2013年高考英语《Unit 1 Cultural relics》要点梳理+重点突破 新人教版必修2

111必修2Unit 1Cultural relics 要 点 梳 理高效梳理·知识备考重点单词1valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的value n价值 v估价invaluable adj.无法估价的，无价的2survive vi.幸免；生幸存还survivor n幸存者survival n幸存，存活3amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶amazing adj.令人吃惊的amazed adj.感到吃惊的amazement n惊奇，惊异4select vt.挑选；选择selective adj.有选择性的5design n设计；图案；构思vt.设计；计划；构思designer n设计者6decorate v装饰；装修decoration n装饰，装饰物7jewel n珠宝；宝石jewellery n珠宝(总称)8remove vt.移动；搬开removal n移动；排除9doubt n怀疑；疑惑vt.怀疑；不信doubtful adj.怀疑的10former adj.以前的；从前的11worth prep.值得的，相当于的价值n.价值；作用adj.古值钱的12evidence n根据；证据evident adj.明显的；有线索的13explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸14entrance n入口15sink vi.下沉；沉下16debate n争论；辩论vi.争论；辩论重点短语1in search of 寻找2belong to 属于3in return 作为报答4at war 处于交战状态5less than 少于6take apart 拆开7think highly of 看重；器重8serve as 充当；担任9be of the fancy style 风格奇特的10rather than 而不是重点句型1Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世永远想象不到，他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。2There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train. 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车3After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。高考范文(2009·四川卷)假设你是李华。你的外国笔友Jane 打算于七月来中国，特来信了解中国的社交习俗。请你用英语回一封信，从以下几个方面作具体介绍。 1.见面时的问候方式； 2.对赞美的回答方式； 3.接收礼物时的回应方式； 4.餐宴礼节。注意：1词数100左右，信的开头和结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。2可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。Dear Jane，Glad to hear from you and you're welcome to China July._I hope what's mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey. Yours sincerely， Li Hua范文Dear Jane，Glad to hear from you and you're welcome to China in July. The following are some Chinese customs. Firstly, we greet each other by saying “Hello” or asking such questions as “Where are you going？” or “Are you busy？” to express our care. Secondly, when praised, we reply with “Oh, no！” or “I'm overpraised” to show good manners. Next, when receiving a gift, we usually say “It's unnecessary” besides “Thanks” to show politeness and then put it away. Finally, at dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses when drinking to someone's health or success to show that we're warm. Anyhow, different cultures, different customs. If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome”， you'll enjoy more of your stay here.I hope what's mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.Yours sincerely，Li Hua 考 点 探 究互动探究·能力备考.词汇短语过关1survive vt. 在之后仍然生存；逃生；比活得长vi. 活下来；幸存survival n. 存活，幸存survivor n. 幸存者survive sb. (by) 比某人活得长(几年)survive sth. 幸免于某事survive on sth. 靠存活下来survive from sth. 从存活下来；流传下来即学即练1(1)It was lucky that the boy _ _.很幸运，这个男孩得以从大火中逃生。(2)She _ her husband by ten years.她比她丈夫多活了十年。(3)Many strange customs have _ earlier times.有许多古怪的习俗源远流长。survived thefiresurvivedsurvived from2design n设计；图案；构思 vt. 设计；计划；构思by designon purpose 有意，故意have designs on/upon sth. (money/life) 图谋(钱、生命等)be designed for sb./sth.be designed to do sth.be designed as sth.为某目的或用途而制造或计划即学即练2(1)They have _ a lot of advanced electric equipments.他们已设计了许多先进的电子设备。(2)The experiment _ the new drug.实验的目的是试验新药。(3)These books are primarily _ the use of beginners.这些书主要是供初学的人使用的。(4)She attended a school _.她就读于一所服装设计学校。designedis designed to testdesigned forof dress design 3fancy adj. 奇怪的；异样的vt. 想象；设想；爱好n想象力；幻想；爱好fancy oneself (as sth.) 自命不凡；自负fancyn.(to be)/asn. 认为是fancy (one's) doing 想象(某人)做某事have a fancy for 爱好catch/take one's fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物Just fancy! 口想想看！奇怪！Fancy (that)! 真想不到！真奇怪！fancy dress/clothes 奇装异服绕口令Fancy Nancy did not fancy doing fancy work. But fancy Nancy's fancy auntie did fancy Nancy doing fancy work. 可爱的南希没有想象到能做出出色的工作，而可爱的南希的漂亮的姑姑的确想象到南希做出了出色的工作。即学即练3(1)Do you _this evening？今晚你想不想出去？(2)She _ a famous actress.她自以为是个有名的演员。(3)She _ she was being followed.她觉得好像自己被跟踪了。fancy going outfancied herself(as/to be)fancied that提示：fancy用做动词，有时用于祈使句，表示惊奇，不相信，震惊等，后加名词、代词、动名词等做宾语，如Fancy meeting you here！想不到在这儿遇见你！4doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑vt. 怀疑；不信doubtful adj. 怀疑的beyond/out of doubt 毫无疑问地；确实地in doubt 不肯定；不确定no doubt 无疑地；很可能without doubt 无疑地；确实地I don't doubt that.我确信I doubt whether (if).我怀疑是否There is no doubt thatclauseabout.毫无疑问注意：doubt 在肯定句中用 whether或 if引导从句，但在疑问句和否定句中用 that引导从句。即学即练4(1)_ they will agree with you on this matter.毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。(2)_ their football team will win the match.他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。(3)I don't doubt_ he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按时完成任务。There is no doubt thatThere is some doubt whetherthat(4)I doubt_ they can swim across the river.我怀疑他们能否游过河去。(5)This meeting has been, _ , one of the most useful we have had so far.这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议。whetherwithout doubt5worth prep. 值得的；相当于的价值n价值；作用 adj. 值钱的be worthn.“值”(仅限于少数表示钱数或某种代价的比喻性名词)be (well) worth doing “(很)值得做”(用 well修饰；用动名词的主动式表示被动含义)be worthyofn.ofbeing done值得做某事to be doneIt is worthwhileto do sth.doing sth.做某事是值得的另外：worthy 可用做前置定语，表示“有价值的；可敬的”，而 worth不能做前置定语。如：a worthy gentleman 一位可敬的绅士。即学即练5(1)The trip was expensive but it _.这次旅行花费很大，但是花的每一分钱都不冤枉。(2)The book is _ worth _.这本书很值得一读。(3)The article is worthy _._._. 这篇文章值得仔细研究。 was worth every pennywellreadingof careful studyof being studied carefullyto be studied carefully6in search ofin one's search for 寻找；搜寻search.for.在里面/身上搜寻search forlook forhunt for 寻找search out 找出某人或某物search through 把仔细搜寻一遍make a search for.搜查，搜寻即学即练6(1)They started off at once _ the missing girl.他们立即出发，寻找失踪的女孩。(2)The police _ her _ drugs.警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。(3)We have been _ the lost boy all over.我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。(4)He _ the book and gave it to me.他找出那本书给了我。(5)He _ (through) his pockets _ a cigarette.他把自己的口袋找遍了，想找到一根香烟。 in search ofsearchedforsearching forsearched outsearchedfor拓展：in honour of 为了纪念；为向表示敬意in praise of 歌颂；表扬in memory of 为纪念in favour of 赞同，支持in place of 代替in charge of 负责in possession of 拥有in control of 控制in face of 面对in need/want of 需要7belong to 属于；为的一员即学即练7(1)That dictionary _ the library.那本词典是图书馆的。(2)Do you _ the trade union？你是工会会员吗？(3)Where do these plates _？这些盘子该放在哪？belongs tobelong tobelong提示：(1)belong to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。(2)belong vi. “适合待在某处，放在某处”，没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。(3)belongings n. 财产，所有物，相关事物8in return 作为回报；作为交换in return for为作为回报without return 无赚头；无利润by return (接信后)立即回复return sb. sth. (return sth. to sb.) 将某物归还某人return to some place/life 回到某地/复活即学即练8(1)He gave her some roses _ her kindness.他送给她一些玫瑰答谢她的好意。(2)They let us use their computers, and _ we give them the results of our research.他们让我们使用他们的电脑，作为交换，我们给他们提供我们的研究成果。in return forin return9at war处于交战状态at work在上班at play 在玩at peace 处于和平中at school 在上学at breakfast 在吃早饭at table 在吃饭at desk 在学习at rest 静止即学即练9(1)The two countries have been _ for years.这两国已经打了好几年仗了。(2)_ the insect looks like a dead leaf.这种昆虫不动时看上去像一片枯叶。(3)The countries have been _ for more than a century.这些国家和平共处已有一个多世纪了。at warAt restat peace提示：(1)on也可以表示“在中”，常见搭配有：on duty/sale/fire/strike/business/show等。(2)under表示“在中”，常见搭配有：under way/control/repair/construction等。10take apart 拆开，拆散即学即练10(1)The Germans _ the Amber Room and moved it away.德国人把琥珀屋拆开移走了。(2)John enjoys _ to see how they work.约翰喜欢拆卸东西，以研究它们的工作原理。took aparttaking things apart拓展：apart 是副词，“相距，相隔；分开，分离；在一边”。还可以构成如下短语：apart from 除以外know/tell. apart 辨认，区别put/set sb./sth. apart (from sb./sth.)使某人/某物显得优越或独特stand apart 分开站live apart 分开住be wide/far apart 相距很远这些短语中，若代词做宾语，要放在动词与 apart 之间。apart from有 besides 和 except 的双重含义。11think highly of 看重；器重think well/much of sb./sth. 对某人/某物评价高think badly/little/ill/lightly of sb./sth. 对某人/某物评价低(印象不好)think poorly of 不放在眼里；轻视think nothing of 轻视；认为无所谓speak highly of 高度赞扬speak well/ill of 说好/坏think of 想起，记得；觉得怎样think of.as.把当做即学即练11(1)I don't _ these socalled improvements to the town center.我对这些所谓的改善市中心的措施评价不高。(2)We all _ her.我们都很看重她。think much ofthink highly of提示：当 think highly/well/much.of用于被动结构时，修饰动词的副词应放在动词之前，即：be highly/well/much thought of。.重点句型详解1Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世永远想象不到他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。本句中 could never have imagined为情态动词表推测的用法，can和 could可以用在否定句和疑问句中，后接完成式，表示对已发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等；或接进行时，表示对正发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等；或接原形，表示对现在或一般情况的否定推测。Could/Can he have been told the news?他被告知这个消息了吗？He knew little about Japanese, so he couldn't have learned it. 他对日语一无所知，因此他不可能学过。The light is out. They can't be at home.灯灭着，他们现在不可能在家。拓展：(1)can/could主要用于否定推测；must 表推测只用于肯定句；mustn't表示“禁止；不允许”。情态动词 can和 must表推测时，其反意疑问句的动词形式要依据主句中有无具体时间状语而定。(2)could have done用于肯定句，则表示“本来能够做到却没有做到”，此时 could不能换成 can。It seems that he is unhappy. He must have been told the bad news.看起来他不高兴，他一定已被告知这个坏消息了。He could have caught the early bus, but his bike broke down on the way.他本能够赶上那辆早班车，但是他的自行车在路上坏了。即境活用1(1)I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened.AshouldntBcouldn'tCmustn't Dneedn't解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。must表推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用 can't/couldn't 代替。shouldn't have done表示“本来不该而实际上却做了”，needn't have done表示“本来不必而实际上却做了”，均不合题意。本句译为：当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。答案：B (2)He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.Acould BwouldCmust Dneed解析：本题考查情态动词 could have done 表示本来能办到的事，而没有做成。本句译为：他本可以免费进入，却买了票。答案：A2After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。remain a mystery为系表结构，在该结构中，remain为系动词，意为“(继续)保持，仍然处于(某种状态)”，后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等做表语。Where he has gone remains a mystery.他去哪里了仍然是个谜。Shops remain open till late in the evening.商店营业到晚上很晚。Much work remains undone. 还有大量的工作未做。They remained listening. 他们一直在听。The patient remained in danger. 病人仍处在危险中。That remains to be seen. 那还有待观察。Since it's been a secret so long, it had better remain so.既然它已是长时间的秘密，还是继续保密为好。拓展：(1)remain还可用做不及物动词，意为“剩下，还有；(继续)待在某处，继续存在，留下”。Little of the original architecture remains.原来的建筑现在留存的已经很少了。I'll remain to see the end of the game.我将留下看比赛的结果。(2)辨析 remain/stay/keepremain继续保持或处于原来的状态。stay继续保持或处于原来的状态，与 remain同义，但后面不接 to do或 to be done，多接形容词等构成系表结构。keep需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态。即境活用2(2008·辽宁)Please remain _； the winner of the prize will be announced soon.Aseating BseatedCto seat Dto be seated解析：考查 remain后接分词做表语，seat vt.“使就坐”，用过去分词 seated做表语。答案：B易 错 点 拨自我完善·误区备考1. elect/choose/select/pick(1)elect“选举；选择”，指在一定的范围内或有限的数量中，遵照一定的规章或法制，用投票或举手等表决方式，以多数为标准，选举出代表或负责人；也含有为完成某任务而选择适用的人员的意思。(2)choose“挑选；选择”，指从若干人或事物中找出符合要求、满足需要的人或事物。这种选择取决于个人主观意志，带有最终选定的含义。(3)select“精选”，语气比choose重，而且更正式，强调客观性，挑选对象是同类的。(4)pick常与out连用，有“挑选，选择”之意，指仔细地、精心地选择，带有挑剔意味，有时可与select互换，作“拣出，认出”解。应用1(1)It took her an hour to _ a dress that suited her.(2)Chu has been _ to attend the National Young Leaders Conference.(3)We have _ him chairman.(4)You should _ friends with care.pick(out)selectedelectedchoose2. jewel/jewellery(1)jewel指“宝石，珠宝”，为可数名词。如：valuable jewels“值钱的珠宝”。它也可引申为“被珍视的东西或人”。(2)jewellery也可写做jewelry，为不可数名词，是“珠宝”的总称。应用2(1)He bought a piece of _ for his wife.(2)His wife is a _ to him.jewelleryjewel3. remove/moveremove和move都表示“移动”。区别是move强调位置和姿态的改变；remove强调完全放弃原来的地方而到达新的地方，有时相当于take away/off。表示“迁居”时，二者均可。应用3(1)What do you advise for _ ink from my clothes?(2)Who _ my cheese?(3)We are _ from London to the country.removingmovedmoving/removing高 效 作 业自我测评·技能备考.单词拼写1There was not enough e_ to prove that he stole the wallet. 2The rare vase was made in Ming D_.3I don't like his s_ of dress.4Anne's parents died in the earthquake, but she s_.5I d_ whether what he said was true.6Before the Nazis came, they were only able to_(搬动) some of the things.evidenceDynastystylesurviveddoubtremove7I found the streets _(装饰) with colorful flowers.8When the boiler _(爆炸) many people were hurt by the steam.9The skirt sells well for its excellent _(设计)10The scientists have made a _(有价值的) discovery recently.decoratedexplodeddesignvaluable .单项选择1The little boy was the only one who _ the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that.AescapedBexperiencedCsurvived Dsuffered答案：C解析：survive幸存，幸免于难。escape逃跑，和from连用；experience经历；suffer遭受。2Leading the US womens volleyball team back to her hometown for the Beijing Olympic Games, Lang Ping felt _ when she saw some familiar faces.Aat home Bat heartCat will Dat sight答案：A解析：考查短语辨析。句意为：当郎平看到一些熟悉的面孔时，她感觉很亲切。at home“自在的，不拘束的”；干扰项at heart意思是“内心里，本质上”；at will意思是“任意，随心所欲地”；at sight意思是“一看到就”。由题意可知，A为正确答案。3Children above 12 are able to take part in skiing or other activities _ for them.Adesigned BdesigningCto design Dhaving designed答案：A解析：考查 be designed for sb. “为某人设计”，句中 designed 为过去分词做定语。4Bad habits are no way easy to be _； it needs your determination.Areplaced BdisappearedCremoved Dgone答案：C解析：句中 remove 相当于 get rid of“摆脱(坏习惯)”。5How do you find the British Museum?Great! It's _worth _.Avery; visiting Bwell; a visitCquite; being visited Dvery much; visiting答案：B解析：worth的修饰语常用 well；worth后可接名词或动名词。6The twins look so much _ that it's hard to tell them _.Alike; part Blikely；partlyCalike; apart Dlikely; apart答案：C解析：look alike “长得像”，alike 为表语形容词；tell.apart“区别”，apart为副词。7What do you think _ Mr Wang?He is _ thought of by us.Aof; well Babout; badlyCover; worse Dof; good答案：A解析：What do you think of.？句式表示：“你认为怎么样？”be well thought of被评价很高。8He gave us a lot of help when we were in trouble, but we have nothing to give him _.Ain danger Bin needCin return Din fact答案：C解析：考查介词短语。“给某人以回报”用 in return。in danger处于危险中；in need 需要；in fact 实际上。9Even though we have made much progress in preventing pollution, yet much _.Ais remained to do Bremains to doCremains to be done Dis remained to be done答案：C解析：remain“仍然”，没有被动语态，排除A、D项。remain to be done意为“仍需被做”。10(2010·山东潍坊质量监测)Her English composition is much too perfect. She _ it herself, I bet.Amight have written Bcan't have writtenCcan't write Dmust have written答案：B解析：考查情态动词。语意为：她的英语作文太好了，我打赌一定不是她写的。因为write是过去的动作，表示对过去事情的否定推测用can't have done。故选B项。11Jenny is always absent from school, _ I suppose is why she is criticized now and then.Awhich BwhoCthat Dwhat答案：A解析：考查非限制性定语从句。代替前面一句话的意思，且在从句中做主语，用关系代词 which。12(2010·黄冈中学)_ is no doubt _ the amber room was lost in World War .AIt; that BIt; whetherCThere; that DThere; whether答案：C解析：考查固定句式和名词性从句。there's no doubt that表示“毫无疑问”，是固定句式，that引导的从句作no doubt的同位语。13_is known to us all, America is a developed country _ the First World.AWhich; belonged to BAs; belonging toCWhat; belonged to DIt; belonging to答案：B解析：第一空 as引导非限制性定语从句，“正如大家所知”；第二空 belonging to为现在分词做后置定语。14Can I believe in our monitor?_. He is honest.ADon't worry about itBThere's no doubt about itCThat's kind of you to say soDJust soso答案：B解析：考查交际用语。回答：“毫无疑问。他很诚实。”15Long time no see! You look well._. You look fine, too.AThanks BGreatCOh, no DNot at all答案：A解析：对于朋友间的寒暄话，答语要用thanks或thank you。. 阅读理解AThanks to science, industry and moral philosophy, mankind's steps were at last guided up the right path in the past century. The 19th century of steam was about to give way to the 20th century of oil and electricity. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, only 41 years old in 1900, provided a scientific basis for the idea that progress was not to be stopped, determined by natural law. And almost everybody thought that the development would continue to be as slow as that in the 19th century.Inventions like the railroad or the telegraph or the typewriter enabled people to live their everyday lives a little more conveniently. No one could have guessed that new ideas would storm the world with a force and frequency at an amazing pace. This highspeed attack of new ideas and technologies seemed to make people believe in the old dreams of a perfect life on earth, of a safe world in which natural disasters would be controlled. But the fast progress was accompanied by something against mankind's will.Murders in Sarajevo (萨拉热窝)in 1914 led to the Great War, which did more than destroy a generation of Europeans. The Great War was most commonly called so until the beginning of World War when it was renamed World War I . Hitler rose to power in the 1930's. It was this very man who ordered the attack of Poland, only to meet with his failure when Great Britain and France made war on Germany. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. Americans decided to enter the war, and World War was now truly a world war.But civilization was not crushed ( 压碎) by the two great wars, and from the ruins people built a way of life again. The citizens of the 20th century felt free to reinvent themselves. In that task they were aided by two farreaching developmentsPsychoanalysis (精神分析)and the bomb.1. It can be inferred from the passage that at the beginning of the 20th century _.A. great changes occurred between the 19th century and the 20th centuryB. the world knew nothing about science, industry and moral philosophyC. mankind came to realize there was not a change in the 19th centuryD. Darwin, the builder of the theory of evolution, was in his forties答案及解析：1A。推理判断题。从文章第一段的开头两句话可知。2. Because of the inventions like the railroad, telegraph and typewriter, people could _.A. know that the progress was made only by scientistsB. enjoy their life more comfortably and convenientlyC. tell that a mankind killing was about to take placeD. make their dreams of a better life and a better world come true答案及解析：2B。事实细节题。从文章第二段的开头第一句