When education fails to keep pace with technology,the result is inequality.Without the skills to stay useful as innovations arrive,workers suffer-and if enough of them fall belund,society starts to fall apart.That fundamental insight seized reformers in the IndusLrial Revolution,promoting state-funded universal schooling.Later,automation in factories and offices called forth a surge in coUege graduates.The combination of education and innovation,spread over decades,led to a remarkable flowering of prosperity.Today robotics and artificial intelligence call for another education revolution.This time,how-ever,working lives are so lengthy and so fast-chanf;ing that simply cramming more schooling in at the start is not enough.People must also be able to acquire new skills throughout their careers.Unfortunately,as our special report in Lhis issue sets out,the lifelong learning that exists today mainly benefits high achievers and is therefore more likely to aggravate inequality than diminish it.If 21st-century economies are not to create a massive underclass,policymakers urgently need to work out how to help all their citizens leam while they earn.So far,their ambition has fallen pitifully short.The classic model of education-a burst aL the start and top-ups through company training-is breaking down.One reason is the need for new,and constantly updated,skdls.Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work raLher than physical work.The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5%t0 21%between 1996 and 2015.The single,stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.Pushinf;people into ever-hit;her levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope.Just 16qo of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job.Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire,those with specialtized training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than山ose with general educaUon-perhaps because they are less adaptable.At the same time on-the-job training is shrinking.In Amenca and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades.Self-employment is spreading,leaving more people to take responsi-bility for their own skills.Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualirication is an option,but it costs money and most coUeges are geared towards youngsters.The traditional educational pattem becomes outdated because_A.manufacturing requires more brain workB.techruque should be continually renewedC.more skilled workers are urgentjy neededD.company training is becoming out of date答案：B 本题解析：细节题。根据题干traditional educational pattern“传统教育模式”定位到第四段首句the classic model of education，其中tradiLional=classic,educational pattem=model of education；而题干becomes outdated“过时”=is breaking down“失败，失效”；because=0ne reason；故本题答案句为：One reason is the need for new，and constantly updatedskills.与该句意思相同的选项是Btechnique should be continually renewed。其中，technique=skills;should be=the need for;continually renewed=constantly updated。而ACD三项均与答案句无关，故可排除。5.Text 3 In 2010,a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core.Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005 some 20%of human genes were patented.But in March 2012 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.Executives were violently agitated.The Biotechnology Industry Organization（BIO）,a trade group,assured members that this was just a“preliminary step”in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer.The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.The Myriad case itself is probably not over.Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patentsmonopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal taskforce urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product of naturethan are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision,big questions remain unanswered.For example,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA moleculesmost are unlikely patented or in the public domain.Firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy.Companies are eager to win patents for“connecting the dots，”explains Hans Sauer,a lawyers for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.Each meeting was packed.Those who are against gene patents believe that_A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only manmade products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovationD.courts should restrict access to genetic tests答案：B 本题解析：细节题【命题思路】这是一道局部细节题，需要根据题干关键信息对文章相应内容进行准确定位从而识别反对基因专利的人所持立场。【直击答案】根据题干信息“against gene patents”定位到第三段第三句，题干中反对基因专利的人即为原文信息“Critics”批评者，他们反对基因专利有三条理由。根据第一条理由，自然的产物即基因不能被授予专利，相反，人造的产物就可以被授予专利，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项属于无中生有，根据第三条理由限制基因测试的原因是专利垄断，而并非是选项说的基因测试不可靠。C项属于偷换概念，根据第二条理由，基因专利抑制了创新，而非取决于创新。D项也属于偷换概念，根据第三条理由，是专利垄断而非法院限制使用基因测试。6.Students ofmanagement theory have long l what constitutes the worst kind of book-the CEO autobiography or the management tome that promises to 2 the secrets ofbusiness 3 0ne syllable.But in"Management in 10 Words"Sir Terry Leahy,a former boss of Tesco,has performed a remarkable act of alchemy:combining two dismal forms to.4 an excellent book-a veritable management page-turner that has interesting things to say about everything from the evolution of British society to the art of 5 huge organisations.Sir Terry is an example of a type of Briton that is becoming increasingly 6:a working-class boy made 7 by dint of quick wits and hard work.A scholarship to a local public school and a taste for the grocery business 8 him with a ladder up:he started his career stacking shelves at Tesco and ended 9 as CEO for 14 years.When Sir Terry was 10 to the top job,Tesco was struggling in third place in Britain's supermarket hierarchy behind Sainsbury's and Marks&Spencer.Rumour had it that a tobacco company had toyed with buying the supermarket but 11 the idea believing it would be bad for the brand.Today Tesco is Britain's largest private employer and the third-largest supermarket in the world,12 in 14 countries and offering banking and insurance 13 fruit and vegetables.Sir Terry argues that the secret has been 14 innovation.Tesco introduced loyalty cards in order to 15 information on its customers and encourage them to keep coming back.And the trove of customer information provided by the loyalty card eased Tesco's entry_16 banking and e-commerce.17,Sir Terry readily 18 that there is no science to management:he got the 19 for one of Tesco's most successful innovations-small stores in town centres-from visiting a wholesaler and 20 how much business it was doing selling to small shops.16选？A.outB.byC.backD.into答案：D 本题解析：介词辨析题。entry后面只能接into，故D项为正确选项。【干扰排除】四个选项中只有into可以与entry搭配，故排除其他选项。7.The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic 1by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert_2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising 3_in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is"4"in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organization's director general,5 the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the 6 of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_7 in late April 2009,when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to 9 in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are the new swine flu,also known as（A）H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has_13 more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_14_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is 16 ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not 18 for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other 19.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group:health care workers,people20_infants and healthy young people.8选？A.overB.forC.amongD.to答案：C 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.本句含义为“墨西哥当局注意到因该流行病住院，死亡的健康成年人异常之多”。故本题答案为C项among。among healthy adults“在健康的成年人中（住院和死亡的人数异常多）”。【命题思路】本题考查考生对介词使用的掌握。【干扰排除】A项over作介词时，含义是“在上面，超过的，跨过（覆盖过）”。B项for的含义是“为了，代表，以为交换”。D项to的含义是“向，到，趋向，变成”。都不符合上下文语义。8.Weighing ourser egulay s aoneru way 1o stay aware or any sginant wegt ncuatoros(1),when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more thatit(2)As for me,weighing myself every day caused ma to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physicaly active to focusing(3)on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.|had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking onlyof(4)the number on the scale,|altered my training program.That conflicted with how|needed to trainto(5)my goals.|also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate(6)of the hard work and progress|was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight(7)altering your training program.The most(8)changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these(9)|stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule(10).since weight lIoss is not my goal,it is less important for me to(11)my weight each week.Weighing every otherweek allows me to observe and(12)any significant weight changes.That tells me whether Ineed to(13)my training program.|use my bimonthly weight-in(14)to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I'm constantly(15)and dropping weight,thisisa(16)that|need to increase my daily caloric intake.The(17)to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since|no longer carry the burdenofa(18)morning weigh-in.I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals.(19)I'm training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than(20)over the scale,turn your focus to how you kook,feel,how you clot