初一下英语知识梳理.ppt

知识梳理 初一第二学期 一、语法 1.动词时态 2.祈使句 动词时态 名称 特征词 肯定句的动词 一般现在 sometimes, usually, often always, every., 原形 第三人称单数 现在进行 look, listen, now, Its .(几点了 ) . 后的句子 Dont do sth. 后的句子 be + doing 一般过去 yesterday., just now, .ago, this morning, When I was young, 过去式 动词 否定句 一般疑问句 原形 在主语后 dont 句前 Do ？ 第 三 人 称 单 数 在主语后 doesnt 动词 原形 句前 Does 动词 原形 ？ 过去式 在主语后 didnt 动词 原形 句前 Did 动词 原形 ？ 否定句 一般疑问句 只在其后 not (some-any) 将其放到句首 . ？ 句中 没有 be、 can, may , must, would 的变法 句中 有 be、 can, may , must, would 的变法 否定句、一般疑问句的结构 回答 : Can you .? Yes, I can. No, I cant. Is he.? Yes, he is. No, he isnt. Do you .? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does.she ? Yes she does. No, she doesnt. Did they.? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. Would you.? Yes, I would. No. I wouldnt. Were they.? Yes, they were. No, they werent. Should you.? Yes, I should. No, I shouldnt. 二、祈使句 无人称、动词开头， 带命令色彩的句子。 肯 定 式 否 定 式 Open the window, please. Look at here. Please read after me. Dont open the window. Dont look at here. Dont read after me. 二、话题 1.天气及季节 2.人的相貌及性格 3.健康 4.假期 三、 句 子 简单句 并列句 复合句 选择问句 特殊疑问句 感叹句 一般疑问句 否定句 祈使句 简单句 并列句 复合句 选择问句 特殊疑问句 感叹句 This is an orange bike. He knows me and I know him. When I was 5, I could swim. Did you live here or there? What did they learn just now? What a heavy rain it is! Does Tom speak French? I dont understand it. Stand （ Dont） up. 一般疑问句 否定句 祈使句 四、句型 (及交际用语 ) 1.某人用多长时间做某事 ： It takes/took sb. + time + to do sth. 2. 提问时间 ： Whats the time? What time is it? What time is it by your watch? 3.提问日期 ： Whats the date today? What was the date yesterday? 4. 提问星期几 ： What day is it today? What day was yesterday? 5.提问某人的生日 ： When is ones birthday? 6. 提问天气 ： What is the weather like today? (How is the weather today?) What was the weather yesterday? (How was the weather yesterday? 7.提问温度 ： Whats todays temperature? How about the temperature? 8. 提问人的相貌 ： What does.look like? 9. 提问人的性格 ： What is . like? 10.询问对方情况 ： Whats wrong with.sb.? Whats the matter with .sb.? 11. 到该做什么事的时候了 。 Its time to do sth. Its time for sth. 12. 提建议用语 ： Why not do sth.? Why dont you do sth.? What about sth. / doing sth.? Its best to do sth. Youd better do sth. 13.谈论健康问题 ： 1) 用英文叙述自己的病症 have a fever have a cold have a pain here have a headache have a sore through have a stomachache. 2) 就此病症提出合理建议 Take / Have some / these medicine three times a day. Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days. Its nothing serious. Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days. Dont be so tired. 五、词类 1. 动词 6. 形容词、副词 2. 系动词 7.数词 3. 代词 8. 频率副词 4.不定代词 9. 介词 5. 连词 10. 疑问词 1.动词 (谓语 ) He watches TV every day. He is watching TV now. He watched TV a moment ago. 动词 (非谓语 ) He enjoys watching TV. Jim makes me laugh. I wanted to see it again. 2.系动词 (+形容词的动词 ) look turn sound become taste be feel smell get 1) Jims idea sounds nice. 2) Kate looks taller. 3) I feel nervous now. 4) Beijing becomes bigger. 5) The days get long. 6) The cake tastes delicious. 3.代词 人 称 代 词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you their 物 主 代 词 形容 词性 my your his her its our your their 名词 性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 4.不定代词 1. other, others, the other, the others, another, One., the other., any other 2. one, ones, ones 3. something somebody / someone anything anybody / anyone everything everybody / everyone nothing nobody / no one 5. 连词 1. and 7. when 2. but 8. before 3. or 9. after 4. so 10. as 5. though 11. if 6. because 用 and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空 1. Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese. 2. _ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it. 3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day. Because and but 4. Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow. 5. _it is raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the field. 6. I can help you _ I have time. 用 and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空 Though before if 7. _ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while. 8. We must be quick, _ we cant follow them. 9. To catch the early bus, _ I got up very early this morning. 用 and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空 so or After 10. _ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game. 11. _ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate? 用 and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空 If When 6.形容词、副词 形容词 与副词 的转换 在词尾处 + ly y结尾时 ,去 y + ily 有的 e结尾的单词 ,需去 y + ly，有的则直接 +ly。 1.quick quickly 2. easy-easily 3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly 5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully 形容词、副词的使用 形 容 词 副 词 修饰 名词 修饰 动词、形容词 They are clever boys. I prefer long hair. It really sounds nice. They work very hard. 7. 数词 数 词 基数词变序数词 百 ,千 ,万 ,的表达 几分之几 用来表达时、分 用来表达年、月、日 8. 频率副词 用 How often 对它们进行提问。 他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。 I always have milk for breakfast. I usually have eggs for breakfast. I often have noodles for it. I sometimes have fruits for it. I seldom have rice for it. I never have meat in the morning. 9. 与 时 间 相 关 的 介 词 for 时间段前 in 某年、某月前 on 具体日子、节日、 生日、星期几前 at 某分，某时前 当“ 早上、下午、晚 上 ” 被修饰 时不用 in 而用 on. 表示 方位的 介词： 某物处在某处的 东南西北 。 north south west northeast southeast northwest southwest east The Position in, to, on 的区别 on 某处在某 处之 内 某处与某处 相接壤 某处 在某 处之 外 in to with 的多 种用 法 do sth. with sb./ sth. a girl with long hair a room with two doors a city with large population be busy with sth. be popular with. be with a style of. talk with sb. help sb. with sth. an action movie with Jackie Chan Whats wrong / the matter with.? 10. 疑问词 提问 几点 钟 What time is it? Whats the time? 价格 how much 地点 where 数量 how many. how much. 程度、 方式 how 动词、 宾语 what.do. what 主语 who, whom. 性格 Whats.like? 时间 when 长相 What does/ do. look like? 频率 how often 天气 Whats .like? Hows.? 六、常用短语 1.wake up 8. fall off 2. wake.sb. up 9. come out 3. tell. about 10. get along with. 4. talk to / with sb. 11. turn on / off 5. invite .to. 12. put on 6. play with 13. take off 7. think about. 14. be always doing. think out 15. add. to think of. 16. know about 17. learn about 26. in many ways 18. start with 27. in fact 19. give of 28. in summer 20. be called / named 29. in the sun 21. stop off 30. in ones thirties 22. on the telephone 31. in space 23. on the Internet 32. in 1990 24. on weekend 33. in the 1990s 25. on the earth 34. in the night on the moon 35. at night 36. at this time of year 46. on the top 37. at the same time 47. a road to. 38. at the moment 48. to sb. 39. at the end of. 49. be different 40. from.to. from. 41. for a while 50. be difference 42. for a drink between 43. for days 51. go to sw. for a 44. on the other side of. holiday 45. on ones way to. 52. as usual 53. be interested in. 63. in class 54. be always doing. 64. first of all 55. by bike 65. in the past 56. on Kates bike 66. last year 57. a photo of. 67. from the 1960s 58. a photographer for 68. apart from. 59. not.at all 69. thousands of. 60. get into trouble hundreds of. 61. listen to music 70. for example 62. go to concerts 71. the trip to. 72. too much noise 82. all night 73. much too expensive 83. a lot of fun 74. save up 84. plan to do 75. go on vacation 85. decide to do 76. take photos 86. want to do 77. stay at a hotel 87. a big meal 78. on the same team 88. keep out 79. need .for. 89. one third 80. do sth. on ones own 90. the time of. 81. make one stop 91. a form of. 93. drive to sw. 103. the same as 94. the capital of. 104. all the time 95. be full of. 105. all kinds of 96. more than 106. 3 times a day 97. the shape of. 107. take the 98. 10 thousand medicine 99. a northern city of. 100. get a view of . 101. the population of Beijing 102. a population of 13 million 七、易混淆的词、词组 What is .like? What does.look like? 1. 2. 3. 4. what to do how to do it in the corner at the corner wake up wake sb. up 5. get dressed dress sb. 6. 7. there be have / has join take part in. 9. 10. 11. in the east of. to the east of. trip travel other, others the other, the others One., the other., another any other schools any other school 8. a population of. the population of. 12. 13. 14. 15. stop to do sth. stop doing sth. besides except a little, little, a bit, a bit of. a few, few get to. arrive in / at. reach 16. too much much too 17. by car, in Jims car by bike, on Jims bike 18. 19. excited, interested, amazed exciting, interesting, amazing Its time to . . Its time for. . 21. noise, voice, sound 22. hear, listen, listen to 23. say, tell, talk, speak 24 wear, put on, dress, get dressed 25. read, watch, see, look, look at 20. like as 八、易 错 的词 +doing 还有 介词 busy finish enjoy spend keep prefer practice make let +do +doing plant order decide want ask +to do 1.Without thinking more, he left here. 2.I cant finish writing it in only a few minutes. 3.Everyone is busy getting ready for the final exams. 4.Mother always spends much time doing such foolish things. 5.Jim was good at dancing when he was young. 6.Lets practice speaking English, OK? 九、不易用对的词 enough (名词 前 ) enough water enough books enough time enough people enough (形容词、副词 后 ) tall enough strong enough good enough big enough 十、形容词 与 不定代词 的位置 something easy, hard, important. anything useful, interesting, funny. nothing difficult, cheap, amazing, exciting. 一点点建议： 心 要 明 、 路 要 准 、 题 要 精 、 量 要 均 。 出错、 记错 、要 知错 ， 检查、落实、再落实 。 分数 虽诱人， 技巧 不能少。 拼搏 呈可贵， 健康 价更高。