初中英语语法-常见同义词的用法和区别

初中英语语法常见同义词的用法区别一、 说speak, talk, say, tell1. speak 强调单方的“说”或“讲”，一般用作不及物动词，要表示“对某人说(某事)”，可用 speak to with sb (about sth)。如：Please speak more slowly. 请说慢一点。I spoke to with the chairman about my idea. 我跟主席说了我的想法。2. talk 强调双方“交谈”，一般用作不及物动词，表示“同某人谈论(某事)”，可用 talk to with sb (about sth)。如：He was talking to with a friend. 他在同一位朋友谈话。What are they talking about? 他们在谈论什么?3. say 强调说话内容，一般用作及物动词。表示“对某人说”，可用 say to sb。如：Did you say anything (to him)? 你(对他)说了些什么?He said (that) he wanted to go. 他说他想去。注：以下句型值得注意：It is said that he is ill./ He is said to be ill. 据说他病了。4. tell 表示“告诉”，可接双宾语，双宾语易位时用介词 to 引出间接宾语。如：I told him my name. 我把名字告诉了他。He told his parents the good news. / He told the good news to his parents. 他把这个好消息告诉了他父母。注：还可接不定式的复合结构作宾语。如：Tell her to come at once. 叫她马上来。He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子们不要在街上玩。另外，有时与介词 from 连用表示“区分”“辨别”等。如：I cannot tell which is which. 我分不清哪个是哪个。Can you tell true friends from false friends? 你能分清真假朋友吗?二、 花费take，spend，cost，pay1. spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买。例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。2. cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“某物值什么的（价值或钱）”， 常见用法如下：(1)sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。3. take后面常跟双宾语， take 一般用it做主语，常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。4. pay一般是人做主语，其基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。(5）pay money back 还钱。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。(6）pay off one's money还清钱。三、 看look，see，watch，read1. look为不及物动词，指看的过程，表示有意识地集中精力去看，但并不一定能看见，多用来唤起别人的注意。其后接宾语时，一定要加介词at。如： Look！Who is swimming in the river？瞧！谁在河里游泳？ Please look at the blackboard请看黑板。 2. see用作及物动词，后接宾语，意为“看见”、“看到”，主要强调看的结果，但不一定是有意识地看。“看医生”、“看电影”常用这个词。另外，see还有“知道；理解”的意思。如： I am looking at the blackboard，but I can't see the words我在看黑板，但看不见上面的字。 You must take your baby to see a doctor你必须带你的孩子去看医生。 We are going to see a film this afternoon今天下午我们打算去看电影。Oh! I see. 哦！我明白了。 3. watch为及物动词，意为“观看”、“注视”，指非常仔细地、有目的、全神贯注地“看”。“看电视”、“看比赛（实验以及各种表演等）”习惯上用这个词。如： They are watching a football game他们正在看足球比赛。 Kate often watches TV on Sunday凯特常常在星期天看电视。 4. read本义为“读”、“朗读”。表达“看书”、“看报”、“看信”、“看杂志”时，通常用read。如： Wang Hong is reading the letter from her mother王红正在看她妈妈的来信。 Don't read in the sun不要在阳光下看书