考研考博-英语-河南牧业英语院考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-河南牧业英语院考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad,angry or surprised is key to getting along with orhers.1 a new study suggests that a skill for listening in on feelings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress.This and other research 2 the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly 3 to its bearer.In a study published in the September 2016 issue of E7notion,psychologists Myriam Bechtoldt and Vanessa Schneider asked 166 male university students a series of questions to 4 their emotional smarts.5,they showed the students photographs of people's faces ancl askecl them 6 what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed.The students 7 had to give job talks in front of judges displaying stern facial expressions.The scientists measured concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol in the students'saliva before and after the talk.In students who were 8 more emotionally intelligent,the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took 9 to go back to baseline.The 10 suggest that some people may be too emotionally clever for their own good,says Hillary Anger Elfenbein,a professor of organizational behavior at Washington University in St.Louis."Sometimes you can be so good at something 11 it causes trouble,"she notes.Indeed,the study adds to previous research hinting at a（n）12 side of emotional intelligence.A study published in 2002 in Pers'onalr.t,y and Individual Di f ferences suggested that emotionally 13 people might be particularly 14 to feelings of depression and hopelessness.15,several studies,including one published in 2013 in PLOS ONE,have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal 16.More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress woulcl 17 0ut in women anclin people 18 different ages and education levels.19,emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have,as long as you learn to also properly 20 emotions-both others'and your own.6选？A.atB.onC.toD.for答案：C 本题解析：本题考查固定搭配。空格句大意为：研究者询问大学生快乐或厌恶等情绪（在照片上）所展现的程度如何，能与extcnt搭配表示“到什么程度”的介词只有C.toto what extent在句中充当状语。2.Text 2 Far from joining the labour force,women have been falling away at an alarming pace.The female employment rate in India,counting both the formal and informal economy,has tumbled from an already-low 35%in 2005 to just 26%now.Yet nearly 1Om fewer women are in jobs.A rise in female employment rates to the male level would provide India with an extra 235m workers,more than the EU has of either gender,and more than enough to fill all the factories in the rest ofAsia.Imagine the repercussions.Were India to rebalance its workforce in this way,the IMF estimates,the world's biggest democracy would be 27%richer.Its people would be well on their way to middle-income status.Beyond the obvious economic benelits are the incalculable human ones.Women who work are likelier to invest more in their children's upbringing,and to have more say over how they lead their lives.Social mores are startlingly conservative.A girl's first task is to persuade her own family that she should have a job.The in-laws she will typically move in with after marriage are even more likely to yank her out of the workforce and into social isolation.In a survey in 2012,84%of Indians agreed that men have more right to work than women when jobs are scarce.Men have taken 90%of the 36m additional jobs in industry India has created since 2005.And those who say that women themselves prefer not to work must contend with plenty of counter-evidence.Census data suggest that a third of stay-at-home women would WOfk ifjobs were available;govemment make-work schemes attract more women than men.What can be done?Many of the standard answers fall short.Promoting education,a time-tested development strategy,may not succeed.Figures show that the more schooling an Indian woman receives,the less likely she is to work,at least if she has anything less than a university degree.Likewise urbanization,another familiar way to alleviate poverty:city-dwelling women are half as likely as rural ones to have a job.An optimist might argue that more women are not working because India is still paying for the sins of the past,when so many of them were illiterate and high fertility rates bound them to the home.Most measures of female welfare are improving.India has many more girls in classrooms and fewer child brides than it once did.In fact,many fear that all that extra schooling was a parental ploy to improve a daughter's prospects not in the labour market but in the arranged-marriage market,part of the all-important quest to snag a suitable boy.A further push is needed to get Indian women what they really need:a suitable job.Better education may not function because_A.higher educated women are reluctant to workB.higher education is not equal to higher possibility of workC.women living in rural are less likely to join workD.higher education failed to stand the test oftime答案：B 本题解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第四段。原文指出，促进教育一个经过时间考验的发展战略，可能不会成功。数据显示，印度女性接受的教育程度越高，就越不可能去工作，至少如果她的学历低于大学学历的话，B项为其同义替换表达，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】原文并未提及愿不愿意工作，故A项排除；原文指出，居住在城市的女性找到工作的可能性只有农村女性的一半C项错误；D项属于无中生有。3.Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_1_,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,_2_,a younger sibling._3_,theres another sort of parent thats a bit easier to_4_:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_6_.Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a_7_and composed style with their kids.I understand this.Youre only human,and sometimes your kids can_8_you just a little too far.And then the_9_happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_10_and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_11_the clock and start over.Weve all been there._12_,even though its common,its important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may_13_for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also_14_your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_15_with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_16_of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_17_by stress is one of the most important of all lifes skills.Certainly,its incredibly_18_to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_19_situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and_20_from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.12选？A.overallB.insteadC.howeverD.otherwise答案：C 本题解析：此处考察上下文逻辑关系。空格句指出：然而，即使是这是很普遍的现象，我们还是要牢记，哪怕只是一点点的疲惫，都会让你对孩子说一些你会后悔很久的话。上一段描述了一般情况下父母是如何对孩子失去耐心，并且这很普遍（We've all been there/it's common），空格句对比上一段发生了转折，故选C。4.Many experts believe that in the new world of artificial intelligence（AI）human beings will still be needed to do the jobs that require higher-order critical,creative,and innovative thinking and the jobs that require high emotional engagement to meet the needs of other human beings.The 1 for many of us is that we do not excel at those skills because of our natural cognitive and emotional tendencies:We are confirmation-seeking thinkers and ego-affirmation-seeking defensive reasoners.We will need to overcome those tendencies 2 take our thinking,listening,relating,and collaborating skills to a much higher level.This process of_3 begins with changing our definition of what it means to"be smart."4.many of us have achieved success 5 being"smarter"than other people as 6 by grades and test scores,beginning in our early days in school.AI will change that because there is no 7 any human being can outsmart,8.,lBM's Watson,at least without augmentation.Smart machines can process,9,and recall information faster and better than we humans.10,AI can pattern-match faster and produce a wider array of alternatives than we can.AI can even learn fasrer.In an age of smart machines,our old definition of what makes a person smart doesn't 11.What is needed is a new definition of being smart,one that 12 higher levels of human thinking and emotional engagement.The new smart will be determined not by what or how you know 13 by the quality of your thinking,listening,relating,collaborating,and learning.Quantity is 14 by quality.We will spend more time training to be open-minded and learning to update our beliefs in 15 to new data.We will practice 16 after our mistakes,and we will invest more in the skills traditionally 17 with emotional intelligence.The new smart will be about trying to overcome the two big 18 0f critical thinking and team collaboration:our ego and our fears.Doing so will make it easier to perceive reality as it is,rather than as we 19 it to be.In short,we will embrace humility.That is 20 we humans will add value in a world of smart technology,17选？A.asqociatedB.comparedC.familiarD.consistent答案：A 本题解析：本题考查上下文语义。由上段文意“新型的聪明看重思考和情感投入能力”可知，需要我们投入更多精力以应对Al时代的技能应该也是和情商有关系的，A.associated符合文意。5.Students ofmanagement theory have long l what constitutes the worst kind of book-the CEO autobiography or the management tome that promises to 2 the secrets ofbusiness 3 0ne syllable.But in"Management in 10 Words"Sir Terry Leahy,a former boss of Tesco,has performed a remarkable act of alchemy:combining two dismal forms to.4 an excellent book-a veritable management page-turner that has interesting things to say about everything from the evolution of British society to the art of 5 huge organisations.Sir Terry is an example of a type of Briton that is becoming increasingly 6:a working-class boy made 7 by dint of quick wits and hard work.A scholarship to a local public school and a taste for the grocery business 8 him with a ladder up:he started his career stacking shelves at Tesco and ended 9 as CEO for 14 years.When Sir Terry was 10 to the top job,Tesco was struggling in third place in Britain's supermarket hierarchy behind Sainsbury's and Marks&Spencer.Rumour had it that a tobacco company had toyed with buying the supermarket but 11 the idea believing it would be bad for the brand.Today Tesco is Britain's largest private employer and the third-largest supermarket in the world,12 in 14 countries and offering banking and insurance 13 fruit and vegetables.Sir Terry argues that the secret has been 14 innovation.Tesco introduced loyalty cards in order to 15 information on its customers and encourage them to keep coming back.And the trove of customer information provided by the loyalty card eased Tesco's entry_16 banking and e-commerce.17,Sir Terry readily 18 that there is no science to management:he got the 19 for one of Tesco's most successful innovations-small stores in town centres-from visiting a wholesaler and 20 how much business it was doing selling to small shops.11选？A.ignoredB.droppedC.neglectedD.disregarded答案：B 本题解析：动词辨析题。根据原文Rumor had it that a tobacco company had toyed with buying the supermarket but_the idea believing it would be bad for the brand（有谣言指明一家烟草公司考虑过要买下乐购，但最后了这个想法，他们觉得这样会有损自己的品牌。）所以B项dropped“放弃”更符合文中的意思，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项ignored本意是“不理睬”，表示“忽视”时语气比disregarded强，指故意不予理睬，根本不当一回事。注意名词ignorance没有“忽视”的意思，而是“无知”；c项neglected指有意或无意地疏忽了理应做到的事，名词仍是neglect故排除；D项disregarded常指明明看见、明明知道，或经考虑后却不重视，含“不理不顾”之意，故排除。6.In World War II the factory was heavily bombed and rebuilt afierwards.Bankruptcy forced the factory to close its doors in 1980.After years of 1,large parts of the factory had become ruined and run 2,An unsafe,abandoned place,with widespread vandalism the factory soon 3 into a source of nuisance to the local 4.The project aims to reconvert the old textile factory into a city park.This reconversion is part of a mixed-use development urban renewal project 5 by Sogent,the urban development company of Ghent.Surrounded,as it is,by a 6 0f functions and users,the park is under a lot of outside pressure.The aim was to create a diversified park which could 7 this pressure and stimulate a 8 community life for the neighbourhood.The design briefproved a simultaneous exercise in creating a site with plenty of flow,9 preserving walls and constructions and maintaining a l0,workable zoning of the park's functions.The orthogonal plan ofthe old textile factory is 11 as a basic template for a zoning ofthe park.New,organic green spaces and a paths network 12 with what remains ofthis underlying structure.By preserving some historical marks,the park becomes an"architectural 13".On another level,the integration of portraits of former employees in the factory（central gangway）,14 a social dimension to the historical one already present in the park's design.On the whole,new meaning and new life are 15 by the bringing together of past and present.The walls and structures become the historical placemat for the development of new activities.16 the diversified park was 17 there has been a revival of activity in the neighbourhood.The reconversion has positive 18 0n the buildings and quarters around the park.Thanks to the public participation sessions,locals have felt very 19 with the project.The park is now being used 20 across the generations（senior citizens,families,children）,becoming,much like it used to be,the meeting place for the neighbourhood.8选？A.renewedB.revisedC.repairedD.restored答案：A 本题解析：形容词辨析题。空缺处所在的句子意在表达：该项目试图打造一个能够应对这些压力的多用途公园，激活周边社区的活力。根据文意，这里应该选择A项“重建的”。【干扰排除】B项“修订的”通常指的是图书等刊物的修订；c项“修好的”指的是某物的状态是修理好的；D项“精力恢复的”用来形容人。7.Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed,predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon"revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,"only to 4itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper,several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system.First,it is very 7 to set up the computer,card reader,and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second,paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts,something that many consumers are unwilling to 10.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of"float"-it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account,which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there.The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts.The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data.There are concerns that government,employers,and marketers might be able to access these data,thereby violating our privacy.8选？A.similarB.originalC.temporaryD.dominant答案：D 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本题空格所在句为to make electronic money the_8 form of payment。本句意为“使电子货币成为支付方式”，将四个选项带入，C、D词义似乎都比较符合文章意思，但结合文章主旨，可判断出正确答案应为D项dominant“占主导地位、支配地位的”。【命题思路】本题考查考生对句意的正确理解，同时考查形容词辨析。【干扰排除】所给四个选项中，C项有一定干扰度，因为上文说电子支付方式暂时无法代替现金支付方式。但放在空格处没有D项表达更准确，故排除。8.The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic 1by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert_2 an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising 3_in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is"4"in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organization's director general,5 the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the 6 of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_7 in late April 2009,when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to 9 in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are the new swine flu,also known as（A）H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has_13 more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_14_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is 16 ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not 18 for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other 19.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group:health care workers,people20_infants and healthy young people.4选？A.moderateB.normalC.unusualD.extreme答案：A 本题解析：词义辨析【直击答案】本空格所在句是But the epidemic is“4”in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organization's director general。句首but一词是重点，说明此段落含义和上文含义具有转折关系，再联系本句后一句信息the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms“很多患者只有轻微症状”可推断出Margaret Chan,the organization's director general（世界卫生组织的理事长Margaret Chan）认为该流行病并不严重，故选A项moderate“缓和的”。【命题思路】本题考查对上下文逻辑的理解，同时考查形容词辨析能力。【干扰排除】D项extreme“极端的，极度的”有一定的干扰性，因为上文中一直在强调猪流感病毒蔓延的严重程度，但这里一个but起到了转折的作用，故可排除D项。9.No one can l Howard Schultz ofinaction since he returned as chief executive of Starbucks,the firm he built into a multinational 2 to watch it stumble under his successor.Barely a month has gone by over the past year without the firm 3 some new initiative or other.The latest came on February 17th in New York,when Mr.Schultz 4 Via,an instant coffee which,he 5,tastes just as good as Java brewed in the shop by one of the firm's baristas.Don Valencia,the firm's first head of research and development,who 6 the blended and frozen frappuccino drinks that earn Starbuc