《过去分词的用法》PPT课件.ppt

The Use Of V - ed 分 词 现在分词：动词原形 +-ing 过去分词：动词原形 +-ed 1.语态上 现在分词 :表示 主动 的动作 过去分词 :表示 已经被动 的动作 I heard someone opening the door. I heard the door opened. 2.时间上 现在分词 : 表示 正在进行 的动作 过去分词 :表示 完成 的意思 the changing world the changed world the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling water boiled water developing countries developed countries 动词 -ed形式作 定语 动词 -ed形式作 表语 动词 -ed形式作 补语 动词 -ed形式作 状语 作表语 I was very excited that we won the game. 分词作 表语 表示 主语 的某种性质或状态 注意： 现在分词 表示主语的性质，主语多为 物 过去分词 表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为 人 。 e.g. He was very excited. The book was rather boring. 过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受； 现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。 动名词 作表语，表语和主语几乎处于同等地位， 可以互换位置 ，其句意不变； 现在分词 作表语， 表语和主语则 不能互换位置 。 My job is interesting. 我的工作很有趣。 My job is teaching maths. 我的工作是教数学。 误： Interesting is my job. 正： Teaching maths is my job. 动名词和现在分词的区别 2. Past Participle used as predicative The shop is _(close). closed Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ (pay) by the hour. paid There are two glasses which are _ (break). broken There are two broken glasses. The person who feels _ (excite) is Ronaldo. excited The excited person is Ronaldo. 作定语 1、现在分词作 定语 ，当 分词单独 做定语时，放在所修饰 的名词前；如果是 分词短语 做定语放在名词后。 They found a damaged car at the gate of the park. I have read this book written by LuXun. 单词分词 +被修饰的词 被修饰的词 +分词短语 2、注意 : 不定代词 +单个分词 在修饰 something， nothing， anything， someone等词时要 置于它们的后面 。 There is nothing interesting. There is something missing The ground is covered by _ (fall) leaves. fallen 1. Past Participle used as attribute These _ (want) people are from Hong Kong. wanted This will be the best novel of its kind ever _(write). written that has ever been written. Who were the so-called guests _ (invite) to Jacky Chuang s concert last month? invited that had been invited She is drinking _ (boil) water. boiled She is drinking the water which was boiled. 分词一般只在两类动词后作补语 感觉、感官动词 ： see observe notice watch hear smell listen to look at feel find 使役、致使动词 ： catch set have make get start leave keep 此用法中 : 现在分词 表示正在进行的主动意义， 过去分词 表示已完成的被动意义 作宾补 He found the door _(lock). 他发现门锁上了 I watched the boy _(climb) the tree. 我看见那男孩正在爬树。 I heard someone _(knock) at the door. 我听见有人敲门 locked climbing knocking make 后的宾语补足语只用过去分词，不能用现 在分词 She still couldn t make herself understood in English He couldn t make himself believed set 后的宾语补足语只用现在分词，不能用过 去分词 The joke set them all laughing His word set us thinking deeply 注意 注意： 在 have或 get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语 多是过去分 词 ，而它所表示的动作又往往 由别人所完成 We must get the television repaired. 我们必须把电视机修好。 (请别人修 ) I am going to have my hair cut. 我要去剪头发。 区分 have 的几种结构： 1.have sth. to do 有某事要做 2.have sth done 使某事被做 3.have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 4.have sth. doing 让某事一直做着 Translation 1. 我有些话要说。 I have some words to say. 2. 昨天我理了发。 I had my hair cut yesterday. 4. 别让机器一直开着。 Don t have the machine running. 3. 我叫弟弟寄了一封信。 I had my brother post a letter. Exercises 1、 The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 2、 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D.smoked 作状语 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.) 分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果等，现在分词 一般不用作表目的地状语 （通常用不定式表目的地状语）。 1） 表时间状语 （相当于 when引导的从句） 见到猫，老鼠就跑了 Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off 2) 表原因状语（ 相当于 as , since ,because 引导的从句） 既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习 Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.） 3)表方式、伴随情况地状语 ：作伴随状语地分词表示 的动作，必须是 主语的一个动作 ，或是 与谓语所表 示地动作（或状态）同时发生 ，或是 对谓语表示地 动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明 。 She stood there waiting for the bus.她站在那儿等公共 汽车 他坐在椅子上看报 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper 4) 表结果（ 相当于 so that引导的从句） Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. 5)表条件（ 相当于 if , unless引导的从句） Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。 Walking ahead， you will see a white house 现在分词的完成式 过去分词没有时态形式的变化，过去分词只有一般式，没有 完成式，只有主动式，没有被动式 现在分词的时态形式 having+过去分词 一般式 writing 完成式 having written 现在分词完成式 其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动 作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。如： Having done his homework， the schoolboy began to write his diary.这个小学生做完作业后，开始写日记。 (having done his homework发生在 began之前，表示时间。 ) 一般式 being+过去分词 表示被动动作 e.g. I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。 现在分词的被动语态 将否定词 not置于分词之前 not +分词 Not knowing English, he didn t know what she wanted. 由于不懂英语，他不知道她想要什么。 Not having finished his work， he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公室。 分词的否定式 Homework Make use of different learning resources to summarize the rules of v- ing forms.