句子结构分析法巧解语法填空题ppt课件

n语法填空是对考生语法和上下文的语境理解的考查;要求考生具备语法知识语法知识、语篇知识语篇知识、单单词拼写词拼写和逻辑推理的能力逻辑推理的能力等，对考生来说，难度较大。分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。一、句子的基本结构一、句子的基本结构n掌握简单句的基本句型结构基本句型结构：(1)主语+谓语(+宾语+宾补)(2)主语+系动词+表语n复合句：主句+从句掌握充当各个句子成分的典型掌握充当各个句子成分的典型词类词类：句子成分句子成分典型词类典型词类主语主语或或宾语宾语谓语谓语补语补语或或表语表语定语定语状语状语名词名词或或代词、代词、动名词、不定动名词、不定式短语式短语 动词动词形容词形容词形容词形容词或或形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词副词副词n1.(2008广一模)At that moment an attractive young lady _ noticed my book came up to me and introduced _.She said her name was Miss Bai Shewho/thatherselfn2.(2008年广一模)That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_(close)my book and walked away.closedn3.(2008韶关一模)While your IQ tells you how _(intelligence)you are,your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence.intelligentn4.(2007东莞一模)They can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention the latest _(excite)football match.n5.(2007深圳一模)“Thirty-five cents,”she said _(rude).rudelyexcitingn6.(2007东莞一模)The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment.He is completely passive and has everything _(present)to him without any effort on his part.presentedn掌握句子的掌握句子的扩展结构扩展结构：两个或几个两个或几个简单句之间若不用简单句之间若不用句号句号或或分号分号，就，就必须要用必须要用连词连词，否则，句子的结构，否则，句子的结构就不完整。就不完整。n连词主要有四类：连词主要有四类：n(1)并列句并列句:n(2)状语从句状语从句:n(3)定语从句定语从句:n(4)名词性从句名词性从句:and,but,or,while(而，却),when(就在这个时候)等。if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,so that等。who,which,that,when,where,why等。that,if/whether(是否),wh-等词。n7.(2007广一模)Then I went to the department store _ I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef.n8.(2007深圳二模)I almost started to yell his name _ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep.wherewhenn二、运用句子结构分析法解题二、运用句子结构分析法解题n在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语确定所要填的词语的的词类词类或大致方向或大致方向，若再结合语结合语境境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形。请看下面的例题。n通过语感解题。nDo paper exercisen从上述解题过程可以看出，从上述解题过程可以看出，80%的题目可的题目可以用句子结构分析法解答以用句子结构分析法解答，但要得出最终，但要得出最终答案，还需综合考虑以下两个点：答案，还需综合考虑以下两个点：n(1)语境因素语境因素。要根据。要根据上下文上下文的意思、的意思、逻辑逻辑关系、关系、前后前后词语的搭配词语的搭配关系来关系来确定所填词确定所填词语语的语境意义，进而确定要填的词语。的语境意义，进而确定要填的词语。n(2)一致关系一致关系。要考虑。要考虑主谓一致主谓一致、时态一致时态一致、指称一致指称一致等，才能确定所填词语的具体词等，才能确定所填词语的具体词形。形。n针对这一考查方式，备考复习时要达到以针对这一考查方式，备考复习时要达到以下几个基本要求：下几个基本要求：n(1)对于对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词等，不仅要等，不仅要理解理解它们的意思，还要它们的意思，还要熟记熟记它它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。n(2)对于对于动词动词，要掌握常用的，要掌握常用的时态、语态时态、语态和和非谓语动词非谓语动词的用法。的用法。n(3)对于对于句子句子，要能够，要能够分析其结构分析其结构，懂得在，懂得在什么时候该什么时候该用什么词性用什么词性。n(4)对于对于单词单词，不仅要，不仅要背诵背诵其其意义意义和和拼写拼写，还好掌握基本的还好掌握基本的词形变换词形变换。n practicenHomework英语英语2008年年.零距离突破零距离突破 P35 实战操练实战操练 1-3篇篇nThirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 1 (kill)right below their windows.She was 2 neighbor.Yet 3 of the 32 helped her.Not one even called the police.n John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 4 why people didnt act.They found that a person has to go through two steps 5 he can help.First he has to notice that it is 6 emergency(紧急情况紧急情况).Is the smoke coming into the room 7 a leak in the air conditioning?Is it“steam pipes”?Or is it really smoke from a fire?Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second,and 8 important,the person faced with an emergency must feel personally 9 (responsibility).He must feel that he must help,10 the person wont get the help he needs.Thirteen-year-old Andrew will never forget that Saturday.He was relaxing on his familys sofa with his sister,Susan.Suddenly the heater exploded.His sister,who was unhurt,managed to pull 36 away from the fire 37 his mum dialed for an ambulance.38 ambulance soon arrived and rushed him to Childrens Hospital 39 he was operated on immediately.Doctors told his mum there was little chance of Andrew being able to walk again.The damage to his body was so bad and the cuts in his legs so deep that the 40 (operate)took 11 hours.After a couple of weeks,he 41 (allow)to go home but had to spend the next six weeks in a wheelchair.42 the help of his doctor,this brave young boy returned to school after only two and a half months.43 (look)back on the accident,Andrew says he believes children can do 44 they want 45 they put their mind to it.him while Thewhereoperationwas allowed WithLookingwhatever/what/as long asif/when/as long as