河南省郑州市八校2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期中联考试题含解析

河南省郑州市八校2018-2019学年高二英语下学期期中联考试题（含解析）第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5个小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A B C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. When will the football program begin?A. At 7:00. B. At 8:25. C. At 9:30.2. What did the woman get from her mother?A. A new CD.B. A new bike.C. A birthday card.3. What subject does the man have trouble with?A. Math.B. Science.C. C. English.4. What does the man usually do on the weekend?A. Go to the movies.B. Meet up with friends.C Read books at home.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Friends.B. Boss and employee.C. Salesman and customer.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或对白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6断材料，回答第6、7题。6. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Chinese tea culture.B. Famous places in China.C. Different kinds of tea in the world.7. How does black tea taste according to the woman?A. Sweet. B. Heavy. C. Light.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题8. Where were the mans shoes made?A. In France. B. In Spain. C. In Germany.9. What are the speakers doing now?A. Having lunch.B. Shopping at a mall.C Watching a fashion show.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What is the man famous for?A. Collecting coins.B. Starting a college.C. Teaching mathematics.11. What did the man begin to collect coins?A. When he was thirteen years old.B. When he got a special book from his uncle.C. When he picked some rare coins on the road.12. Where does the man usually get coins?A. From his friends.B. From small shops.C. From other collectors.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What does Mike look like?A. He has a beard.B. Hes tall and heavy.C. He has blue eyes and brown hair.14. Who is the person the man is describing?A. His mother.B. The womans motherC. Mikes mother.15. How does the woman feel about what happened in the game?A. Embarrassed. B. Bored. C. Sad.16. What is most important in the game the speakers are playing?A. A persons appearance.B. A persons character.C. A persons career.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. When did the speaker start taking music lessons?A. At age two. B. At age ten C. At age twenty.18. How often did the speakers practice as a child?A. Two hours a day.B. Three hours a day.C. Ten hours a day.19. Why did the speaker play in concerts?A. To travel to other cities.B. To get into a good college.C. To make his parents happy.20. What is the speakers attitude towards music now?A. He only does it for fun.B. He wants to be the best.C. He never plays it anymore.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）ATime for an adventure?Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure youd like.Activity holidaysOur activity holidays are for everyone, people who love danger or who just like sports. We have a huge variety of water, snow or desert holidays. Well take you SCBA diving in the Red Sea or kayaking and white water rafting in Canada. If you prefer snow, you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps or even igloo-building. For those who like warmer weather, we also have sandboarding (the desert version of skateboarding) or camel safaris(游猎).Polar expeditions(探险)Take an expedition to Antarctica or the northern Arctic; explore a Land of white natural beauty and wonderful wildlife. Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch the penguins in Antarctica or whales and polar in the Arctic. Theres no greater adventure than travelling to the ends of the earth. A once-in-a-lifetime experience.Cultural journeysOur cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilizations: India, Thailand, Egypt and many more. Visit temples, palaces and ancient ruins -just remember to bring your camera! Get to know local ways of life by exploring markets, trying exotic foods and meeting local people.Wildlife holidaysWe organize small - group tours to gel closer to nature in Africa, Asia or South America. Go on safari in Africa and watch lions and giraffes. Meet the famous turtles off the Galapagos Islands. Look for tigers in India, or take an elephant safari in Sri Lanka. We use local guides and stay in a range of accommodation, from tents to trees houses.1. Which would you prefer if you are a sports-lover?A. Wildlife holidays.B. Cultural journeys.C. Polar expeditions.D. Activity holidays.2. What can a tourist do during a cultural holiday?A. Appreciate ancient buildings.B. Watch lovely animals.C. Get closer to nature.D. Have extreme sports.3. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce ways of relaxation.B. To recommend different holidays.C. To share traveling experience.D. To give advice on traveling.【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B【解析】本文作者为读者推荐了几个不同的度假选择。【1题详解】细节理解题。由Activity holidays：Our activity holidays are for everyone, people who love danger or who just like sports.可知如果你一个体育爱好者，你可能更喜欢Activity holidays.选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。由Cultural journeys：Our cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilizations: India, Thailand, Egypt and many more. Visit temple, palaces and ancient ruins just remember to bring your camera!可知在cultural holiday中，游客可以欣赏古代建筑，选A。【3题详解】写作意图题。由Are you a hit bored with your nine - to - five routine? Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure youd like.可知作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐不同的度假，选C。BBarbara McCintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes(基因) and chromosomes (染色体).Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to Brooklyn area of new York City in 1908.Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics.Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a masters degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree.McCintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is a research center on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started in a temporary (临时的) job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent (永久的) position with the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.By the 1970s her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.4. When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree?A. In 1921.B. In 1923.C. In 1927.D. In 1925.5. During the great economic Depression in the US,_.A. young female scientists might have trouble finding a jobB. female geneticists were not wanted at allC. male geneticists were in great demandD. male scientists were out of job6. McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize because of_.A. her research in botanyB. her discoveries about genes and chromosomesC. her contribution to genetic engineeringD. her unshared work in the laboratory7. The text is likely to appear in_A. a philosophy textbookB. a history paperC. a brochureD. a biography【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D【解析】这是一篇人物传记类阅读。文章主要介绍了二十世纪最重要的科学家之一Barbara McCintock的生平以及成就。【4题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第四段She completed a masters degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree.（她于1925年获得硕士学位。两年后，她完成了博士学位的所有要求。）由此推断出，McClintock获得博士学位的时间是：1925+2=1927，故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第三段The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.（当时美国正处于经济大萧条时期。数百万美国人失业。男性科学家得到了工作。但女性遗传学家的需求并不大。）由此推断出，在美国经济大萧条时期，年轻的女科学家可能很难找到工作，故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes.（McClintock因发现基因改变染色体位置的能力，于1983年获得诺贝尔奖。）故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。通过阅读文章，可知这篇文章主要介绍了二十世纪最重要的科学家之一Barbara McCintock的生平以及成就，所以这篇文章最可能出现在传记中，故选D。CWhen John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”Vaillants study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Workingat any ageis important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competencethe underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.”8. What do we know about John?A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.B. He had few childhood playmates.C. He received little love from his family.D. He was envied by others in his childhood.9. Vaillants words in Paragraph 2 serve as _.A. a description of personal values and social valuesB. an analysis of how work was related to competenceC. an example for parents expectations of their childrenD. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men10. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A. Quick to react.B. Having a thin edge.C. Clear and definite.D. Sudden and rapid.11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Competent adults know more about love than work.B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.D. Independence is the key to ones success.【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究表明，那些小时候工作过的人比那些没有工作过的人生活得更快乐、更富有成效。【8题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第一段He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.（他对工作更满意，婚姻更美满，身体更健康。）由此可知，约翰喜欢他的事业和婚姻，故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第二段 “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”（ 发现这一现象的心理学家George Vaillant说:“在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的一员。”“因为他们对自己感觉良好，其他人也对他们感觉良好。”）由此推断出，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。【10题详解】词义猜测题。下文Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.说那些在童年时期参加活动最多的人，与各种各样的人保持亲密关系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是五倍，较不可能失业的可能性是16倍。由此可推断出上文The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.的意思是这些男性在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系惊人地明确。“sharp”的意思是明确的，故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competencethe underpinnings of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.（儿童活动有助于儿童发展责任、独立、自信和能力，这些是情感健康的基础。它们还帮助他理解，人们必须合作，为共同的目标而努力。最有能力的成年人是那些知道如何做到这一点的人。）由此推断出，情感健康对美好的成人生活至关重要，故选B。【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题2，答案定位在第二段 “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”（ 发现这一现象的心理学家George Vaillant说:“在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会中有价值的一员。”“因为他们对自己感觉良好，其他人也对他们感觉良好。”）由此推断出，Vaillant在第二段的话解释了为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人，故选D。DSince the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain­computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated(展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts.In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories：communication，and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.12. How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?A. By using his mind.B. By talking to the machine.C. By moving his hand.D. By controlling his muscles.13. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalpcomputercapwheelchairB. computercapscalpwheelchairC. scalpcapcomputerwheelchairD. capcomputerscalpwheelchair14. The team will test with real patients to A. make profits from themB. learn about their physical conditionC. make them live longerD. prove the technology useful to them15. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Switzerland, the BCI Research CenterB. New Findings about How the Human Brain WorksC. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了BCI技术可以帮助残疾人向机器发送命令，使残疾人享有更多的自由。【12题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.（在实验室里，Tavella只需要想一想动左手或右手就能操纵轮椅。）由此可知，Tavella在实验室里用他的头脑，操作轮椅，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。第五段的意思是研究人员为使用者设计了一种特殊的帽子。这个头套从头皮接收信号并将其发送到电脑。计算机解释信号并控制电动轮椅。轮椅上还有两个摄像头，可以识别行进路线上的物体。它们帮助计算机对大脑发出的指令做出反应。由此可知，第五段所述信号的路径是：头皮帽子计算机轮椅，故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.（一种是对真实的病人进行测试，以证明这是一项他们可以从中受益的技术。）故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。第一段Brain­computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.是全文主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了BCI技术可以帮助残疾人向机器发送命令，使残疾人享有更多的自由。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“BCI可能意味着残疾人享有更多的自由”，故选C。【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题3，答案定位在最后一段One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.（一种是对真实的病人进行测试，以证明这是一项他们可以从中受益的技术。）故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：Schedule yearly exams. _16_Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. _17_Give your eyes a break. Two thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. _18_Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away._19_As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. _20_ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.AEat your greens.BEye care should begin ear