英语形容词和副词的用法讲解

Foreign Language Department COCOLecture 6:英语形容词和副词的用法讲解英语形容词和副词的用法讲解Foreign Language Department COCOTranslation of“好”n1.我们是好朋友。我们是好朋友。n2.我有好消息告诉你。我有好消息告诉你。n3.她心地好。她心地好。n4.她好看。她好看。n5.她钢琴弹得好。她钢琴弹得好。n6.这本书博得广大读者好评这本书博得广大读者好评.n7.这笔部好使。这笔部好使。n8.那段时间他们的日子不好那段时间他们的日子不好过。过。n9.他英语说得好他英语说得好n10.听好！听好！n11.你做的饭真好吃。你做的饭真好吃。n12.这个问题好回答。这个问题好回答。n13.这件事好办。这件事好办。n14.好热。好热。n15.如果这个问题处理不好会如果这个问题处理不好会惹麻烦。惹麻烦。n16.这本书好看。这本书好看。n17.幸好周围有人。幸好周围有人。n18.把她的地址告诉我，我好把她的地址告诉我，我好找她。找她。Foreign Language Department COCO请写出下列句子，注意形容词、副词的位置及用法n有好的有好的 可爱的可爱的 可能的可能的 孤独的孤独的 丑丑n他说话时对我很友好。n他英语说得很好。Foreign Language Department COCO4.1 4.1 形容词及其用法形容词及其用法n形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。n1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。：hot hot 热的热的Foreign Language Department COCOn2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。如：afraid afraid 害怕的害怕的n()He is an ill man.n()()The man is ill.The man is ill.n()She is an afraid girl.n()()The girl is afraid.The girl is afraid.n这类词还有：wellwell，unwellunwell，illill，faintfaint，afraidafraid，alikealike，alivealive，alonealone，asleepasleep，awakeawake等。P139P139Foreign Language Department COCOn3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。如：something something nicenicen4.2 4.2 以以-ly-ly结尾的形容词结尾的形容词n1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。n如：friendlyfriendly，deadlydeadly，lovelylovely，lonelylonely，likelylikely，livelylively，uglyugly，brotherlybrotherly，仍为形容，仍为形容词词。n改错：()She sang lovely.n（）Her singing was lovely.Her singing was lovely.Foreign Language Department COCOn()He spoke to me very friendly.n（）He spoke to me in a very friendly way.He spoke to me in a very friendly way.n2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。如：dailydaily，weeklyweekly，monthlymonthly，yearlyyearly，early.early.The Times is a daily paper.The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.The Times is published daily.n4.3 4.3 用形容词表示类别和整体用形容词表示类别和整体n1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the deadthe dead，the livingthe living，the richthe rich，the poorthe poor，the blindthe blind，the hungrythe hungrynThe poor are losing hope.The poor are losing hope.Foreign Language Department COCO4.4 4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词的顺序n 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：n限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-出处-材料性质，类别-名词na small round tablea small round tablea tall gray buildinga tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoola famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports caran expensive Japanese sports carForeign Language Department COCO4.5 4.5 副词及其基本用法副词及其基本用法n副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：n1 1）在动词之前。在动词之前。n2 2）在在bebe动词、助动词之后。动词、助动词之后。n3 3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。词后。n注意：Foreign Language Department COCOna.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。nWe could see very clearly a strange We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.light ahead of us.nb.方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。他英语说得很好。nHe speaks English well.He speaks English well.n二、副词的排列顺序：1 1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。在后。Foreign Language Department COCOn2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。nPlease write slowly and carefully.Please write slowly and carefully.n3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。n注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。n改错：()I very like English.n()I like English very much.()I like English very much.Foreign Language Department COCOn注意：副词注意：副词enoughenough要放在形容词的后面，形容要放在形容词的后面，形容词词enoughenough放在名词前后都可。放在名词前后都可。nI dont know him well enough.I dont know him well enough.nThere is enough food for everyone to eat.There is enough food for everyone to eat.nThere is food enough for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.n4.6 4.6 兼有两种形式的副词兼有两种形式的副词n1 1）closeclose与与closelycloselyncloseclose意思是意思是“近近”；closelyclosely意思是意思是“仔细地仔细地”nHe is sitting close to me.He is sitting close to me.nWatch him closely.Watch him closely.Foreign Language Department COCOn2 2）late late 与与latelylatelynlatelate意思是意思是“晚晚”；lately lately 意思是意思是“最近最近”nYou have come too late.You have come too late.nWhat have you been doing latelyWhat have you been doing lately？n3 3）deepdeep与与deeplydeeplyndeepdeep意思是意思是“深深”，表示空间深度；，表示空间深度；deeplydeeply时时常表示感情上的深度，常表示感情上的深度，“深深地深深地”nHe pushed the stick deep into the mud.He pushed the stick deep into the mud.nEven father was deeply moved by the film.Even father was deeply moved by the film.Foreign Language Department COCOn4 4）highhigh与与highlyhighlynhighhigh表示空间高度；表示空间高度；highlyhighly表示程度，相当于表示程度，相当于muchmuchnThe plane was flying high.The plane was flying high.nI think highly of your opinion.I think highly of your opinion.n5 5）widewide与与widelywidelyn wide wide表示空间宽度；表示空间宽度；widelywidely意思是意思是“广泛广泛地地”，“在许多地方在许多地方”nHe opened the door wide.He opened the door wide.nEnglish is widely used in the world.English is widely used in the world.Foreign Language Department COCOn6 6）freefree与与freelyfreelynfreefree的意思是的意思是“免费免费”；freely freely 的意思是的意思是“无限制地无限制地”nYou can eat free in my restaurant You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.whenever you like.nYou may speak freely;say what you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.n4.7 as+4.7 as+形容词或副词原级形容词或副词原级+as+asn1 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用）在否定句或疑问句中可用so asso as。nHe cannot run so/as fast as you.He cannot run so/as fast as you.Foreign Language Department COCOn2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。nas+as+形容词形容词+a+a+单数名词单数名词nas+many/much+as+many/much+名词名词na.This is as good an example as the other a.This is as good an example as the other is.is.nb.I can carry as much paper as you can.b.I can carry as much paper as you can.n3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。na.This room is twice as big as that one.a.This room is twice as big as that one.nb.Your room is the same size as mine.b.Your room is the same size as mine.Foreign Language Department COCOn4）倍数+as+adj.+as倍数+then+ofna.This bridge is three times as long a.This bridge is three times as long as that one.as that one.nb.This bridge is three times the b.This bridge is three times the length of that one.length of that one.nc.Your room is twice as large as mine.c.Your room is twice as large as mine.nd.Your room is twice the size of mine.d.Your room is twice the size of mine.Foreign Language Department COCO4.8 4.8 比较级形容词或副词比较级形容词或副词 +than+thann You are taller than I.You are taller than I.nThey lights in your room are as bright as They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.those in mine.n注意：n1）要避免重复使用比较级。n(错错)He is more)He is more cleverercleverer than his brother.than his brother.n(对对)He is more clever than his brother.)He is more clever than his brother.n(对对)He is clever than his brother.)He is clever than his brother.Foreign Language Department COCOn2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。n()China is larger that any country in Asia.n()China is larger than any other()China is larger than any other countries in Asia.countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。nThe population of Shanghai is larger The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.than that of Beijing.nIt is easier to make a plan than to It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.carry it out.Foreign Language Department COCOn4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。n比较：比较：Which is large,Canada or Which is large,Canada or AustraliaAustralia？nWhich is the larger country,Canada or Which is the larger country,Canada or AustraliaAustralia？nShe is taller than her two sisters.She is taller than her two sisters.nShe is the taller of the two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.Foreign Language Department COCO4.9 4.9 可修饰比较级的词可修饰比较级的词n1 1）a bit,a little,rather,much,far,a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,evenany,still,even等等n2 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。语。n3 3）以上词）以上词(除除by far)by far)外，必须置于比较级形外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。容词或副词的前面。Foreign Language Department COCO4.10 many,old 4.10 many,old 和和 farfarn1)如果后接名词时，much more+much more+不可数名词、不可数名词、many more+many more+可数可数名词复数名词复数n2)old 有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。nMy elder brother is an engineer.My elder brother is an engineer.nMary is the eldest of the three sistersMary is the eldest of the three sisters.n3)far 有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。nI have nothing further to say.I have nothing further to say.Foreign Language Department COCO4.11 the+4.11 the+最高级最高级 +比较范围比较范围n1)The Sahara is the biggest desert in 1)The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.the world.n形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。n形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。nIt is a most important problem.=It is a It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.very important problem.Foreign Language Department COCOn注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。n()Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.n()Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.n2)下列词可修饰最高级，by far,far,much,mostly,almostnThis hat is nearly/almost the biggest.This hat is nearly/almost the biggest.n注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。nThis is the very best.This is the very best.nThis is much the best.This is much the best.nb.序数词通常只修饰最高级。nAfrica is the second largest continent.Africa is the second largest continent.Foreign Language Department COCOn3)句型转换：nMike is the most intelligent in his Mike is the most intelligent in his class.class.nMike is more intelligent than any other Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.students in his class.n4)“否定词语+比较级”，“否定词语+so as”结构表示最高级含义。nNothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.thing.Foreign Language Department COCO4.12 4.12 和和moremore有关的词组有关的词组n1)the more the more1)the more the more越越就越就越nThe harder you workThe harder you work，the greater the greater progress youll make.progress youll make.n2)more B than A2)more B than A与其说与其说A A不如说不如说B Bnless A than B less A than B nHe is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.He is less slow than lazy at his work.Foreign Language Department COCOn3)no more than 3)no more than 与与一样一样，不，不比比多多nThe officials could see no more than The officials could see no more than the Emperor.the Emperor.nno less thanno less than与与一样一样nHe is no less diligent than you.He is no less diligent than you.n4)more than4)more than不只是，非常不只是，非常nShe is more than kind to us allShe is more than kind to us all