考研考博-英语-阜阳幼儿师范高等专科学校考研模拟卷I【3套】含答案详解

住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-阜阳幼儿师范高等专科学校考研模拟卷【3套】含答案详解（图片大小可任意调节）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第一卷一.单项选择题(共100题)1.Text 3 Family caregivers provide essential,often unpaid work in the U.S.:they help family members with tasks like bathing and eating,coordinating insurance coverage and managing medications.But what a caregiver looks like in America is changing.Although the typical unpaid family caregiver is a 49-year-old white woman,about 10 million Americans between ages 18 and 34,of all different backgrounds,are now the caregivers for a family member or friend,according to a new report by AARP.One out of four family caregivers in the U.S.is a millennial.And as Baby Boomers age and need more support,this young group is becoming an increasingly important part of the caregiving workforce.More than half of millennial caregivers are now people of color,according to the report,and they are more likely than any other generation to balance caregiving with employment.Nearly three quarters of millennial caregivers are employed,according to the new report,and 53%work full time.They also spend an average of 21 hours per week on caregiving,or the equivalent of a part time job.More than one in four millennials spends over 20 hours each week providing care,and roughly one in five provides care for at least 40 hours each week."Many of these millennials are not just working and providing this care,but are trying to figure out,ihow do I balance all of this?"'says Jean Accius,an expert on long-term care services and supports at the AARP's public policy institute,which provides guides for different communities of caregivers."At this time in their life,a typical milleruual may be thinking about going on vacation,hanging out with friends and potentially getting married,but these millennials are doing things like wound care and bathing."The report finds that Latino millennials often face increased pressure,as they work more hours each week on average and spend more time providing care than young adults of other backgrounds.Some of this has to do with the fact that Hispanuc Americans are more likely to live in multi-generational households,Accius says.Tasks like navigating govemment health systems or coordinating care between multiple providers can also be particularly challenging for families that have members whose first language is not English.Another common source of stress is the impact that caregiving responsibilities can have on a person's career.54%of millennial caregivers say that caregiving has impacted their job in significant ways,according to the report.Yet millennials are much less likely to tell their supervisors or colleagues at work about their caregiving responsibilities,meaning they are often navigating alone.One sign of progress is that millennial men are nearly as likely to provide care as women,according to the report."The way that millennials think about gendered work or gendered care roles is changing,"says Whiting."The U.S.is already facing a shortage of caregivers,and the increasing gender and racial diversity of millennial caregivers will be necessary to support all those who need help in the future:'she says."We see,especially among millennials,that everybody bears some responsibility,and we need to care for each other."The Latino millennials are faced with more pressure because_A.English is not their first languageB.their family backgroundsC.they are lack ofmotivationD.they have to subsidy their household答案：B 本题解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章第五段。首句提到“报告发现，拉美裔千禧一代往往面临着越来越大的压力，因为他们每周平均工作时间更长，与其他背景的年轻人相比，他们在护理上花费的时间更长”，下文例证由于背景不同导致压力更大，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“英语不是他们的母语”、C项“他们缺乏动力”、D项“他们必须为他们的家庭提供补贴”利用与题干无关信息作干扰。故均排除。2.Text 1 In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today,“a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog,and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middleclass incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle.But，today，average is officially over.Being average just won't earn you what it used to.It can't when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extratheir unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But there's been acceleration.As Davidson notes,“In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobsabout 6 million in totaldisappeared.”There will always be changenew jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to posthigh school education.According to the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important is_A.to accelerate the I.T.revolutionB.to ensure more education for peopleC.to advance economic globalizationD.to pass more bills in the 21st century答案：B 本题解析：细节题【命题思路】根据题干关键词“reduce unemployment”回文定位到文章最后一段，根据具体信息同义替换，则得出正确答案。【直击答案】文章中最后一段出现了与题干“reduce unemployment”近义的表达“support employment”，而题干“the most important”与文章“nothing would be more important than”相对应，指出促进就业最重要的是颁布类似于“G.I.Bill”（G.I.Bill：二战后签署的“军人安置法案”，给退伍美军提供免费大学或技校教育等福利措施。）的法案来保障人们接受高等教育的权利，B项与之吻合，故正确。【干扰排除】A项“加速信息技术产业变革”，C项“推动经济全球化”，均未提及，属于无中生有，故排除。D项虽提及要颁布更多法案，但文中讲的法案是指与“教育”相关的，而非泛指一般的法案，D项表述不准确，故排除。3.Text 1 Denmark is once again distinguishing itself in the race against food waste-this time,with a supermarket hawking items once destined for the trash bin.Those items might include treats for a holiday that happened last week,a ripped box of comflakes,plain white rice mislabeled as basmati,or anything nearing its expiration date.In other words,perfectly edible items that are nonetheless considered unfit for salc by the retailers and manufacturers who donate them.WeFood is not the first grocer in Europe to sell surplus food.But unlike so-called"social supermarkets"-stores which serve almosL exclusively low-income people-WeFood's offerings are very intentionally aimed at the general public.High-income families will also choose WeFood for its environmental-friendly conception.The store's goods are priced 30 t0 50 percent lower than those in regular supermarkets,according to WeFood.The store has already been a huge success,attracting large numbers of customers.People have lined up before the store's opening every moming since its launch on Monday.But is this food safe to eat?Safety is always the first concern coming up to your mind.Well,the"sell by"date you see on many products actually refers to its freshness-not whether or not it's going to do you any harm.In many cases,food that's beyond this date won't be as fresh as it once was but is still perfectly edible.The food might have not yet gone bad when the"sell by"date expires.Of course you should still be careful to avoid eating food that's gone off,but you might find you don't have to throw away as much as you think you do.Denmark throws away about 700,000 tons of food every year,according to several estimates.In fact,food waste is a major problem for the whole world.Some 795 million people are undemourished globally,according to the World Food Program.Yet about a third of all food produced in the world-some l.3 billion tons-is wasted each year,according to the United Nations.The cost of global food wastage is about$1 trillion a year.All of the store's proceeds will go to DanChurchAid's work in developing nations like South Sudan and Bangladesh.It can be learned from Paragraph l that a supermarket in DenmarkA.recycles the wasted food in supermarketB.runs a campaign against food wasteC.donates food to retailers and manufacturersD.reuses mislabeled food in supermarket答案：D 本题解析：事实细节题。根据定位词定位到第一段。第一段指出丹麦在避免浪费食物方面从各国中脱颖而出，它的一家超市开始出售那些本该扔进垃圾箱的东西。那些东西可能包括上周刚过的一个节日剩下的一些宴飨，外包装破损了的玉米片，标签错贴成印度香米的普通大米，以及任何快到期的食品。只有D项“重新使用超市里贴错标签的食品”最符合原文的意思。【干扰排除】A项，recycles是指旧物利用。在此不存在旧物，而是一些不适合对外销售的食物，所以不正确；B项，文中并未说超市出售被浪费的食品是一项由丹麦发起的反对食物浪费的运动，故B项不正确；C项，原文说的是接受零售商和制造商的捐赠，而非向零售商和制造商捐赠食物，所以不正确。4.Text 2 When people talk about a"north-south divide"in Britain they are usually referring to house prices,employment and the ratio of private-sector to public-sector jobs.The south scores higher on all such measures.But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology（BTO）,a research charity,hints at the growth of another north-south divide-this time to the north's benefit.Every 20 years the BTO produces a superbly detailed atlas of bird life in Britain and Ireland.The 2007 t0 2011 edition is cheery:more species are tallied than in previous atlases,and many birds are increasing in number.Compared with two decades ago,45%of regular native species are ranging more widely while 32%are living in smaller areas;the rest have stayed put.But the most striking news comes from the north.The overall populations of woodland,farmland and migrant perching birds are up in northern England and Scotland but down in the south.The same is true of individual species such as the garden warbler,bullfinch and swallow.The number of cuckoos,a closely-watched species,declined by 63%in England between 1995 and 2010 but by only 5%in Scotland.Raptors are faring especially well in the south,but their numbers are rising in most parts of Britain.Partly this reflects climate change,suggests Simon Gillings of the BTO.Some birds are drawn to warmer winters in Scotland and northem England;visiting migrants may stick around for longer.Hard though it may be to believe during a week of torrential rain,the south is becoming drier,pushing snipe northward.More efficient farming has squeezed some farmland species.Some birds find it harder to make homes in the south,too.Pressure on housing means dilapidated buildings and barns,handy for nesting,have been converted into human dwellings.Between 2006 and 2012 the number of vacant dwellings fell by 17%in London and by 12%in Kent.Over the same period the number of empty houses increased by 16%in Derbyshire and by 10%in Lancashire:Northern mining villages once full of workers are now sparsely populated,points out Ian Bartlett,a birdwatcher in Hartlepool,in north-east England.They have become hot spots for birds and the people who watch them.Culrural difference also plays a part,thinks Mark Cocker,an expert on birds.The"obsession with tidiness"is stronger in the south,he says.Fewer people cultivate gardens;they prefer to cover them in decking and remove weeds from between concrete slabs.Village greens are mowed short.In contrast,Scotland and northern England have more trees,grassland and wind-swept moors.Less popular with humans,rugged parts of the countryside are filling up with a winged population instead.According to the passage,what is"north-south divide"recently?A.Home pricesB.Job huntingC.Species richnessD.Benefit plan答案：C 本题解析：事实细节题。根据题干关键词对应文章前两段，题目问的是新的南北分歧，在第一段的结尾处提到了新分歧的信息即：But new data from the British Trust for Ornithology（BTO），a research charity,hints at the growth of another north-south dividc-this time to the north's benefit但慈善研究机构英国鸟类研究信托公司（BTO）提供的新数据表明，英国又出现了新的南北分歧问题，而这一次却对英国北部有益。由此可见，选项中出现了鸟类的相关信息可以作为备选项，刚好C项Species richness（物种丰富度）体现了原文的意思，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A、B、D项在第一段都有体现，但这些信息都是之前的南北差异的体现，而不是最近的，因此应当排除。5.Shortly after The Economist went to press,about 25,000 people were expected to tum up at the London An Fair.Your correspondent visited just before,as 128 white booths were being filled with modern paintings and sculptures.Dealers clutched mobile phones to their ears or gathered in small groups.They seemed nervous-as well ihey mighl be."I can eam a year's living in one fair,"said one harried dealer while slringing up a set of lights.Before 1999 London had just one regular contemporary art fair,remembers Will Ramsay,boss of the expanding Affordable Art Fair.This year around 20 will be held in Britain,mostly in the cap-ital.Roughly 90 will iake place worldwide.The success of larger events such as Fneze,which star ted in London,has stimulated the growth of smaller fairs specialising in craft work,ceramics and other things.Artl4,which started last year,specialises in less weU-known intemational galleries,showing art from Sub-Sahuan Africa,South Korea and Hong Kong.One explanation for the boom is the overall gromth of the modem-art market.Four-rifths of all art sold at auction worldwide last year was from the 20th or 21st century,according to Artprice,a database.In November an auction in New York of modern and contemporary art made$691m,easily breaking the previous record.As older art becomes harder to buy-much of it is locked up in museums-demand for recent works js rising.London's art market in particular has been boosted by an influx of rich immigrants from Russia,China and the Middle East."When I sttuled 23 years ago I had not a single non-Westem foreign buyer,"says Kenny Schachter,an art dealer."It's a different world now."And London's new rich buy art differenLly.They often spend little time in the capital and do not know it well.Traipsing around individual galleries is inconvenient,particularly as galleries have moved out of central London.The mall-like set-up of a fair is much more suiLable.Commercial galleries used to rely on regular visits from rich Briions seeking to fumish their stately homes.Many were family friends.The new art buyers have no such loyalty.People now visit galleries mainly to go to evenLs and to be seen,says Alan Cristea,a gallery owner on Cork street in Mayfair.Fairs,and the parties thaL spring up around them,are much better places to be spotted.Some galleries are feeling squeezed.Bernard Jacobson runs a gallery opposite Mr Cristea.The changing art market reminds him of his father,a chemist,who was eclipsed by a pharmaceutical chain,in the 1960s.Seven galleries in Cork Street relocated this month to make way for a redevel-opment;five more may follow later this year.Yet the rise of the fairs means galleries no longer require prime real estate,thinks Sarah Monk of the London Art Fair.With an inlernational clientele,many can work online or from home.Although some art fairs still require their exhibitors to have a gallery space,increasingly these are small places outside central London or beyond Lhe city altogether.One gallery owner says few rich customers ever visit his shop in south London.He makes all his contacts at the booths he sets up at fairs,which might be twice the size of his store."It's a little like fishing,"he explains."You move to where the pike is."Bernard Jacobson feels thatA.gallery owners can make deals on the InternetB.many art buyers are trom non-westerm countries nowC.the change of art markel has exerted pressure on himD.dealers can make a great deal of money at the art fairE.many people visiting galleries are not potential customersF.rich Britons regularly pay a visit to the commercial galleriesG.very few art exhibitions were held al the end of the 20th century答案：C 本题解析：根据Bernard Jacobson定位到倒数第二段第一至三句：Some galleries are feeling squeezed.Bemard Jacobson runs a gallery opposite Mr Cnstea.The changing art market reminds him of his faiher,a chemist,who was eclipsed by a pharmaceutical chain,in the 1960s.其中第一句squeezed表示“被挤压，有压力”。与这几句话相关的选项是Cthe change of art market has exerted pressure on him。其中the change of art market-the changing art market;exert pressure“施加压力”=feeling squeezed“感到压力”。故C为本题答案。6.Five ways to make conversation with anyone Conversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._Suppose you are in a room with someone you dont know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say somethingthe first wordbut it just wont come out.It feels like it is stuck somewhere,I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think:that is the worst that could happen?They wont talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”。42._Its a problem all of us face:you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and“whats going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation thats can make it so memorable.So dont be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,youll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,youll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44._Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45._You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isnt that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go,the things they like,the thing the hatewhatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.Thats it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!45选？A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique complimentD.Name,places,thingsE.Find the“me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinion答案：E 本题解析：第一句话就提到了忘记只见过一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回忆地点“places”和好恶的事情“things”等细节，所以选E：Name，places，things7.Text 2 When Europe caught America's flu after 2008,bond markets picked off the e