级翻译与完型填空.ppt

大学英语,综合题型,综合题型备考,翻译 完型填空,翻译,（一）汉译英应试原则手法灵活（如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达） 语法正确（避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误） 内容忠实（必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删） 语言闪光（译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确）,汉译英基本程序,1理解 (通读并透彻理解原文含义) 2翻译 (确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词) 3审校 首先 检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译； 其次 检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正,汉译英专项练习,一、倍数增减的表示法 This substance _ (反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). The earth _ (是月球大小的49倍). The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一). They _(计划将投资增加一倍).,reacts three times as fast as the other one,is 49 times the size of the moon,wants to raise the rent by a third,plan to double their investment,二、时态 Be quick, _ (否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). When she got home, _(孩子们已经睡着了). When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _ (我姐姐将在海边度假). I_ (一上午都在修改我的简历). Do you often go on holiday? _ (不，我已经有五年没有度假了). He joined the army in October, 2001. _ (他参军已五年了).,or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church,the children had fallen asleep,my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside,have been revising my resume all the morning,No. It has been five years since I went on holiday,He has been in the army for 5 years,三、被动语态 The blackboard and chalk _ (正在被电脑和投影机所取代). The book _ (到今年年底就将已出版). Computer models _ (可以用来演示细胞工作的方式). _(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.,is being replaced by the computer and the projector,will have been/published by the end of this year,can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work,Effective measures must be taken immediately,四、情态动词 The phone is ringing, but there is no answer. _(她一定不在家). I cant find my sunglasses. _ (我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了). Its a pity. _ (你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的). _ (其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.,She cant be at home,I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday,You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony,I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party,五、虚拟语气 Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _ (漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). Its high time that _ (采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). Hugh usually talks _ (仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). We insist that _ (让杰克立刻进医院).,painted it blue, and without any decorations,measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams,as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly,Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now,六、分词 The war went on for years, _ (夺去了成千上万人的生命). _ (被这个男 孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education. _ (好久没 有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.,killing thousands upon thousands of people,Deeply moved by the boys deeds,Not having heard from his parents for a long time,七、名词从句 _ (最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well. It is not clear yet _ (谁应该为这件事负责). Dont put off till tomorrow _ (今天能做的事). _ (她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.,What confused me most,who should be responsible for this matter,what can be done today,Whether she likes the present,八、定语从句 The old lady died _ (在她儿子到达的那天). Some of the roads were flooded, _(这使我们的旅程更为艰难). He introduced me to his students, _(他们大部 分是英语专业的学生).,on the day when his son arrived,which made our journey more difficult,most of whom were English majors,九、状语从句 _(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings politics into the discussion. We climbed high _(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景). I remember the whole thing _仿佛是昨天发生的).,Whatever we talk about,so that we might get a better view,as if it happened yesterday,十、倒装句 No sooner had Anne arrived _ (就生病了). The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _(妻子也没说一句欢迎的话). Only then _ (那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).,than she fell ill,Nor did the wife say a word of welcome,did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery,十一、强调句 _ (直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.,It was not until I told her that,完型填空,测试学生综合运用语言的能力 即从语篇的角度综合测试阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。,解题策略,1.利用文章中心主题句解题方法-利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。 2.分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系。 3.利用上下文寻找解题信息（词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词 ） 4.运用词汇、语法等方面的语言知识及搭配关系解题方法 5.运用排除法解题方法 6. 运用背景知识和社会常识解题方法,文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。,表示列举的连词：first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude 表示原因的连词：because, since, as, now that 表示结果的连词：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 表示让步和转折的连词：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever,表示对照的词：on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely 表示补充的词：also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, notbut, not onlybut also 表示时间顺序的词：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once,表示目的的连词：that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that 表示条件的连词：if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that),逻辑搭配：包括过渡词、连接手段、指代关系、肯定、否定等； 语义搭配：包括区别同义词、近义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词； 结构搭配：指名词、动词、形容词等在句中或文中与其他词的搭配； 惯用搭配：即通常所说的固定短语。,从时态、语态、语气、名词的数等各个角度分析所填内容是否与上下文一致，从而排除一些备选答案，缩小选择范围； 分析空白处与前后词之间的语义关联、搭配关系，从而排除一些选项； 弄清楚该题的句法关系，分析一下它是简单句、并列句，还是复合句； 判断所填的内容在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性，并分析备选答案之间的异同，从而排除干扰项选出正确答案。,