非谓语动词使用时需要注意的一些特殊情况

非谓语动词使用时需要注意的一些特殊情况除了前表中所列的普通情况外，非谓语动词中还有一些很重要的特殊的注意点，在考试中更为常见，下面就是这些注意点以及上表的补充，请同学们注意掌握。1、专用doing作宾语的词语和句式：常用doing作宾语的词有：keep doing，enjoy doing，escape doing，excuse doing，practice doing，mind doing，miss doing，advice doing，avoid doing，admit doing，allow doing，risk doing，consider doing，give up doing，imagine doing，finish doing，tolerate doing，suggest doing。利用每个单词的首字母，我们可以记忆为：keeep mmaaaarch gifts 另加一个词：deny常用doing的句式有：Its no use doing Its no good doing have difficulty (in)doing have trouble(in)doing, have fun (in)doing, have problem (in)doing等 spend(in)doing waste time (in)doing feel like doing cant help doing，cant stand doing be busy doing be worth doing/ be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done stop(from)doing/prevent(from)doing go doing2、专用to do作宾语的词语和句式：常用to do作宾语的词有：happen to do，offer to do，promise to do，agree to do，refuse to do，decide to do，determine to do，pretend to do，learn to do，wish to do，hope to do，expect to do，afford to do，ask to do，plan to do，need to do， want to do, fail to do，ask to do，require to do，常用doing作宾语的句式有：would like to do，It takesto do, tooto, 3、专用do作宾语补足语的词语和专用do的句式：makedo letdo havedo why do why not dowould rather dothan docant but dodo nothing but dohad better dowill you please do4、既能用to do作宾语又能用doing作宾语，但意义不同的词：stop to do，stop doing forget to do, forget doing remember to do, remember doing regret to do, regret doing try to do, try doing go on to do, go on doingmean to do, mean doing 5、既能用to do作宾语又能用doing作宾语，意义大致相同的词：hate to do/hate doing like to do/ like doing love to do/love doing continue to do/ continue doing prefer to do/prefer doing begin to do/begin doing start to do/start doing6、专用to do作宾语补足语的词：permitto do, teachto do, begto do, allowto do, warnto do, encourageto do, forbidto do, getto do, forceto do, inviteto do, askto do, wantto do, orderto do, liketo do, tellto do, knowto do, persuadeto do, adviceto do, causeto do, requireto do, wishto do, wait forto do7、在makedo, letdo, seedo, hear do, watchdo, noticedo, feel do 等用do形式作宾语补足语的结构中，用作被动式时，to要带上，切记！如：I saw him go to hospital yesterday. (我昨天看见他去医院了)。如果变为被动式，则为：He was seen to go to hospital yesterday. 再如：He made me clean the room. (他让我打扫了教室) 变为被动式，则应为：I was made to clean the room.8、注意下列的doing，do，done作宾语补足语时的意义区别：seedoing seedoheardoingheardonoticedoingnoticedofeeldoingfeeldohavedoinghavedohavedonegetdoinggetto dogetdone find doing find done I saw him reading a book at this time yesterday. I often see him play basketball on the playground.I hear him speaking English.I often hear him speaking English.We notice her wearing a red dress.We notice her wear a red dress.I feel someone following me.I often feel someone laugh at me. The teacher has me standing.The teacher has me go to his office.We must have our TV repairedThe teacher gets me standing.The teacher gets me to go to his office.We must get our TV repaired.I find him watching TV.I find my wallet stolen.9、“疑问词+to do”相当于一个名词的作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，可以代替主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，如：How we can stop polluting is a big problem（主语从句）= How to stop polluting is a big problem.（主语）I dont know what I should say before you（宾语从句）= I dont know what to say before you. （宾语）The question is how we should start work（表语从句）= The question is how to start work. （表语）10、注意：有时候短语中的to是介词而非动词不定式，在下列短语中to均为介词：admit to, object to, pay attention to, stick to, look forward to, lead to, get/ be/become used to, be equal to, devoteto,get down to, preferto,fromto11、用doing和done作状语时，根据需要可以在前面加上when, while, before, after, since, until, though, although, as long as, unless, as if, even though等词。如：When asked about his family, he made no answer. Once going into the reading room, you should keep quiet.12、注意下列三句话中的定语及其意义：The meeting to be held in the office is very important. (即将在办公室召开的会议很重要。表示将来意义)The meeting being held in the office is very important. (正在办公室召开的会议很重要。表示现在意义)The meeting held in the office is very important. (以前在办公室召开的会议很重要。表示过去意义)13、通常省略动词不定式符号to的词（也就是之后用动词原形的词）有下列几种：在情态动词shall，will，can，may， must，should，would，could，might之后 feel，smell，hear，listen to，make，let，have，see，watch，look at，notice，observe 可以用这种方法记忆：一感一闻二听三让四看14、在英语中，只有help之后的动词可以加to也可以不加，加与不加意义相同，如：Lets help him to finish the work = Lets help him finish the work.15、非谓语完成时的用法。它表示动作发生在谓语的动作之前，如：Having lived in Beijing for years, I know it very well. 16、不定式动词为不及物时，后面的介词不可省略。如：They have a big room to live in. （他们有大房子住） He has a sofa to sit on. (他有沙发坐)在非谓语一览表中已经提到过，此处的in，on等介词都是不可省略的。17、主动形式表示被动式的情况。be+adj+to do的结构中，如：The question is hard to answer.（这个问题很难回答）在含有动宾关系的不定式后置定语中,I have something to say.（我有话要说）在这两种情况下，因为它本身包含被动意义因而不应该再用被动形式，如果写成：The question is hard to be answered和I have something to be said就是错句子。want doing/need doing/require doing/be worth doing这几个短语中同样因为本身含有被动意义而不再使用被动形式，如：The chair needs repairing. 椅子需要被修理一下。 The flowers want watering. 花需要浇浇了。The room requires cleaning. 房子该被扫一下了。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。这些短语可以用to do形式代替，但必须使用被动式，比如以上的几个句子分别可以变为：The chair needs to be repaired. The flowers want to be watered. The room requires to be cleaned. The book is worthy to be read 18、与used to形式相关的各种形式。 used to do 表示“过去.”,其中to为动词不定式，所以后面所接的一定是动词原形do的形式，如：He used to eat junk food. 他以前经常吃垃圾食品。 I used to be afraid of dark.我以前害怕黑暗。be used to 表示“习惯于”,其中to为介词，所以后面所接的一定是名词代词或动词的doing的形式如：I am used to the rules. 我习惯于这种规矩了。 I am used to getting up early. 我习惯于早起了。 在该短语中，be还可以用get或become来代替，意义相同。useto do表示“用来做”,其中to为动词不定式，所以后面所接的一定是动词原形do的形式，如：We use this cup to drink water. 我们用这个杯子来喝水。usefor doing 的含义和useto do相同，也表示“用来做”,只是应注意此处for为介词，如：We use this cup for drinking water. 我们用这个杯子来喝水。现在，我们来把We use this cup to drink water变为被动式，则句子变为：This cup is used to drink water.这样，就出现了和短语的外在形式完全相同的一个短语be used to，但应注意短语be used to其实只是短语useto do的被动形式而已，其中的to仍然和短语中的to一样，同为动词不定式。也就是说，短语和短语是外在形式完全相同的两个截然不同的短语。请大家注意区分。19、动词不定式的固定短语。to tell you the truth（实话告诉你), to be frank（坦白的说），to speak frankly（坦白的说），to begin with（一开始），to start with（一开始），to put it briefly（简而言之）20、非谓语动词的完成式、被动式、进行式to do主动式被动式否定式一般式to writeto be written各种非谓语形式的否定式都是在本形式之前加上not即可。进行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been writtendoing一般式writingbeing written完成式having written having been writtendone因为done本身只表示被动和完成意义，所以只有被动或者完成式written，再无其他形式。