职称英语卫生C真题及答案

2014年职称英语卫生C真题及答案(代码32)第一部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1.Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A. receivesB. deservesC. preventsD. accepts答案：C2.His knowledge of French is fair.A. very usefulB. very limitedC. quite goodD. rather special答案：C3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A. returnB. increaseC. realizeD. double答案：B4.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A. commentsB. signsC. mannersD. noises答案：A5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A. fineB. winterC. outdoorD. extra答案：D6.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. disappointmentC. angerD. caim答案：B7.The book raised a storm of controversy.A. damageB. voiceC. argumentD. doubt答案：C8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. partsB. aspectsC. resultsD. pains答案：B9.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A. seriousB. deepC. mainD. particular答案：C10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. proveB. discoverC. considerD. imagine答案：B11.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A. keeping out ofB. getting intoC. asking forD. suffering from答案：B12.Im sure Ill be able to amuse myself for a few hours.A. treatB. holdC. entertainD. keep答案：C13.Several windows had been smashed.A. brokenB. cleanedC. replacedD. fixed答案：A14.The AIDs convention will be held in Glasgow.A. partyB. celebrationC. unionD. conference答案：D15.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A. jumpB. hopeC. silenceD. life答案：A第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Some Schooling on BackpacksAccording to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctorsoffices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children.How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes.Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.Roller bags often dont fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.16.About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B17.70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B18.Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：A19.A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B20.Children should put all the books in their lockers.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B21.Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：C22.A 10-15 minutesexercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：A第三部分：概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：(1)1-4题要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题 要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Eye Problems1 . Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, televisionviewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands . Sunlight,especially in the summer, is now regarded as one cause of cataracts(白内障)2 . The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays(紫外线) are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lensof the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causingclouded vision and eventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lensesHowever, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.3 . “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has beena big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s,” says Dr . Mireille Bonnet, who more than 100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eyemuscles and allow them to rest .4 . It was traditionally thought that near- or far- sightedness were inherited conditionsand could not be influenced by environmental factors. but new research is challengingthis assumption .5. Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United Statesand western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two- dimensional workcauses most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say theresearchers.6 . Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on theincrease because of computer use . Using computer screens means the eye mustoperate in electromagnetic fields (电磁场) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, whichresult from staring at a screen .23. Paragraph 2 _ 答案：B24. Paragraph 3 _ 答案：A25. Paragraph 4 _ 答案：D26. Paragraph 5 _ 答案：EA. The development of poor night visionB. The greatest threat to the eyesC. The function of sunglassesD. The reason for childrens nearsightednessE. The effects of computer on the eyesF. The ways to reduce eye complaints27. Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of _. 答案：B28. We can wear antr-UV glasses to protect _ 答案：D29. We used to believe that near- or far sightedness were inherited from _ 答案：A30. Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to _ 答案：EA. our parentsB. clouded visionC. eye musclesD. our eyesE. computer useF. eye move第四部分：阅读理解短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇：The Bilingual BrainWhen Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea s a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language. As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. Their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language.The researchers used an instrument called an MRI( magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children. The other consisted of people who, like Kim, learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn't speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning.Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain - Broca's area , which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke's area, which is thought to processmeaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. But their use of Broca's area was different.People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language. How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. .A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch, sound, and sight. And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.31. Kad Kims study showed thatA. people learn English and Korean in different ways .B. children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second language.C. it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluently.D. peoples brain will not change when they learn a second language答案：B32. How did kim and Hirsch study the brains of two groups of bilingual people?A. They interviewed them in English and Korean.B. They asked them to speak the same language.C. They used an MRI scanner to observe their brain.D. They asked them to talk about what they had done the day before.答案：C33.Which aspect of the two language centers in the brain does Paragraph 3 discuss?A. ImpactB. FunctionC. LocationD. Size答案：B34. Kim and Hirsch find that childrenA. use the same region in Brocas area to learn their first and second language.B. learn a second language slower than adults.C. are better at acquiring the sound system of a second language than adults.D. use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language.答案：A35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA. students do better in high school than in college.B. bilingual children will learn better in college classes.C. mothers are good language teachersD. it takes more time for adults to learn a second language.答案：D第二篇：Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different .Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests .Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldnt be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesnt think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .36.What is the main idea of this passage ?A. The importance of intelligence .B. The development of intelligence tests .C. . How to become intelligent .D. How to understand intelligence答案：D37.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .B. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .C. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests .D. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .答案：D38.Gardner believes that _ .A. all children are alike .B. children should take one intelligence test .C. there is no general intelligence .D. children have different intelligences .答案：D39.According to Gardner, schools should _ .A. test students IQs .B. promote development of all intelligences .C. train students who do poorly on tests .D. focus on finding the most intelligent students .答案：B40.Gardner thinks that his theory has a _ .A. musical foundation .B. biological foundation .C. intrapersonal foundation .D. linguistic foundation .答案：B第三篇：Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You SleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration1 has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year, a member of the United States Congress2 said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island3，crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that could cause sleepiness.The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it had documented. However, the New York Times4 reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also says there are probably more cases than are reported.5 He says the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.41. The FDA announced thatA. thirteen drug companies were closed last Wednesday.B. only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disordera.C. some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effects.D. some makers of sleeping pills provided false information to their patients.答案：C42. The FDA warned that some sleeping pillsA. can help people to learn to cookB. prevent people from driving while asleep.C. present life-threatening risk to patientsD. have severe effect on a patients long-term memory答案：D43. What happened to Patrick Kennedy last year?A. He crashed his car into a security barrier.B. He was killed during a car accident.C. His car broke down on the way home .D. He was treated for stomachache.答案：A44. After taking the drug Ambien, some peopleA. are unable drive.B. dont know how to cook.C. suffer from eating problems.D. fall asleep while walking.答案：D45. The risk of strange behaviors resulting from taking sleeping pills could be reduced itA. the FDA takes more strict regulations.B. drug companies listen to patients advice.C. the New York Times releases more reports.D. people dont drink alcohol while taking these pills.答案：D第五部分：补全短文阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Do You Have a Sense of Humor?Humor and laughter are good for us . These is increasing evidence that they can healus physically, mentally, emotionally , and spiritually . In fact every system of the bodyresponds to laughter in some positive, healing way . So how can we get more laughterinto our lives ? _ (46) Psychologist and author, Steve Wilson, has some answers.Many people believe that we are born with a sense of humor. They think, “eitheryouve got it, or you dont “ Dr . Wilson points out that this is false _ (47)The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smilingare mature at birth _ (48) (After all, when a baby laughs , we dont rush overand say .”That! kid has a great sense of humor!”) A sense of humor is something that youcan develop over a lifetime .Sometimes people think that they dont have a good sense of humor because theyare not good juke tellers . Dr . Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor . _ (49) Then we will make others laugh , too .A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life . One of the best definitions of a sense of humor is “ the ability to see thenonserious element in a situation”. Consider this sign from a story window .Any faultymerchandise will be cheerfully replaced with merchandise of equal quality . The storemanager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the storesexcellent service _ (50) As Dr . Wilson says, “a good sense of humor meansthat you dont have to be funny , you just have to see whats funny”.A. What is true , however, is that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smile.B. However, that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.C. He advises us to lose our inhibitions (抑制) and try to laugh at ourselves.D. Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?E. Ever