2019年高考英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 1 Great scientists题型组合课时练 新人教版必修5.doc

2019年高考英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 1 Great scientists题型组合课时练 新人教版必修5.阅读理解(xx·河南省六市联考)Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old，and could not read until he was seven？His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability.Beethoven's music teacher said about him，“As a poser (作曲家) he is hopeless.” What if this young boy had believed it?When Thomas Edison was a young boy，his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything.He once said，“I remember I used to never be able to get along at school.I was always at the foot of my class.My father thought I was stupid，and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.”What if young Thomas had believed what they said about him?When the sculptor (雕刻家) Auguste Rodin was young，he had difficulty learning to read and write.Today，we may say he had a learning disability.His father said of him，“I have an idiot (白痴) for a son.” His uncle agreed.“He's uneducable，” he said.What if Rodin had doubted his ability?Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher，“You can't sing.You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal.What if these people had listened and bee discouraged？Where would our world be without the music of Beethoven，the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney？As Oscar Levant once said，“It's not what you are but what you don't bee that hurts.”You have great potential.When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot bee，you will find your place on earth.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章列举了爱因斯坦、贝多芬、爱迪生等七个名人成功的故事，他们都曾得到别人较低的评价，但最终成功实现了自己的梦想；“相信自己”是他们成功的关键。1How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage?ASix.BSeven.CEight.DNine.B细节理解题。文章第一段列举了爱因斯坦的故事，第二段讲述了贝多芬的故事，第三段提到了爱迪生的故事，第四段讲述了奥古斯特·罗丹的故事，第五段提及了沃特·迪士尼、恩里科·卡鲁索、路易莎·梅·阿尔科特的故事，共列举了七个著名人物，故B项正确。2Which of the following statements is RIGHT?AWhen he was young，Thomas Edison always got good grades at school.BLevant thought Louisa May Alcott couldn't write any popular works.COnly Auguste Rodin's uncle regarded him a boy of learning ability.DBoth Enrico Caruso and Beethoven achieved their dreams in music.D细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句、第五段的第二句及第六段的第二句可推知，贝多芬和恩里科·卡鲁索都实现了他们的音乐梦想，故D项正确。3What's the meaning of the underlined sentence “He's uneducable”？AHe can't be taught.BHe is very clever.CHe is different.DHe is a late success.A句意理解题。根据第四段他的父亲和他的叔叔对他的评价“I have an idiot (白痴) for a son”“His uncle agreed”可知，他们都认为他是白痴；据此可以推断，该句意为“他是教不会的”，故A项正确。4What is the best title of the passage?AWorking Hard for SuccessBHaving DreamsCBelieving in YourselfDSelf­challengingC标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文前五段列举了七个名人，他们的共同点是都曾得到别人较低的评价，后来却成功实现了自己的梦想；本文的最后一句“When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot bee，you will find your place on earth”为本文的主题句，据此可以判断，C项“相信自己”最适合作本文标题。B(xx·广西桂林、北海、崇左市联合调研)If you get scared when you go skydiving，perhaps a good way to cope is to team up with someone who feels the same.A new study suggests sharing your feelings of stress with someone having a similar emotional reaction to the same situation reduces levels of stress more than sharing them with someone who does not.The study leader Sarah Townsend and her colleagues invited 52 female undergraduates to take part in a study on public speaking where they had to prepare and give a speech that would be recorded on video.Before giving their speeches，the participants were placed in pairs and encouraged to discuss with each other how they felt about the situation.The researchers measured the participants' emotional states，and how threatening they perceived giving a speech to be.They also took measures of the stress hormone cortisol，before，during and after the speech.The results show that sharing a threatening situation with a person who is in a similar emotional state buffers(缓解) individuals from experiencing the heightened levels of stress.In other words，says Prof.Townsend，imagine you are facing a stressful situation at work，perhaps an important project with a lot riding on it，and then interacting with a co­worker with a similar emotional profile can help reduce your experience of stress.Prof.Townsend now wants to extend the scope of the research to look at how developing emotional similarity might help people from different cultural backgrounds who have to work together，for example employees or students.【语篇解读】一项新的研究发现，与有同样压力的人分享你的情感有助于减小压力。5What should you do if you are afraid when you go skydiving?AGo to Prof. Townsend.BParticipate in the study.CTeam up with someone who feels the same.DReduce stress.C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“perhaps a good way to cope is to team up with someone who feels the same”可知，跳伞时如果你感到害怕，你可以和有同样感觉的人结伴。6Who can benefit from Sarah Townsend's findings?APeople experiencing stress at work.BUndergraduates.CResearchers and professors.DColleagues.A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In other words，says Prof.Townsend，imagine you are facing a stressful situation at work，perhaps an important project with a lot riding on it，and then interacting with a co­worker with a similar emotional profile can help reduce your experience of stress”可知，Sarah Townsend的发现对在工作上有压力的人会有帮助。7What does the underlined word “perceived” in Paragraph 2 mean?APersuade.BSuggest.CFeel.DPoint.C词义猜测题。根据上文中的“The researchers measured the.threatening”可知，研究人员测试参与者的情感状态以及他们认为演讲有多么吓人。由此可知，画线词意为“觉得，认为”。8What is the passage mainly about?ATalking to colleagues helps to increase your stress.BPeople should take part in public speaking.CHow to deal with your stress.DStress reduces when shared.D主旨大意题。根据全文大意可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：与有同样压力的人交流分享可以帮助减小压力。.完形填空(xx·昆明高三两区七校模拟)Not everyone around is easy to get on well with in your life.I've always tried to keep my 1 from people who are rude，aggressive and mean.But sometimes we can't 2 having contact with people who might not have our best interests at heart.Last summer，I became involved with a(n) 3 co­worker who was at a bad spot in his life.I had a lot of 4 for him and decided to help him 5 this tough time，so I tried my best to 6 his rudeness when he lost his temper.However，just like a swimmer drowning in a pool，he grabbed on and ended up drowning me when I 7 and tried to rescue him.His rudeness gradually was out of 8 One night，when I got up to get a glass of water，he started yelling at me to get back into my bedroom.I did as I was told but I was not happy about it.He 9 my change in mood and asked what was wrong.But when I told him his behavior toward me was 10 and that I was very hurt by the way he had 11 me，he was surprised.He could not understand his actions had a bad 12 on me.He told me he didn't have anything 13 me and that there was no need for me to 14 it.I used examples from his life of things that had hurt him and then tried to make the 15 that the same things also made me 16 I said，“I always treat you with patience，understanding and kindness，but you haven't treated me with 17 respect.”He was silent after listening to my words.What I had said might 18 him.People only change 19 they want to change.I didn't know whether he would change his opinion or not in the future，but I would continue to 20 him through my patience，understanding and kindness.【语篇解读】本文通过作者与同事的故事告诉我们：尽管不是所有的人都容易相处，但是遇到了，我们还是应尽力用自己的善良、耐心和理解去帮助他们。1A.differenceBpressureCabsenceDdistanceD根据下文的“people who are rude，aggressive and mean”可推知，对于品性不太好的人，作者自然是与他们保持距离。difference“差异”；pressure“压力”；absence“缺席”；distance“距离”。2A.riskBescapeCavoidDappreciateC根据语境“But”的转折可推知，有时候我们不可避免地会遇到一些不把我们利益放心上的人。risk“冒险做”；escape“逃离”；avoid“避免”；appreciate“欣赏，感激”。3A.bad­temperedBkind­heartedCeasy­goingDco­operativeA根据下文的“his rudeness when he lost his temper”可推知，这个同事脾气不好。4A.adviceBsympathyCpermissionDselectionB根据语境“and decided to help him”可推知，作者很同情同事的艰难处境，决定施以援手。advice“建议”；sympathy“同情”；permission“允许”；selection“选择”。5A.get acrossBlook afterCmake outDpull throughD根据语境“and decided to help him 5 this tough time”可推知，作者决定帮助同事渡过难关。get across“被理解”；look after“照顾”；make out“理解，辨认出”；pull through“渡过难关”。6A.resistBtolerateCcriticizeDexplainB根据语境“so I tried my best to”和“when he lost his temper”可推知，作者强忍对方的无礼行为。resist“对抗”；tolerate“容忍”；criticize“批评”；explain“解释”。7A.reached outBcarried outCgave outDturned outA根据语境“tried to rescue him”可推知，作者伸手去救对方。reach out“伸手”；carry out“执行”；give out“分发，发出”；turn out“证明是”。8A.practiceBactionCcontrolDdangerC根据下文的“One night，when I got up to get a glass of water，he started yelling at me to get back into my bedroom”可推知，作者同事的无礼(行为)逐渐失控了。practice“练习”；action“行动”；control“控制”；danger“危险”。be out of control“失去控制”。9A.forgaveBnoticedCignoredDunderstoodB根据语境“and asked what was wrong”可推知，同事注意到作者的情绪变化。notice“注意到”。10A.appropriateBunnecessaryCunacceptableDtraditionalC根据语境“that I was very hurt”可推知，作者认为同事的行为让人不能接受。unacceptable“不能接受的”。11A.scoldedBinstructedCtreatedDrespectedC根据上文的“when I told him his behavior toward me”可推知，同事对待作者的方式伤到了作者，下文的“but you haven't treated me with 17 respect”也是提示。scold“责骂”；instruct“指导”；treat“对待”；respect“尊敬”。12A.effectBmeaningCcontentDviewA此处表示他无礼的行为对作者产生了不好的影响。have an effect on sb.“对某人有影响”，为固定搭配。13A.forBwithConDagainstD根据上文的“He could not understand his actions had a bad 12 on me”可推知，同事并不是针对作者而发脾气的。against“对不利”。14A.mindBdoubtCrefuseDpraiseA根据上文的“my change in mood”“that I was very hurt”可推知，作者对同事的无礼行为很在意。mind“介意，烦恼”。15A.summaryBanalysisCparisonDexpectationC根据语境“the same things”可推知，作者在此作了对比。summary“总结”；analysis“分析”；parison“对比”；expectation“期望”。16A.selfishBunfriendlyCpuzzledDupsetD根据上文的“that I was very hurt”可知，作者对同事的行为感到难过。upset“难过，失望”。17A.deservedBprovenCpromisedDintendedA作者对同事那样好，但却没有得到应得的尊重。deserved“应得的”，符合语境。18A.annoyBtouchCinspireDsatisfyB根据上文的“He was silent after listening to my words”可推知，作者的话或许触动了同事。annoy“使恼怒”；touch“触动，感动”；inspire“激励”；satisfy“使满意”。19A.beforeBthoughCsoDifD根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的条件关系，故选D。20A.convinceBregretCfortDtrustC根据上文可知，作者的同事身处困境，作者施以援手帮助他并安慰他。convince“说服，使相信”；regret“后悔”；fort“安慰”；trust“信任”。