被动语态构成及用法详解

被动语态用法详解王劫置恋彼动街恋表外主语是动作的执村者强调主语是动作的承受者时蓦Msny people speak Engls± 血 thwodd.English is spoken by nany people iti the world.一殿过去时He wrote ths book in 1 如 4.This bookwiitten by him. in 1994,We will held a meeting tomoirow.A meeting will be held by us kmorrow.曲将撕He gaid thaLthejr would 131111 da brtdgeiHe said that a brid;? would 七镖 trui】E现在进行时Th*y are盅车叫湃鼠宿 th访question now.This question isteing discussed nonv.过去进行时He was fizing my car at sin yest-enda.My car was liemg fixed by him at si» yesterday.现在完成时We have already leaned oiir sfootn.Our dassroam has alneati/ been deantd by us.过去完成时I liad Gnished nrry CTnosititm before supper.My cotrpositirai had been fimEhed before supper.句型主+谓+宾I parked my car outsi de me park.My car was paifced outacLe Uie paik by me.主携十唳Slue tolfi us an interesling slatyWe were told an ititeresting story ty her? An itileresling story was told to us by her.主十憎候+补We &北 Jack momtar.J看出 wa.s chtistn monitor fay us.短琦助伺She Uak good care of the chil drat.The diild-ren were 曲m goad care ofby her.情蕊b伺+动词We can change 响er into vapourWater cante chang&d into vapourTENSE主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+V.V.samisare+V(p. p)一般将来时willbe going tobe (about)to+V.will be +V(p.p)现在进行时amisare+V.ingamisare+bein g+V(p.p)一般过去时waswere V.edwaswere+V(p. p)现在完成时havehas+V.p.phavehas+bee n+V(p.p)过去完成时had+V.p.phad+been+V(p .p)过去进行时waswere+V.ingwaswere+bein g+V(p.p)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词L+be+V(p.p)被动语态牢记一点，be加动词过去分词。分析句中主和谓，承受者作主语即被动。短语动词不可忘介、副词。另有不及物动词，只有主动无被动。还要注意其时态，与主动语态全相同。不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）： appear, die （死 亡）,disappear （消失），end （vi. 结束），fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词；raise, seat 是及物动词。（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（错）The accident was happened last week.（对）The accident happened last week.（错）The price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义 的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock.3） 系动词无被动语态（“keep”外）：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her.有些动词可以带双宾语在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以带双宾语。在这种情况下，主动结构中的间接宾语变 为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词 for/to, etc.。 即：S+V+IO+DO一 IO + be done +DODO + be done + prep. +IOE.g. 1） My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday.一 Iwas given a gift on my birthday.一 A gift was given to me on my birthday.2） We often hear him play guitar .He is often heard to iplay guitar.Itis often heard from him to play guitar.新被动语态Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作 本身。如：The man got hurt on his way home.那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。How did the glass get broken?杯子怎么破了？注意：有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如 We heard him sing in his room just now. -He was heard to sing in his room just now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。need doing something也表示被动一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to study hard by my mother. Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.一 My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there. 一 Trees are being planted over there by them.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. 一There are twenty more trees to be planted.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；3. 主动语态的主语变为介词“by”的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。 （有时“by”的短语可以省略）；例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. 一A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.一The broken bike was mended by Li Lei thismorning.3. He has written two novels so far.一Two novels have been written by him so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.一Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now.一A letter is being written by Lucy now.6. You must lock the door when you leave.一the door must be locked when you leave.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态 时，须加上“to”。例： make somebody do something一somebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do something一somebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.一My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when shepassed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.一The little boy was made to do heavy work by theboss.4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词， 这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.一A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.一A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. 一A new bike was bought for me by my father.5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或 副词。We cant laugh at him. 一He cant be laughed at by us.He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 构成 be+done.