英语祈使句(精品)

英 语 祈 使 句 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：Go and wash your hands.（去洗你的手。命令）Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.）（请安静。请求）Be kind to our sister.（对姊妹要和善。劝告）Watch your steps（走路小心。警告）Look out！Danger！（小心！危险！强烈警告，已如感叹句） Keep off the grass.（勿践草坪。禁止）No parking.（禁止停车。禁止）二、表现形式肯定结构:1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。否定结构:1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!三"let"带头的祈使句由"let"带头的祈使句是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列两种：1.表示“建议”。这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语，如：(1) Let me try。 (2) Let's do it. (3) Let me go and look for it.这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:(4) a. Don't disturb him. b. Let's not disturb him.(a)是直接命令，语气强烈，不如(b)温柔悦耳。2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如：(5) Let Robert take care of this pet.(6) Let her join our club.用"let"的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let."（见例(7)）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用"Let.not" （见例(8)）：(7) Don't let this type of things happen again.(8) It's raining now. Let's not go out until the rain stops.二、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等：(9) Let the puppy out.(10) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.(11) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.(12) Let me alone, please.三、用"Let's"时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用"Let us"时，并不包括对方，如：(13) Let's try it, shall we?(14) Let us do it by ourselves, will you?从(13)里的"shall we"和(14)里的"will you"，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。1含有第二人称主语的祈使句Be careful！小心！ Don't make such a noise.不要这么吵。1.肯定的祈使句a.句型：动词原形.（省略主语）Stand up.起立。 Be quiet，please.请安静。b.有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do Do sit down. 务必请坐。Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。比较祈使句和陈述句陈述句：You sit down.你坐下来。祈使句：Sit down.坐下 （省略主语you）c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。Go this way，please.请这边走。d.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。Li Ming，come here. 李明，过来。Come here，Li Ming.过来，李明。2.否定的祈使句句型：Don''t +动词原形Don't swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。Don't be late.别迟到。 Please don't be noisy. 请不要大声喧哗。注意表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词动名词”来表示。No smoking! 禁止吸烟！No parking! 禁止停车！ No entry! 不准入内！No litter! 不准乱扔杂物！英语祈使句句型转换祈使句与陈述句的改写1祈使句=You must （陈述句）Come here .过来。=You must come here .你必须过来。Don't do that again.你一定不可以再那样做了。2Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ?（陈述句）Please help me .请帮帮我。=Will you (please) help me？你愿意帮我的忙吗？Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。=Will you (please) come here on time ? 请你准时到好吗？3.含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句Let's say good-bye here.我们在此道别吧。Don't let him do that again.别让他再那么做了。.1.肯定的祈使句句型：·Let+第一人称（me，us）.·Let+第三人称代词（宾格：him，her，it，them）或名词.Let's go at once.咱们马上动身吧。Let me try again.让我再试试。Let Tom go there himself.让汤姆自己去那儿。注意:Let's包括对方，Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。Let's go，shall we？咱们去吧，怎么样？Let us go，will you？让我们去吧，行吗？（征求对方的意见）2.否定的祈使句句型：·Let's（us，me）+not +动词原形.·Don't let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形.Let's not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。Don't let them play with fire.别让他们玩火。句型转换祈使句有时相当一个“if”引导的条件状语从句。祈使句：Use your head and you'll find a way.条件句：If you use your head，you'll find a way.注意回答Let's的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let's.否定时用NO，let's not.祈使句变反意疑问句的方法：祈使句后的反意疑问句形式a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)?b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you ?Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )?c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些.如:Have a rest , will you ? Stand up , will (won't you)?祈使句复习要点1. 祈使句的特征:祈使句用来表示请求、命令、建议、劝告、警告等。如:Go and open the door.其主语一般是第二人称，但往往被省去。其谓语须用动词原形，否定结构是在动词原形前加dont。如:Dont be late.句子末尾用句号或感叹号，通常用降调。为表示礼貌，句前或句末可加上please。如:Be quiet， please. = Please be quiet.祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不与情态动词连用。2. 祈使句的几个注意问题:肯定的祈使句前可用助动词do来加强语气，多译为一定。如:Do have some more tea.祈使句除用动词开头外，还可用名词、形容词、副词等开头。如:Hands up! / No parking! / No fishing! / Careful! / Quickly! / Help! / Another cup of tea， please. / Just a minute， please! / This way， please!祈使句的主语在需要强调时可以出现。如:Nobody move. / Dont you forget. / Stand up， everybody. / You go away.祈使句之后的附加疑问句:在肯定的祈使句之后，附加疑问句常用will you? / wont you? / would you? / could you? / can you? / cant you? 如:Have dinner with us， will you? / wont you? / would you?在否定的祈使句之后，附加疑问句常用will you? / can you? 如:Dont make a noise， will you? / can you?以lets 开头的祈使句之后，附加疑问句常用shall we? 如:Lets go out at about six oclock， shall we?当祈使句之后用and / or连接另一个分句时，该祈使句相当于一个条件句。如:Try again and you will succeed. (=If you try again， you will succeed.)Write it down， or you will forget it. (=If you dont write it down， you will forget it.)I. 单项选择( )7. _ this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried( )8. _ the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now. A. Not turn on B. Dont turn on C. Not turn down D. Dont turn down( )9. Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven.OK, I _. A. will B. wont C. do D. dont( )10. Peter, dont step on the grass._. A. It doesnt matter B. I cant do it C. Dont worry D. Sorry, I wont do it again( )11. Remember to ask her to call me back._.A. Never mind B. Thats right C. Up to you D. All right( )12. Lets go out and enjoy the sunshine.¬_. Its boring to stay at home.A. Sounds great B. Not at all C. Forget it D. No way( )13. _ late for school again, Tim!Sorry, I promise that I _.A. Dont; wont B. Dont be; wont C. Dont be; dont D. Dont; will( )14. Boys and girls, _ up your hands if you want to go for a picnic this weekend A. putting B. to put C. put D. puts( )15 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard”A Stop B Dont C Cant D No( )16. Sindy, _ to be here at 8 oclockA is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure( )17._ when you cross the road.A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful( )18. _him the secret, will you?A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling( )19. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes.A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read( )20. _ Your child. Well look after him.A Not to worry about B Dont worry aboutC Not worry for D Dont worry with( )21.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest?A not they B do not they C dont they D not to( )22 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest?- All right. A Why not B How about C Why not to D why dont( ) 23 _ tell a lie.A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )24.Please _ look outside. Look at the blackboard.A not B dont C arent D cant( )25. Why dont you join us in the game?A What not B Why not C Why to D How to( ) 26 _ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang.A Lets B Let me C Letus D Allow( )27 John, read the text for us,_?A does he B will he C do you D will you( )28. Lets do it at once, _?A shall we B will you C do we D do you( )29. Let us do it at once, _ ?A shall we B will you C do we D do you 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.A 15.B