2013年高考英语《Unit 4 Earthquakes》要点梳理+重点突破 新人教版必修1

111必修1Unit 4Earthquakes 要 点 梳 理高效梳理·知识备考重点单词1burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂，爆发2event n事件；大事3nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的，民族的nationality n国籍4ruin n废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产5suffering n苦难；痛苦suffer v受苦，遭受6extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.7injure vt.损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的injury n伤害，损害8destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭9useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的useful(反义词)use v. & n使用，利用10shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊11rescue n. & vt.援救；营救12trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境13electricity n电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的14disaster n灾难；灾祸15bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏16shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处17damage n. & vt.损失；损害18frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的19judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n判断，判决20express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递expression n表达expressive adj.有表现力的重点短语1right away立刻2at an end 结束3in ruins 成为废墟4dig out 掘出；发现5a(great) number of 许多；大量的6give out 分发；发出(气味、热等)7thousands of 成千上万8think little of 不重视；不假思索9blow away 吹走；刮走10be proud of 以而自豪11instead of 代替12be trapped in 陷入之中13be known for/as 因为/作为出名14bring in 引进；引来重点句型1In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。2It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！3All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。高考范文(2009·湖南卷)假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友张华写一封信，告诉他你第一天上课的情况，主要内容如下： 1描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情； 2介绍你处理该事的方式； 3谈谈你的感想。 注意：1. 词数不少于120个； 2可适当发挥想象，增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息。 _思路点拨本文需要考生发挥想象，适当增加内容，写作的自由空间比较大。文章应包含以下要点：1描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；2介绍你处理该事的方式；3谈谈你的感想；4注意词数是不少于120。范文Dear Zhanghua，Long time no see! I miss you very much. Now I am so excited that I can't wait to share with you an unforgettable experience. I gave my first lesson today, which left me a deep impression.Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom, my students began to make more noise. I stood on the platform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. Then I realized something must be done. I asked the kids whether they liked English songs. After taking a deep breath, I sang a song I had practised many times. To my surprise, all the kids were concentrating on my class later on.How delighted I am now! Actually, whatever happens, we must stay calm first and then find a wise solution. Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hong考 点 探 究互动探究·能力备考.词汇短语过关1burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然起来burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然起来；突然发作burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来burst in 闯入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸发即学即练1(1)She burst out _ for a while, and burst into _ for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。(2)We all thought his heart would burst _ _.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。(3)The police _ and arrested the gang.警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。 cryinglaughterwithhappinessburst in(4)Tom is bursting _ his mother.汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。(5)There was _ laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。to seea burst of2ruin n. U毁坏；毁灭，崩溃C(pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪be the ruin of 成为毁灭(堕落)的原因come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉即学即练2(1)Drink was his father's _ and it will be the _of him too.酗酒是他父亲失败的原因，他也将遭同样的厄运。(2)Years of fighting have left the area _.多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。(3)A large number of churches _ after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。(4)The heavy rain _.大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。 (5)If you go on like this, you'll _.如果你继续这样下去，你会自己毁了自己。ruinruinin ruinsfell to ruinruined our holidayruin yourself3injure vt. 损害，伤害injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的do an injury to sb.伤害某人the injured伤员an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感即学即练3(1)The boy _ his leg.这个男孩把腿弄伤了。(2)Your remark may _ her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。(3)I didn't mean to _ her _.我并未打算伤害她。injuredinjuredoan injury4shock n. U；C打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear.看见/听到使某人震惊。(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击即学即练4(1)The news of his wife's death was _ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。(2)He _ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。(3)_ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。a terrible shock towas shocked atIt shocked me提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)5bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏bury oneself in study 埋头研究bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事be buried in thoughts 沉思bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隐居即学即练5(1)He was sitting with his head _in a book.他坐着埋头看书。(2)He walked slowly, his hands _ in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。(3)After the divorce, she _ her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。buriedburiedburied herself in提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。6judge v. 断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力judging by/from 从上看，根据判断judge sb./sth. from/by. 从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法即学即练6(1)Don't _ a book _ its cover. 勿以貌取人。(2)_ his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。(3)He _ the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。judgebyJudging from/byWas judged to be7right away立刻，马上(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off(2)比较right away/right nowright away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。即学即练7(1)I want it to be sent _.马上把它发出去。(2)He cleaned the room _.他立即开始打扫房间。(3)Hes not in the office _.他现在不在办公室。right awayright awayright now8at an end 终止；结束bring.to an end (使)结束，终止come to an end 结束，终止at the end of 在尽头(末)by the end of 到末为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)on end 一连，连续to the end 到底without end 没完没了make ends meet 收支相抵即学即练8(1)The year is _.这一年已到年终了。(2)The meeting _.会议结束了。(3)Go straight and youll find the hospital _ the road.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。(4)They argued for two hours _.他们一连辩论了两个小时。at an endcame to an endat the end ofon end9a (great) number of 许多；大量的a large/great/good number ofa great/good manya good fewquite a few可数名词复数many a more than one单数可数名词单数谓语动词a great/good deal ofa great/large amount ofquite a little不可数名词a lot/lots ofa great/large quantity oflarge quantities ofplenty of可数名词复数或不可数名词即学即练9(1)There _ (be) a great number of books in the shelves.(2)The number of guests invited _ (be) 50, but a number of them _ (be) absent for the heavy rain.(3)Quantities of water _ (be) polluted now.(4)A great deal of oil _ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.(5)Many a famous writer _(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper. arewaswerearewasis提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。the number of 是“的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。(2)large quantities of (pl.)/U做主语，谓语动词用复数。large amounts ofU n做主语，谓语动词用复数。.重点句型详解1It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！It seems (to sb.) that. (对某人来说)似乎Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done.It seems as if/though. “似乎(好像)”，可接虚拟语气。seem(to be)n./adj. 似乎是There seems to be. 好像有It seems so. (So it seems.) 似乎是那样。It seemed that he had known the truth.He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。His father seems (to be) strict.他父亲似乎很严厉。There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎远处有人说话。It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。辨析：seem/look/appear(1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。(2)look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接 as if从句，不接 that从句。(3)appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接 that从句，不接 as if从句。即境活用1What a noise! I can hardly stand it.It _ as if they are having a party next door.AlooksBseemsCappears Dhappens解析：C、D项不接 as if从句。A项不合题意。考查 It seems as if.句式。答案：B 2In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。too.to. 句型表示“太以至于不能(表否定)”，可转化为 not.enough to.和 so.that.。The child is too young to dress himself.The child is not old enough to dress himself.The child is so young that he can't dress himself.这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。提示：(1)当 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious时，to 后的动词表示肯定。例如：The book is too easy to understand.这本书太容易理解了。He was too anxious to leave.他急于离开。(2)too.not to. 句式表示肯定意思。例如：He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。(3)too.to.中 too前面用了否定词(如 never)时，表示肯定。例如：It is never too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。(4)only too.to.表示肯定，其中 too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true等。例如：The girl is only too kind to help us.这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。即境活用2Jim is a kind boy. He is _willing to help his classmates.Aso BsuchCmuch Dtoo解析：tooglad/pleased/willing.to.表示肯定意义。如用A项应改为 so.as to才对。答案：D 3All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。此句为部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。All that glitters is not gold.发光的并不一定都是金子。Both of the brothers don't like the film.兄弟俩不都喜欢这部电影。Not everything went well with him.他并非每件事情都顺利。Not all of the rich are happy.不是所有有钱人都幸福。 The rich are not always happy.有钱人并非总是幸福。You can't fool all the people all the time.你未必总是能愚弄所有的人。拓展：全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing，以及 not.any/either来表示。None of them are right. 他们都不对。Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。即境活用3(1)The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it?No, but I don't believe _could pass it.Asomebody BanybodyCeverybody Dnobody解析：not与 everybody 连用表示部分否定。答案：C(2)(2008·全国)Which of the two computer games did you prefer?Actually I didn't like _.Aboth of them Beither of themCnone of them Dneither of them解析：not. eitherneither 表示全部否定。答案：B易 错 点 拨自我完善·误区备考1. ruin/destroy/damage(1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破坏严重，强调渐渐毁坏了，多指不属于人为因素毁坏某事物，而是自然现象或客观原因改变。有“(使)破产，(使)毁灭”等意思。(2)destroy vt. 指彻底毁坏，以致不能修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”解，还有“打破(希望、计划)”之意。(3)damage n&v. 表示使事物在价值、效用、外观等方面受到毁坏、损害，即部分受损，程度比 destroy 轻。应用1(1)The car was only slightly _ in the accident.这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。(2)That will _ the reputation of our products.那会毁了我们产品的声誉。(3)The crops are nearly _ by the continuous rain.连续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。damageddestroyruined2. injure/wound/hurt/harminjure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。hurt 是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感；还可表示“疼、痛”。harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可。有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。应用2(1)The robber _ him with a knife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。(2)These criticisms have _ his pride deeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。(3)Two people have been badly _ in the accident.有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。(4)Don't _ your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。woundedhurt/injuredinjuredharm高 效 作 业自我测评·技能备考.单词拼写1_(祝贺) to you on your winning the contest.2Thousands of people died in the _(灾难)3His sudden death was a great _ (震惊) to his family.4He was one of the _(裁判员) at the boxing match.5The car was _(陷入) in the mud and couldn't get out.Congratulationsdisastershockjudgestrapped6The firemen r_ three women from the burning house.7They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_.8Don't leave the lights onit wastes e_9The miners were b_ alive when the tunnel collapsed.10He was too nevous to e_ himself in front of the girl.rescuedshelterelectricityburiedexpress .单项选择1Have you heard of DP.R. Korea's nuclear test?Yes, _ news came as _shock to me.Athe; aBthe; theCa; a Da; the答案：A解析：考查冠词。第一空特指上文的消息用 the；第二空用a表示“一个震惊”。2Before the firemen arrived, the whole wooden building had already been _ in the big fire.Ainjured BwoundedCdamaged Ddestroyed答案：D解析：表示“房屋被烧毁”用 destroy。3I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.You can never be _ careful in the street.Amuch BveryCso Dtoo答案：D解析：考查 never.too.表示“再也不为过；越越好”。4At least 203 miners were killed, 22 _ and 13 _ in a coal mine gas explosion on Monday afternoon in Fuxin.Ainjuring; trapping Binjured; trappedCinjured; trapping Dinjuring; trapped答案：B解析：考查过去分词。两空都与 were killed并列，故填过去分词形式。5_ the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.AJudged from BHaving judged fromCJudging from DAfter having judged from答案：C解析：judging from为固定用法，“从判断”的意思。6(2010·山东潍坊质量监测)Her books were all over the dining table, _ meant we had to eat in the kitchen.Awhich BwhatCthat Dit答案：A解析：考查定语从句。语意为：她的书摆满了餐桌，这就意味着我们必须在厨房吃饭了。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，代替主句所表达的整个内容。故选A项。7(2010·四川绵阳中学)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst _ laughing while he burst _ tears.Ainto; in Binto; outCout; into Dout; in答案：C解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burst out laughing表示“突然大笑起来”，burst into tears表示“突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。8His head was _ in the book he was reading.Adevoted BaddictedCburied Dabsorbed答案：C解析：bury oneself/ones head in“埋头于，专心于”。be addicted tobe devoted tobe absorbed in“专心于”，其主语皆为人。9This year an increased number of drivers _ for driving after drinking.Ahave punished Bhave been punishedChas punished Dhas been punished答案：B解析：“a number of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数，此句中应用被动语态。10The tsunami killed _ people in South and Southeast Asia.Aten thousands Bten thousands ofCtens of thousand Dtens of thousands of答案：D解析：tens of thousands of 意为“数以万计的”。11There seems _something wrong with the car. I can't start it.Aas if BthatCto be Dto have答案：C解析：考查 seem的用法，用在 there be句型中，故用 There seems to be.12He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.Auntil BwhenCbefore Das答案：C解析：考查 before 引导时间状语从句。13(2010·福建六校三联)On Christmas Eve, the English evening _ singing the song The Unforgettable Tonight.Acame up Bdrew upCran up Dended up答案：D解析：考查动词词组辨析。come up“出现，发生”；draw up“起草”；run up“积欠(债务等)”；end up“结束”。语意：圣诞前夜，英语晚会以歌曲难忘今宵结束。因此，D项正确。14_ he is doing an operation on the patient; please dont disturb him.ARight away BRight nowCIn no time DAt once答案：B解析：四个短语都有“立即，马上”之意，但right now还有“现在，此时此刻”之意。句意为：他目前正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他。15We cant have lunch at the restaurant, because _.Aall of us dont have moneyBnot all of us have moneyCeveryone of us dont have moneyDnone of us has money答案：D解析：考查部分否定与全部否定。A、B、C均为部分否定，D项为全部否定，据题意选D。 .阅读理解 ALast year, I lived in Chile for half a year. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of any Chilean teenager. I had good days and bad days I didn't understand.Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp. When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to. There were lots of dogs on the streets, and there was no downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and little to do for entertainment. Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and needed one person to whom I could explain my shock. I couldn't speak the thoughts in my head and there were so many.Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲). I was required to overcome all the difficulties.As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy.But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture. I now have a deeper understanding of both myself and others.1. The author went to Chile last year with the purpose of _.A. paying a visit to Chile as a touristB. experiencing Chilean life as a teacherC. studying Chilean culture as a college studentD. studying knowledge as an exchange student答案及解析：1. D。细节理解题。综合第三段的“I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class.”和第四段的“Most exchange students experience this like me.”可判断作者是一名交换生。2. On arriving in Chile, why did the author feel frightened?A. Because he did not know how to get along with the local people.B. Because it was full of dangers like earthquakes and windstorms.C. Because its living conditions were worse than what he was used to.D. Because it was not convenient for him to shop there.答案及解析：2C。细节理解题。文章第二段提到：“It was so different from what I was used to.” 再从街道环境、购物环境、娱乐设施、自然条件等方面描写智利比较差的生活条件，由此可知作者是因为智利生活条件比他原先习惯的生活差许多而产生恐惧心理。3. In the first week in Chile the author _.A. was not used to eating Chilean foodB. had some friends to have a chat withC. couldn't communicate with peopleD. couldn't express his thoughts in English答案及解析：3A。细节理解题。来到智利的第一周，作者还在承受着culture shock 的痛苦，综合第四段“Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲)”和第五段的“As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food.” 可判断，不习惯智利的饮食是作者来到智利的第一周出现的。4. What did the author most probably think of his life in Chile?A. Wonderful and worthwhile.B. Difficult but meaningful. C. Difficult and meaningless.D. Boring and disappointing.答案及解析：4B。推理判断题。综合第四段的“I was required to overcome all the difficulties.”和最后一段“But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain.”可知，作者最有可能会认为自己在智利的生活不容易， 但尽管如此还是很有意义的，因为它让作者学到了很多东西。5. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Chile is true?A. Its official language is Spanish and English.B. It is a developing count