高中英语 Unit4《Earthquakes》学案 新人教版必修1

111Unit 4 Earthquakes 核心单词1. burst vt. & vi. (burst, bursting)爆炸；胀裂；突然而起；闯入；充满；满盈；n. 突然破裂；爆发联想拓展burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然起来burst open推开；忽然打开； 裂开burst through冲开；冲破；拨开burst in upon打断(谈话等)；突然出现； 突然到达burst in/ into闯入； 突然出现； 突然起来； 突然发作另外，burst into后接名词时可表示不同的意义：burst into laughter突然大笑起来burst into tears突然大哭起来burst into cheers突然欢呼起来burst out后接动名词也表示同样的意思burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起来高手过招单项填空Every time he thought of his past, he couldnt help bursting .(2010·济南一模)A. when; out tears B. that; into cryingC. which; into tears D. /; out crying解析：选D。burst out后接v.-ing形式，every time 相当于连词，引导状语从句。故选D。2. event n. 事件；大事；比赛项目The new book was the cultural event of the year.这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。Coming events cast their shadows before.未来之事先有征兆。The next event will be the 100-metre race.下一个比赛项目是100米赛跑。常用结构：at all events 无论怎样in any event 无论如何in the event of 万一；倘若In the event of rain, the game will be postponed.要是下雨，球赛就延期。易混辨析occurrence/event/incident/accidentoccurrence系常用词, 指“任何发生的事件”。event 指“有重要意义的历史事件、重大事件”。incident指“事件”, 尤指“比较不重要的小事件”。accident指“意外事故”。高手过招单项填空The National Day and the International Labour Day are great in our country.(2010·河南镇平二轮)A. things B. incidentsC. accidents D. eventsHow many are going to be held in this Summer Olympic Games?(2010·江苏启东一轮)A. accidents B. incidentsC. events D. sports 解析：选D。考查词义辨析。things是普通用词，指“情况；状况”；incident意为“事情；发生的事（常指小事）”；accident意为“事故”，强调未预料到的事情；event的意为“事件”，多指大事件。解析：选C。考查词义辨析。accident意为“事故”，指没有料到的恶性事件。incident指“事件”，多指不是很重要的事情。event多指“政治性的事件”，尤指大事。event也可以指（体育运动中的）比赛项目。3. rescuen.&vt. 援救，营救常用结构：rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把从营救出来come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake. 营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克尔把溺水的男孩救了起来。高手过招用rescue的适当形式填空（原创）The mother, along with her two children, from the sinking boat by a passing ship.The firemen five children from the burning house yesterday. has been rescued rescued4. judge n. 法官；鉴赏家；裁判vt.判断；估计His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。Shes a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。The blind cant judge colours. 盲人无法判断颜色。Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。联想拓展judgment n.判断，辨别力judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过判断as far as I judge 我认为judging from.从来看， 根据判断Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.从他所说的话来看，他是个诚实的人。 高手过招(1)单项填空 the hat he , the old man is a farmer.(2010·山东日照检测)A. Judging from; is wearingB. Judging by; is having on C. To judge by; puttingD. Judged by; is putting （2）用judge的适当形式填空（原创） from his appearance, he must be a rich man.In her , he must be from the south.(1)解析：选A。judging from为固定搭配，此处judging不与the old man形成逻辑主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿着”的状态，然而have on没有进行时态；dress可以作及物和不及物动词，作不及物动词时意为“穿衣”，作及物动词时宾语是人。(2)Judging judgment5. ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭。既可指实际的东西，也可指抽象的东西。n.U毁坏；毁灭 C（常用作复数）废墟联想拓展in ruins严重损坏；破败不堪；落空bring come to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡fall/go to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉 ruin oneself毁掉自己易混辨析 destroy/ruin/damage/harmdestroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。What he faced ruined his hope. 他所面对的使他的希望破灭了。The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake. 整个城市在地震中被毁掉了。Laziness will ruin ones prospects. 懒惰会使人自毁前程。We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii.我们想看一下庞贝城的废墟。They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged. 他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。高手过招单项填空I was by that law case. Im a man. (2010·11·西安月考)A. ruined; ruined B. ruined; destroyingC. damaged; destroyed D. destroyed; damagingMany old temples ruins are now being rebuilt. （原创）A. on B. by C. with D. in解析：选A。句意为：我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产，不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中，指损坏到了不能再使用的程度；damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复之意，也可用于借喻。第二个空应用过去分词作定语，表被动和完成之意。解析：选D。in ruins为固定搭配，意为“处于颓废状态”。6. buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸于联想拓展be buried alive 被活埋be buried under 为所压倒；沉浸于,忙于bury (oneself) in 埋头于；专心于；退居于(乡间等)=be buried inbury ones head in the sand自欺欺人，逃避现实（来自鸵鸟的习性）The house was half buried under snow.房子一半被埋在雪中。If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it wont be long before you find yourself left behind.如果你再拒绝承认你的一些同班同学已经赶上来了这一事实，那么不用多久，你就会发现自己落后了。 高手过招选词填空（burying/buried）（原创）I have a sigh, my head in my hands.buried 重点短语7. right away 立刻，马上Ill return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。联想拓展right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻，马上 (1)解析：选D。考查短语辨析。in no time意为“片刻之后”，而in a flash意为“片刻之间”。(2)I want it typed right away, please.8. think of认为；考虑联想拓展think poorly of不放在眼里；轻视 think twice 再三考虑think little/nothing of轻视；忽略think much/highly of重视；看重，评价高What do you think of .?认为怎么样？think about考虑；回想；想起think of考虑；记忆，记起think sth. over仔细想；谨慎思考；作进一步考虑think sth. out认真考虑；仔细盘算think sth. up想出，发明The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 政府非常重视他的发明，因为它将有益于全国人民。The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.那个愚蠢的老板根本就不重视我对那项工程的建议。He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays. 他正在考虑暑假旅游的事。I cant think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。Please think over what I said. 请仔细考虑我说的话。 He thought out a new idea. 他盘算出了一个新主意。高手过招单项填空How did you think such a clever way out of difficulty? （原创）A. over B. about C. up D. onCan you a way of solving the problem? （原创）A. discover B. invent up C. think up D. invent解析：选C。句意为：你怎样想出如此明智的办法摆脱困境？其他选项与think搭配无“想出”之意。解析：选C。think up在这里相当于think of，意为“考虑，思考”。9. at an end 结束，终结（= finish）联想拓展end n.&v. 结事，终结与end搭配的常用短语 at the end of在末尾by the end of到末为止in the end最后，终于at a loose end无所事事；处于杂乱状态make ends meet收支相抵The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。by the end of in the end at the end of10. instead of 代替，而不是The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。易混辨析instead/instead of/in place of/take the place ofinstead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“而是，相反”。instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，意为“代替、而不”。in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表示“以甲代乙”，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙否定的意思，有时意为“不”。take the place of (replace)作谓语，用在名词、代词前。高手过招单项填空I think we should buy a new curtain this one.Yes. It looks a bit ugly .(2010·江西赣州一轮)A. to replace; as it isB. to in place of; now C. to take the place of; as it was D. instead of; than that oneWe will go there on foot by bus. What about you? (2010·11·福建福州月考)A. instead B. instead of C. without D. but 解析：选A。to replace为不定式作目的状语。as it is意为“现在的样子”。解析：选B。 instead of意为“用一种形式代替另一种形式”。C项有一定干扰性，without意为“在没有的情况下”，因此不合题意。11. the number of意为“的数量、数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of意为“一些，很多”，相当于 many, 后接可数名词复数，当它作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The number of competitors is limit.参赛者的数量是有限的。A number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了一些问题。a large /great/good number of；a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可数名词复数，意为“大量的”；a great/good deal; a great/ large amount of; quite a little+ 不可数名词，意为“大量的”；a lot of/lots of; a great /large quantity of; large quantities of/ plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词均可，意为“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity of ., large quantities of .作主语时谓语动词与quantity形式一致。高手过招单项填空During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York City decreased.(2010·11·山东烟台月考)A. have B. has C. was D. were 解析：选B。the number of+复数名词，其主语是number，故谓语动词用单数，意为“的数量”。重点句型12. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。“too + adj./adv.+动词不定式”结构简称为“too . to”结构，在大多数情况下表示否定意义，通常可意为“太而不能;太无法”。“too .to”结构表示否定的常见句型有：too +adj./adv. + to do，有时too后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词。too . to/to be done形式。这是“too .to”结构中不定式为被动式时的变体，如果主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式既可以用主动式，也可以用被动式，此时用主动式虽然在形式上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。too + adj. + a (an) + n.+ to + v./to be done形式。这个句型在too+ adj.后再接一个带不定冠词的名词，不定冠词一定要放置于形容词后。与此同时，只有当too后形容词修饰一个可数名词时，才可以在形容词与名词间加不定冠词“a/an”。当句子主语能发出该不定式的动作时，可以用to + v.的主动式，当主语是该不定式动作的承受者时，则用to be + v.-ed的被动式。温馨提示并不是所有“too .to”结构的句子都表示否定意义，在下列情况下，“too .to”结构可以表示肯定意义： “too .to”结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法，意为“非常，十分，实在，真是太”等。“too .to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready，eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容，而是修饰形容词，故不定式不再表示结果。在“too .to”结构中，不定式为否定式时，是构成的双重否定，其意为“非常/很/太/那么不会不/必定能/所以能”，也不表示否定意义。 I，m too tired to think of anything now.我太累了，什么也不能想了。 The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk. 茶太热，不能喝。The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.这些鞋子破烂得不能修补。 He，s too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say. (As an artist he，s too experienced to mind what the critics say.)他是个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不会介意批评家说些什么。 He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say.他是一个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不至于为批评家们的议论而担忧。I am but too glad to do so. 我非常喜欢这样做。 He was too anxious to do this job. 他非常想做这件工作。 The girl is too careful not to do it well.这姑娘很细心，完全能做好那件事。高手过招单项填空He seems tired to do it. But I am only glad to do it.(2010·江苏常州一轮)A. very; too B. extremely; too1. too; too D. very; very解析：选C。第一空为too .to 太而不能，第二空前有only所以too .to强调肯定，意为“非常、十分”。13. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！联想拓展as if=as though意为“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。注意：as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。另外，as if (though)还可以表达感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白发十分凌乱，好像触了电似的。(虚拟语气)She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。(陈述事实)As if anyone would believe that story！好像有人竟会相信那样的事！As if we were all stupid and he alone clever！哼，就仿佛我们都是傻瓜，只有他一个人聪明似的。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起他的手，好像要取下帽子。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现的好像什么也没发生。 高手过招（1）单项填空Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow?Yes, I will go it，s windy.(2010·11·山东滨州月考)A. as if B. even thoughC. as soon as D. as though（2）翻译句子（原创）你像是见了鬼似的。这个男孩向四周察看，像在寻找什么东西。 (1)解析：选B。even though相当于even if，引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”；as if（though）引导方式状语从句；as soon as引导时间状语从句。(2)You looked as if you had seen a ghostThe boy looked about as if in search of something14. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词后跟否定词not连用时，一般都表示部分否定，其中all, both, each, every无论在not之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。但如果句子中出现下列单词或短语则该句为全部否定：none of+n./pron.; neither+n./pron.; no+n.; nothing；nobody；neither；never；nowhere；neither . nor等。All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries. 并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。Each machine here is not produced in our plant.这里的机器不全是我们厂生产的。高手过招单项填空We couldnt eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us. （原创）A. all; no B. any; noC. none; any D. no one; any 解析：选C。考查全部否定。句意为：因为我们大家身上都没带钱，所以不能在饭店里吃饭。故选C项。 111