物流英语logistics-english(中).ppt

Chapter 5 Retailing Logistics 欧阳斌 张耀平 Knowledge Learning Objective To understand the role of retailing logistics To know the retailing logistics activities To learn the retailing logistics management Skill Developing Objective Communication skills in introducing the retailing logistics Communication skills in retailing logistics technique Writing skills in introducing the retailing logistics New Words and Phrases pharmacy 5fB:mEsi n.药房 , 药剂学 , 配药业 , 制药业 , 一批备用药品 fragility frE5dViliti n.脆弱 , 虚弱 previously spacious 5speiFEs adj.广大的 , 大规模的 haulier 5hC:ljE, -liE n.拖曳者 , 货运马车夫 anticipation 7Antisi5peiFEn n.预期 , 预料 adequately adv.充分地 assessment E5sesmEnt n.(为征税对财产所作的 )估价 , 被估定的金 额 Text 1 Retail Supply Chains The retail industry is large in size and diverse in type. It includes department stores, supermarkets, discount chains, fast food outlets, liquor stores, pharmacies, hardware, fashion, hairdressers, funeral services and related stores. A full range of nationally approved, training package courses from entry to managerial level is available in Retail, Community Pharmacy and Wholesale that focus on the development of both technical and general business skills as well as developing broader competencies in problem solving, communication and teamwork. Text 1 Retail Supply Chains Direct Store Delivery (DSD) manages distribution from manufacturer to retailer in order to avoid storing in warehouses Distribution center Manufacturer Retailer Customer Direct Store Delivery Text 1 Retail Supply Chains High transportation costs High storing costs High demand variability Distant markets Fragility and merchandising difficulty Short shelf life of many grocery products Responsibility for unsold products Lack of information of customer preferences Text 1 Retail Supply Chains Goods go directly from the manufacturer to the retailer Short delivery lead time “Route accounting” process is being used Information flow directly from retailer to manufacturer the manufacturer is first part logistic provider. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a variant of DSD Text 1 Retail Supply Chains Traditional approach: Manufacturer Ware- house Retailer Manufacturers responsibility area Information flow Physical flow Text 1 Retail Supply Chains DSD approach: Manufacturer Retailer Manufacturers responsibility area Information flow Physical flow W are ho us e Text 1 Retail Supply Chains Large initial investments Geographical distance between the manufacturer and retailers should be rather short Tight manufacturer/retailer cooperation Tailor made DSD systems for every retailer Continuous performance control Efficient route planning system Text 1 Retail Supply Chains Large receiving capacity at the retailers if several deliveries arrive at the same time Valuable, spacious or sensible products or some other reason for having no inventory Use full truckload deliveries as far as possible Text 1 Retail Supply Chains Understanding the power of DSD for specific categories to drive growth, profit and productivity is seen as a key for both manufacturers and retailers to win in the future. Orders are made directly by retailer to manufacturer The ideal would be to ship directly from the manufacturer to the retailer without going trough the warehouse of the manufacturer. A logistics structure with no retailer buffers Traditional distribution Direct Store Delivery Text 1 Retail Supply Chains Text 1 Retail Supply Chains The transports are made by the manufacturers transportation fleet (or hired hauliers) The drivers are responsible for anticipation of the orders and delivery of products The drivers use mobile solutions to communicate with the office/warehouse Text 1 Retail Supply Chains The drivers can: verify the accuracy of the customers order. report OS while distribution centers (DCs) handle most products in receiving, picking, packaging and shipping. Ws perform a minimum of value-added activities (receive-store-ship generally in original forms), while DCs perform a great deal of value-added activities, e.g., final assembly. Ws collect data in batches (generally receive and ship goods in batches), while DCs collect data in real time. Text 1 What Is a Distribution Center? Ws store all products (slow or fast moving), while DCs hold predominantly high demand items. Ws focus on minimizing the operating costs to meet shipping requirements, while DCs focus on maximizing the profit impact of fulfilling customer delivery requirement. Text 1 What Is a Distribution Center? Operation Flow of Distribution Center There are seven steps of operation flow in the distribution center. Goods consolidation： It refers to receive goods from various plants and suppliers. Storage： It refers to keep the goods in the warehouses. Text 1 What Is a Distribution Center? Order Picking： It refers to pick up the destined goods according to the orders. Purchase： It refers to make orders with the suppliers. Order fill： It refers to fill the orders. Sorting： It refers to put the goods into separated package according to the order. Distribution： It refers to dispatch the goods in the specific transportation mode. Text 1 What Is a Distribution Center? Cost of Distribution Distribution is an important aspect of a companys marketing and production effort and the costs of distribution bear on the final delivered cost of any product. Transportation costs： The most used mode of transportation is highway motor transport. But the cost of this mode is relatively high. Changing the location and the number of warehouses change transportation costs in unanticipated and complex ways. Text 1 What Is a Distribution Center? Storage costs： To provide customer service through the companys chosen channels of distribution, some warehousing is required. The keeping of stocks gives rise to costs. Costs of production： It varies between locations, with the level of investment and with the volume of output. Production decisions must take account of distribution costs. Text 1 What Is a Distribution Center? Communications and data processing costs： It varies with the complexity of the distribution function and operation. This includes the level of customer service provided, order processing, inventory control and transport documentation. d c a e Q f g h b j i 8 8 8 7 3 4 5 4 4 7 10 初始配送路线图 Role Play 1 Target Distribution Center Exercises Team work： talking face to face, and think it over, discuss the following questions. 1 What is distribution center? 2 Why is distribution center close to the major market? 3 How do you understand the difference between distribution center and warehouse? Role Play 1 Target Distribution Center 4 What basic function the distribution centers have? 5 How do you understand the cost of distribution? 6 On your opinion, how to reduce the distribution costs? Text 2 Warehouse Management With coming into the 21st century, management began to question the need for so many warehouses. Costs were rising; goods were not moving fast enough, the demand for quicker response times increased and consumer demand for greater variety rose. Retailers found it difficult to source in sufficient quantity from a single supplier. The cost of small orders became expensive to transportation and therefore it was necessary to have a more centralized warehouse holding a greater variety of inventory for a larger dependent regional area. d c a Q f g h b j i e 5 5 4 6 7 8 3 7 2 9 10 4 最佳配送线路 Role Play 2 Distribution Opportunities Exercises Team work： talking face to face, and think it over, discuss the following questions. 1 When did Starbucks start seeing a larger opportunity in China? 2 Why is Starbucks growing in popularity? 3 How do you adjust to accommodate the tastes of the Chinese marketplace? Role Play 2 Distribution Opportunities 4 What are some of the differences from doing business in America? 5 Whats the most popular drink in China? 6 How do you handle distribution issues as you expand in China? Case Study Turbocharged Warehouse -rIz- n.货柜运输 , 货柜装货 intermodal 7intE(:)5mEudl 联合 运输的 transshipment n.转载 stacked 俚 妖艳的 身材婀娜多姿的 sturdy 5stE:di adj.强健的 , 坚定的 , 毫不含 糊的 n.兽医 家畜晕倒病 unduly 5Qn5dju:li adv.不适当地 , 过度 地 , 不正当地 payload 5pei7lEud n.有效载荷 Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future Containerization is an intermodal system of transporting the general cargo or product in lots which are too small for the traditional bulk transport system, using ISO standard containers. The goods can be easily moved from one location to another in these containers which can be loaded intact onto container ships, trucks, railroad cars and planes. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future Container Transportation With the expansion of international trade, the container service has become popular. The transportation of international trading is nowadays frequently carried out in containers. The usage of containers provides a highly efficient form of transport by road, rail and air though its fullest benefits are felt in shipping, where cost may be reduced by as much as one half. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future Sizes of Containers Containers are constructed of metal and are of standards lengths from ten to forty feet. 20-foot container and 40-foot container have become more common. The 20-foot container has become the standard unit of measure quoted in terms of “TEUs” or twenty-foot equivalent units. One 40-foot container equates to two TEUs. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future The Advantage of Containers The advantage of containers from the shippers point of view is that freight can be loaded and the box sealed before it leaves the warehouse. The goods themselves are not touched again until the customer receives the container and opens it. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future There is no risk of goods getting lost or mislaid in transit. Manpower in handling is greatly reduced, with lower costs and less risk of damage. Overall transportation cost can be reduced since container shipment offers the economy of mass transportation and minimizes the need for transshipment. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future Usage of container reduces the time ships spend in port and greatly increase the number of sailings. Temperature-controlled containers are provided for the types of cargo that need them. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future The Disadvantage of Containers Containers have a restricted application in inland transportation. Because containers on ships must be stacked, they must be sturdy in construction. In turn, this makes them heavytoo heavy for road transport since they unduly restrict payloads. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future The FCL Service If the exporter intends to fill a full container load (FCL), the forwarder of shipping line will be prepared to send an empty container to the exporter for loading. The container is sealed with the carriers seal, this is sometimes done by the shipper. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future The LCL Service If the cargo is less than a full container load (LCL), the exporter sends it to the container freight stations (CFSs), where it will be consolidated with the goods of other exporters in a group container. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future Inter-modal Transportation Inter-modal transportation refers to the movement of a shipment from origin to destination utilizing two or more different modes of transport. It involves a variety of shipment, transshipment and warehousing activities. The whole intent of inter-modal transport is to allow the shipper to take advantage of the best characteristics of all modes: the convenience of road, the long-distance movement efficiency of rail, and the capacity of ocean shipping. Text 1 Containerization- Past, Present and Future Therefore, inter-modal transportation offers the opportunity to combine modes and find a less costly alternative than a single transport mode. Numerous technical improvements, such as river/sea shipping and better rail/road integration, have been established to reduce interchange cost, but containerization remains the most significant achievement so far. 公 集 代 公 集 代 公 集 代 公 集 代 接 收 接 收 D D N / X 2 5 / F R / P S T N /因 特 网 等 银 行 系 统 中 铁 集 系 统 保 险 系 统 海 关 /商 检 系 统 海 运 系 统 其 它 系 统 A火车站 B火车站 配送提单 车站运单 车站运单 运单申请 投保 付款 计划 同 系 集 装 箱 多 式 联 运 营 运 系 统 Role Play 1 Import and Export Business Exercises Oral Practice: practice the above dialogue with your partner until you can learn the lines by heart. Role Play 1 Import and Export Business Team work: make up a dialogue according to the following situation and practice it with your partner. Situation： Jerry is a clerk of a logistics company. Now he is talking with his customer about the loading and unloading port. Text 2 The Nature of Intermodalism Competition between the modes has tended to produce a transport system that is segmented and un-integrated. Each mode has sought to exploit its own advantages in terms of cost, service, reliability and safety. Carriers have tried to retain business by maximizing the line-haul trucks under their control. All the modes saw the other modes as competitors, and were viewed with suspicion and mistrust. The lack of integration between the modes was also accentuated by public policy that has frequently barred companies from owning firms in other modes (as in the U.S. before deregulation), or has placed a mode under direct state monopoly control (as in Europe). Modalism was also favored because of the difficulties of transferring goods from one mode to another, thereby incurring additional terminal costs and delays. 深圳 苏州 货代 A1 西安 成都 货代 A2 货代 A3 货代 B1 货代 B2 货代 B3 货代 C1 货代 C2 货代 C3 货代 D1 货代 D2 货代 D3 集装箱多式联运品牌 : Role Play 2 The Economics Exercises Oral Practice: practice the above dialogue with your partner until you can learn the lines by heart. Role Play 2 The Economics Team work: make up a dialogue according to the following situation and practice it with your partner. Situation： Jenny is planning to import the goods. She need the help of the XinXing International Logistics Co.,Ltd on the customs clearance. Case Study International Transportation Operation Test I. Choose the best answer from the four choices. 1. Which one is TRUE of the CAs? (B) A. It stands for Communication Authorisation. B. It is issued to all operators with standard international O licenses. C. The O license will immediately be revoked if the operator fails to adhere to the standards laid down. D. If digressions persist, the CA could eventually be withdrawn. 2. The CAs are valid for C years and in practice will coincide with the validity of the O license (see reference to continuous O licensing). A. four years B. one year C. five years D. five months 3. Which one is TRUE of the international transportation operations? (B) A. some international movement requires some sort of documentation to identify the person or goods traveling. B. all countries prohibit or restrict the entry and/or exit of certain people and goods. C. if the operation is legal, the load carried will be legal. D. some countries require all visitors to acquire a visa from the embassy or consulate in their home country before traveling. Test 4. Which of the following are common to both goods exported and imported in the UK? (D) A. checking and controlling documentation B. collating statistics on international trade C. detection of fraud and evasion of taxes and duties D. all of the above. 5. The major categories of movement requiring full customs formalities according to the Single European Act include the following except: (B) A. goods imported direct from non-EU (including EFTA) countries B. goods imported via another EU country which have not been placed in free circulation C. restricted items such as firearms D. common agricultural policy (CAP) goods 6. The Single European Act firmly established that: (D) A. the EU is a customs union and that a single market exists. B. there are no customs duty barriers between member states. C. there is a common customs tariff against non-EU goods. D. all of the above. Test 7. The CT system was to ease the passage of non-customs sealed loads A . A. between all countries. B. between EC member states. C. between WTO members. D. all of the above. 8. Journeys from the EU to or through the EFTA states or the Visigrad states are known as A . A. community transit. B. common transit. C. EU transit. D. both A and B. 9. D is a major influence on transportation cost since it directly contributes to variable costs, such as labor, fuel and maintenance. A. Product density B. Stowability C. Market D. Distance 10. Items with standard rectangular shapes are much easier to stow B odd-shaped items. A. with B. than C. to D. at Test 11. The bill of lading serves as a receipt and documents commodities and quantities C . A. ship B. shipped C. shipping D. to ship 12. The multi-modal transport operator (MTO) acts A(1) the principal for the performance of the multi-modal transport contract and, in C (2) capacity undertakes to contract and provide for the different modes of transport and other services required for expeditious, efficient and safe transport of goods from the place where he takes the goods in charge to the place where he delivers the goods A(3) the contract. In the execution of the contract he has necessarily to engage the services of several carriers such as shipowners, road operators, railways, airlines or inland waterway operators in addition to non-carriers like terminal operators, warehouses, container freight stations, group age or consolidation depots, container C (4) organizations or freight forwarders. (1) A. on B. as C. to D. at (2) A. which B. what C. that D. where (3) A. according to B. due to C. because D. in addition to (4) A. lending B. borrowing C. owning D. leasing Test II. Multiple choice. 1. The different levels of authorization in international air operations include B C. A. freedom for an aircraft from country A to fly over country B B. freedom for an aircraft from country A to land in B for technical reasons such as an emergency or refueling, but not to pick up or set down goods or passengers C. freedom for an aircraft from country A to carry goods and passengers from A to B D. freedom for an aircraft from country A to carry goods and passengers from B to A E. freedom for an aircraft from country A to carry passengers and goods between country B and any other country in both directions 2 Which of the following statements are true? (A B) A. In any international transportation operation, it is first of all necessary to establish permission to carry out the operation at all. B. All international operations involve the penetration of some other countrys sovereign territory (including airspace and territorial waters) and there is no automatic right to do this. C. The removal of cabotage restrictions means that empty running can be reduced. D. The removal of cabotage restrictions is not so much an important issue to the EU, however. Test 3 Some of the benefits from introducing cabotage operations may include A D. A. a more efficient and cost conscious system B. cheaper goods C. fewer vehicles on the road D. less congestion, less pollution and fewer accidents 4. What are some significant local differences that must be observed by foreign transportation operators? (A D) A. Traffic law and the rules of the road may vary between countries B. Some countries impose a total ban on large goods vehicle movements at weekend and public holidays C. Weight limits on certain bridges may be less than in