八年级第一单元知识汇总

八下Unit One 知识汇总一、重点短语 1. have a (high) fever 发烧2. have a cough 咳嗽3. have a toothache 牙疼 have(bad) headache.头痛1 have a lot of headaches.经常头痛4. talk too much 说得太多5. drink enough water 喝足够的水6. have a（bad) cold 受凉;感冒=have got a （bad) cold =catch a cold7. have a stomachache 胃疼8. have a sore back 背疼9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. Drink some hot tea with honey 喝些加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医 go to a dentist 去看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take ones temperature 量体温 take a break=take breaks 休息15. put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 去看医生21. go along 沿着走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without thinking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to ones surprise 使. 惊讶的是28. thanks to 幸亏 ；由于29. in time 及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从出来35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎.37. fall down 摔倒,跌落38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖get a hit on the head 头部受到了撞击Get a hit by a ball/stone被球/石头击中 get sunburned 晒伤41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难 have problems （in）doing 做某事有困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so.that 如此 以至于48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在困境中50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up (doing）sth 放弃（做）某事54.save ones life 挽救某人的生命 save ones own life 挽救某人自己的生命55.be ready to do sth. 准备好干某事 He is always ready to help others.56.in a situation 处于的情况/处境下57.When +climbing =when he was climbing I saw him playing football when(I was) passing by the playground.58. by oneself 亲自 ，自己 I will finish it by myself.二、重点句型1. Whats the matter?Whats the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you?= Whats wrong with you?你怎么了？（询问麻烦）2. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？（询问解决办法或建议）Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？主语+ should/shouldnt + 动词原形.You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。 You shouldnt go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or abook?你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？4. I think I sat in the same way for too long withoutmoving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital三重点语言点1.Language goals:1）. Talk about your health problems and accidents.problem n. 问题，难题，习题（有待解决环境、人口等大问题或生活中的烦恼的难以解决的问题）This question is a problem. question n. 问题（有待询问或回答的问题） They are doing some math problems/exercises. May I ask you a question ?2）. Give advice(建议).advice（不可数）n. 建议，忠告，劝告 give sb some/much/a lot of/lots of advice a piece of advice 一条建议 2.表示身体（body)部位的名词：hair头发 head 头，face 脸，eye 眼睛，nose鼻子， ear 耳朵，mouth嘴， tooth(teeth)牙齿， neck脖子，throat喉咙，heart心脏，leg腿，foot（feet)足，脚，knee膝盖，stomach胃部，腹部，肚子，back背部，后背，shoulder肩膀，arm胳膊，手臂，finger手指。3. 在英语中，表达“疼痛或不舒服”时的常用结构：(1)主语+have/has+a 病症 have a cold/fever (2)主语+have/has+a+sore+发病部位 sore 是一个独立的形容词，指的是身体某一部位的酸痛。 如：sore back, sore throat,sore neck, sore leg(3)主语+have/has+a+部位-ache -ache作后缀，常与表示身体部位的名词合成一个新词，表身体某部位疼痛，如:toothache, headache, stomachache.(4)have/has a pain in/on the +身体部位 I have a pain in the arm/back/head. 我胳膊/后背/头疼。（大部分用in, in代表身体的一部分或身体里） （5）(There is)something wrong with +ones+部位 某人某部位不舒服/出了毛病。（6） 身体部位+hurt表示“某部位疼”如：My leg hurts.我腿疼。4.too much 太多 可修饰不可数名词 I always worried too much. He drinks too much water every day. much too太 修饰形容词和副词 much too dear/fast too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数You have already tried too many times.5. enough adj/adv做够(的），充分（的） 1.)have enough+n.+to do sth 有足够的.去做. 2.) adj./adv.enough to do sth= so + adj./adv.+ that从句 足够.去做某事 如此.以至于.He is old enough to join the army.=He is so old that he can join the army.3. )not adj./adv.enough to do sth=too adj./adv.to do sth不够.去做某事 太.而不能. He isnt old enough to carry the big stone.=He is too young to carry the big stone.6. 介词with的用法1）用，使用工具或手段 He is writing with a pen. 他用钢笔写字。2）和，表陪伴 Will you go home with me? 你和我一起回家吗？3）随着，与.什么同时The shadow moves with the sun.影子随着太阳而动。4）表本身拥有 The girl with two big eyes is my sister. 那个大眼睛的女孩是我的妹妹。7. lie V.（1）躺，位于 lay lain lying The girl lying on the road is my teacher. All the motels lie beside the road.所有的汽车旅馆都位于公路两边.（2） 说谎 lied lied lying 谎言 n. tell a lie 说谎=tell lies A half truth is often no better than a lie. 半真半假的话不见得比说谎要好。 He lied that his school lay in the north of the city. 他撒谎说他的学校位于城市的北面。8.see sb. do sth. 看见某人干某事 I see Mary pick up the wallet.(钱包)强调动作已经完成,看到了全过程see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在干某事 I saw her dancing in the street.强调动作正在进行 When I walked past the park,I saw some old people-Chinese Taiji.see/watch/notice/hear几个动词也具有上述两种用法。9.except 希望，期待1）except+to do sth She excepts to go to school tomorrow. 她期望明天去上学。2）except+sb. to do sth He excepts her to go with him. 他期望她和他一起去。3）except+名词/代词 Im excepting a letter from her. 我正在等她的信。4）+that从句 I except that hell come back tomorrow. 我希望他明天回来。10.agree agree to do sth同意做某事 My mother agree to buy me a gift. agree with sb.同意某人的（意见） I agree with you. agree on sth 同意某事 We agree on the question.11. trouble 1)n.麻烦 have trouble（in）doing 做某事有麻烦 get into trouble 陷入困境 2）v.使麻烦、使烦恼 Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦。12. fall v跌倒、跌落 fell fallen fall off 从.上掉下来 fall down 跌倒 fall into 跌入.里13. run it under the water 用水冲洗(伤口）14. 1）be interested in 对.感兴趣 （做表语，主语为人） I am interested in English. We would be interested to hear your views. 我们很想听听你的看法。 2）interesting adj.有趣的 （主语为物，做定于和表语） an interesting thing It is interesting. 3）surprise v.使吃惊，使惊讶 surprise sb使某人感到吃惊15.run out 用光，用尽 主语常为 时间食物金钱，无被动My money has run out.run out of 用尽 耗尽 主语为人I have run out of money.16. 过去分词作定语 the dog called Beibei is mine. He is a teacher loved by his students.17. mean v.意思是. 意味着. What do you mean?你的意思是什么？ mean that从句 .意味着. mean to do 打算干某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事meaning 意思(n.) Whats the meaning of? 的意思是什么？ Whats your meaning? 你的意思是什么？18.sound 听起来，可做系动词，后接形容词作表语 sound like 听起来像 后接名词或名词短语作表语 The song sounds beautiful.这首歌听起来优美。 you sound like a normal person. 你听起来像是个正常的人。 19.away from 远离 As long as you can keep away from him，youre safe.只要你远离他，你就安全了。 20.in the same way 以相同的方式She worked out the math problem in the same way. 21.without 无，没有，不You cant buy things without money.He left just now without saying any words.22. fall down 做“跌落，掉下来”时， 常与from 连用The boy fall down from the tree.23. run out 用光，用尽。 主语常为时间食物金钱，无被动语态。 My money has run out. run out of 用尽 耗尽。 主语为人。 I have run out of money.24.own 1）adj.自己的 my own eyes 2).v.拥有 owner 主人，物主I want to talk to the owner of the house,and do you know who owns it?25.be ready to do sth. 准备好干某事 He is always ready to help others.26.When +climbing =when he was climbing I saw him playing football when(I was) passing by the playground.27. Knife -knives ,规则：f/feves，类似的词有：Wife knife wolf shelf thief leaf 妻子拿刀去砍狼 ，架后小偷用叶挡。28. so that 以便，为了 =in order to=in order that 表示目的，引导目的状语从句。 I ran fast so that I could catch up with him.=I ran fast in order to catch up with him=I run fast in order that I could catch up with him.so adj./adv. that 如此.以至于. 表示结果，引导结果状语从句。 He ran so fast that I couldnt catch up with him.such (a/an) +adj.+n. that 如此.以至于.表示结果，引导结果状语从句。 He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.These are such difficult questions that no one can answer them.We had such terrible weather that we had nothing to do.29.give up 放弃give up sth give up the plan /give it up give up doing sth give up smoking 戒烟 30.keep on doing 继续坚持做某事（今后或将来做某事） We must keep on working hard in the coming year. keep doing 继续做某事(动作的持续状态) He kept standing out.31.Should 情态动词 应该 无人称与数的变化肯：主语+should +动原+其他。否：主语+should +not+动原+其他。疑：should +主语+动原+其他？其他表示建议的句型：1)shall we/I+动原？2)Lets +动原？3)How about /what about+doing?4)Youd better (not)do5)Why dont you do sth?四重要句子1.Thats probably why.2.You need to take a break away from the computer.3. The bus driver stopped the bus without thinking twice.4. Thanks to Mr. Wang and passengers, the doctors saved the man in time5. Its sad that many people dont want to help others because they dont want any trouble.6. He bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.7. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.8. In this book,Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions and of being in control of ones life.9.Do we have the same spirit as Aron?10.Look! What is happening over there? Hi, Mary! What happened to you?