高考英语全国卷短文改错题型解题方法指导19张1

短文改错短文改错1.考点设置之名词考点设置之名词【命题特点命题特点】本来用复数,却用单数.【改正方法改正方法】(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.【详解】【详解】1）.She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.（schoolmate改为改为schoolmates）2）.After class we become stranger at once.（stranger改为改为strangers）3）.They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get marks in all my subject.（subject改为改为subjects）4）.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.（picture改为改为pictures）5）.There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.（advantage改为改为advantages6）.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.（ideas改为改为idea）7）.I looked at his other hands.（hands改为改为hand）2.考点设置之代词考点设置之代词【命题特点命题特点】1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。【改正方法改正方法】联系上下文的逻辑关系。【代词的错误特点代词的错误特点】1.人称代词的偷换错误2.缺少人称代词的错误 3.人称代词数的一致问题 4.人称代词格的一致问题【详解详解】1）.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(his改为their)2）.IhaveagoodfriendwhosnameisLiuMei.(whos改为whose)3）.Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.（them改为us）4）.SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.（me改为myself）5）.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.（showed后加it）6）.Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.（our改为their）3.考点设置之介词考点设置之介词【命题特点及改正方法命题特点及改正方法】介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如）动词词类确定错误，如talk,serve,wait等。等。介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。合语境细推敲。【详解详解】1）.Wedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.（去掉about）2）.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.（去掉at）3）.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.（去掉was后的in）4）.Welltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.（with改为about）5）.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.（with改为for）6）.Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.（glass后加in）7）.Eachtheselinesstandsforatroubleinmylife.（each后加of）4.考点设置之时态考点设置之时态【命题特点及改正方法命题特点及改正方法】动词的时态和语态的误用动词的时态和语态的误用 现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。【详解详解】1）.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothat-（did改为do）2）.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.（passes改为passed）3）.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.（reads改为read）4）.Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass.（talked改为talk）5）.Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.（take改为took）6）.WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelago.（have改为had）7Growing up is not easy.Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.解析:need-needed 语态的误用,此处应为被动语态.8 The bike outside my house is belonged to Tom.解析:去掉is belong to 无被动形式.5.andbutor误用及前后不一致误用及前后不一致【命题特点命题特点】主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。【改正方法改正方法】1）根据句意确定误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。【详解】1）.Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.（but改为and）2）.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.（and改为or）3）.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.（and改为but）4）.Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.（but改为and）5）.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.（visiting改为visited）6）.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.（reads改为read)6.考点设置之从句连词考点设置之从句连词【命题特点及改正方法命题特点及改正方法】句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。【详解详解】1）.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.（noon后加when）2）.Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.（that改为why）3）.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoEnglish.（去掉that前的in）4）.Earningtheirownmoneyallowsthemtospendonanythingasiftheyplease.（去掉if）5）.Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.（去掉that）7.考点设置之冠词考点设置之冠词 命题特点及改正方法命题特点及改正方法】英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。【详解】1）.Aseveryoneknows,itsfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.（famous前加a）2）.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but-（a改为the）3）.OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.（a改为the）4）.Ihopeyouvehadpleasantjourneyhome（had后加a）8.考点设置之形容词和副词考点设置之形容词和副词【命题特点及改正方法命题特点及改正方法】主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。【详解详解】1）.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.（quietly改为quiet）2）.TherehavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.（person改为personal）3）.FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.（easily改为easy）4）.SowhatIlearnedfromthejobwasmuchmoreimportantaswhatIearned.（as改为than）5）.Mypronunciationwasterribly.（terribly改为terrible）6）.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.（lately改为late）9.考点设置之非谓语动词考点设置之非谓语动词【命题特点改正方法命题特点改正方法】1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。【详解详解】1）.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingastheyplease.（allow改为allows）2）.MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.（make前加to）3）.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.（talk改为talking）4）.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.（visiting改为visited）5）.Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.（去掉to）10:主谓不一致的错误主谓不一致的错误 1.But then there is always more mysteries to look into.解析:is-are 后面的mysteries 为复数形式.2 Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.解析:is-are 主语是my picture and the prize.故谓语动词应为复数.3 Bill was standing at the side of the car,talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.解析:第二个 was-were 先行词 two men 是复数,因此定语从句的谓语动词也为复数.11.冗词的多用冗词的多用1.Last summer,I went to Beijing,my first time trip to the city.解析解析:去掉去掉 time time一词多余，一词多余，first 即可表达即可表达“第一次第一次”(2)Two years later,he returned back home.解析解析:去掉去掉back return 即可表达即可表达“归来归来”之意之意.(3)It is about 200 miles far away from London.解析解析:去掉去掉far如果前面有数词，一般不用如果前面有数词，一般不用far.(4)Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going.解析解析:去掉去掉it 动词动词 feel 的宾语是的宾语是that 引导的宾语从句，而引导的宾语从句，而 it 不是形式不是形式宾语宾语(如果是形式宾语如果是形式宾语,其后应接形容词其后应接形容词).