外研版七年级下册英语-语法复习

语法知识点1. 词类：物主代词、情态动词can和方位介词短语2. 时态：一般将来时态和一般过去时态3. 句型：特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句下册重要知识点梳理词类1) 物主代词：表示所属关系的代词（属于谁的）人称单 数复 数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirTheirsherhersitsits形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词：必须和名词在一起。My father, your teacher. 物主代词 名词性物主代词:相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词+名词。 This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt. 练习 （1）选择题。 （ ）1. Look at          . A. him B. he C. his（ ）2. I drive          to the park every day.A. they B. their C. them（ ）3.          classroom is big. A. we B. us C. Our（ ）4. I love       . A. she B. her C. hers（ ）5. Do you know         ? A. I   B. my C. me（ ）6. I am         son. A. they B. their C. them（ ）7. This is not _ desk. My desk is over there.A. I   B. my C. me（ ）8. Can you spell _ name, Harry? Sorry.A. you   B. your C. yours（ ）9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _ room.A. they   B. them C. their（ ）10. We are in the same class. _ classroom is very nice.A. our   B. my C. ours（ ）11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. Im _ student.A. he B. his C. him（ ）12. Thats a cat. _ name is Mimi.A. It   B. Its C. Its（2）用括号里的代词的适当形式填空1, Mr Yang is _(we) teacher._(him) is from Beijing. _(his) teaches_(our) English.2, Look,there is a cat._(they) is Lily's._(it) name is Mimi.3, Let_(I) tell _(she) about_(he) life at school.4, This is _(they) room.Where is _(our)?5, Don't use the eraser._ is _(me).6, The lady under the tree is _(me) aunt._(her) often sings with _(she) husband2) 情态动词can 1.含义：表达人或物的能力，能或会2.特点：情态动词can没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。3.否定形式：cannot(正式用法)cant(口语)4.句型结构： 肯定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can swim well.否定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can not swim well.一般疑问句： 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ？ Can she / they swim well? Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they cant.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ? Why can she / they swim well? Who can swim well?练习：( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.A. must B. cant C. shouldn't( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should( )3) - you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant. A. Can B. Cant C. Should4.   I can run fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句)5.    He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句） _ he _ basketball well?3) 介词 overbehind/at the back of 在.后面 正上方 on on the right of. 在右边on the left of. 在左边 next to/near 在附近，紧挨着 in the front of 在里面的前面 under .在.正下方in front of.在.前面 between .and .在两者之间 Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间among 在三者或三者以上之间 Miss Li is among lots of students. 李老师在许多同学之间注意：介词短语常和be动词连用。时态1) 一般将来时时间状语：in+一段时间；tomorrow；in the future; next+时间；this+时间（表示将来时间的状语） be（is,am.are） going to 的用法。含义：计划，打算做某事将来时句型结构：一般将来时 be going to+动词原形 肯定句结构：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他.否定句结构：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：be动词提前 Be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语+be.否定回答：No，主语+be not.注意：表示计划到某地去，谓语动词go与going重复，一般只说be going to +地点.come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。Eg: I am going to London next year. She is going to check her email.Look! The bus is coming.由shall和will引导的一般将来时含义：将会特点：助动词shall和will没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。shall在一般将来时中，一般用于第一人称之后。例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我们将有一节英语课。否定形式：shall notshant will notwont将来时句型结构:肯定句：主语+shall/will+do否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do（will not 可缩写成wont）一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+ do特殊疑问句：疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do2) 一般过去时1 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2 标志性时间状语：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语连用。3 动词结构：V-ed动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式： 12lose(丢失) -lost make(制造) -made  mean(意思) -meant meet(见) -met  pay(付) -paid say(说) -said sell(卖) -sold  send(送)-sent   sit(坐) -sat sleep(睡) -slept  smell(嗅) -smelt spell(拼写) -spelt   spend(度过) -spent stand(站) -stood   teach(教) -taught  tell(告诉) -told      win(赢) -won think(想) -thought      understand(理解) -understood begin(开始) -began  blow(吹) -blew break(打破) -broke   choose(选择) -chose  do(做) -did    draw(画) -drew  drink(喝) -drank   drive(驾驶) -droveeat(吃) -ate   fall(落下) -fell fly(飞) -flew   forget(忘) -forgot give(给) -gave  go(去) -went    grow(成长) -grew know(知道) -knewlie(躺) -lay-lain  ring(按铃) -rang         write(写) -wrote  ride(骑) -rode see(看见)-saw  show(出示) -showed              wake(弄醒) -wokesing(唱) -sang  speak(讲话) -spoke  steal(偷) -stole                   wear(穿) -woreswim(泳) -swam  take(拿) -took   throw(扔) -threw  become(成为) -became  come(来) -came  run(跑) -ran 4. 句式变化规则：Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：（1）am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn't）（2）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren't）（3）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didn't +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.Jim didn't go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Jim went home yesterday.Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday?What did Jim do yesterday?练习：一、 填空1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping.4. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them.5. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.二、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Tom _ (visit) a farm last week.2. The twins _ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 3. I _ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday.4. My father _ (be) in London last year.5. What_ (do) you do three days ago?6. _ (be) there any parks here in 1950?7. What_(do) you do just now? I _ (wash) my clothes.三、 改写句子1. We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We _ all happy.2. I visit my grandparents every week. (用last week代替every week)   _3 There were some zebras in the zoo last year. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)  _四、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.2. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.6. What _ (do) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.7. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.8. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.9. I _ (plan) for my study now.句型1) 特殊疑问句。含义：以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。特殊疑问词总结： what 什么（职业，姓名等） what day 星期几 What day is it today? what size 多大尺码 What size are your shoes? what time =when 什么时间 what colour 什么颜色 what size 多大号 when 什么时候 （就时间提问）where 什么地方（就地点提问）who 谁（问人的身份，姓名等）which 哪一个why 为什么（就原因提问，常用because回答）how 怎么样 how many多少（提问可数名词数量）How many books do you have ? 多少（提问不可数名词数量）How much water is there in the glass? How much 多少钱（提问价格）How old 几岁（提问年龄）多长（提问长度）How long is this ruler? How long 这把尺子有多长？ 多长时间（时间持续多久）How long do you go to school ? 你去学校要多长时间？ How often 多久（提问频率既单位时间发生多少次） How soon （还要多久时间才能开始或结束）How soon will he come back ? How far （提问距离有多远） 他多久才能回来？ How heavy （提问有多重） 句型结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句 ？ Eg :Why do you like watching TV ?练习：就划线部分提问。 1He often has lunch in the factory    he often  lunch？ 2They will come back in a month   will they come back？ 3He hurt his leg last Sunday   he hurt his leg ？ 4I got up at six this morning    you  up this morning ？ 5They were drawing a horse when I came in   they  when I came in ？ 6I didn't go to school because I had a bad cold   you go to school？ 7You'd better take the No3 bus   bus  I better take？ 8He's feeling well   he feeling ？ 9The girl in a red coat is my sister   is your sister？ 10He comes to China once a year    he  to China？11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号部分提问)_?12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句 )_?13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号部分提问 )_?14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号部分提问 )_ _ can you dial to call the police15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句 )_ _ Ted _ in the desk?16. The students ( went camping ) last week. (对括号部分提问)_?17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (对括号部分提问)_ _ Diogenes _ _?18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (对括号部分提问)_ _ the way to _ _?2) 祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1. 肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。（2）Be + adj. Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！（3）Let's + 动词原形 Lets go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。2. 否定的祈使句：有be动词直接加not,没有加dont3) 感叹句由"what"引导的感叹句： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语 ！. What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！由"how"引导的感叹句： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语 ！. How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ 练习1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How        B. How an C. What         D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, how                B. What, whatC. How, what               D. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How      B. How an C. What       D. What an4) 选择疑问句选择疑问句是指提供两种或多种情况供对方选择的疑问句，选项之间要用连词or连接。注意：or连接的是两种同类的事物，且回答不能用yes或no。Are you a doctor or a teacher？ 你是医生还是教师？Im a teacher.Which would you like， tea or coffee？ 你想要哪样，是茶还是咖啡？Id like some tea.