江苏省永丰初级中学八年级英语下学期期末复习周末提高讲义无答案牛津版

周末提高讲义被动语态A熟记结构 被动语态的结构为“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为： 一般现在时：amisare及物动词的过去分词一般过去时：waswere及物动词的过去分词一般将来时：shall will be 及物动词的过去分词现在完成时：have has been 及物动词的过去分词现在进行时：amisarebeing及物动词的过去分词过去将来时：should would be 及物动词的过去分词含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词be及物动词的过去分词例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people    Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks  Dis spoken The boy _  to get supper ready after school    Awere told   Bis telling  Cwas told  Dtells A lot of new roads _  built in the west of China    Amust  Bmust be  Chas  Dhave B明确用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： 1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 2强调动作的承受者。例如： 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 The tree _  _  by that boy C熟练转换 1将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为： 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； 谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态； 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。 2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once    The broken pottery _  _  _  _  at once（同义句） Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）Where _vegetables _？（D注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况： 1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； 将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He told us a story（变被动语态）    We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态）  A new pen _  _  _ her by her mother 2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustn't _  from the library   Atake away Btaken away  Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态） The children will _  _  _  _  _ （by her）3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动语态） He _  _  _  swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt 5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如： Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态） By whom has the cup been broken？ E牢记（相关）句型 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有： 1be covered with被覆盖 2be made of由制作（发生物理变化）    be made from由制作（发生化学变化）    be made in由（某地）制造     be made by被（某人）制造 3be used for被用来     be used as被当作（作为）来使用    be used to do sth被用来做某事 4It is said that据说  It is hoped that希望    It is well known that众所周知例如： Your coat looks niceIs it _  cotton？  YesIt's _Shanghai  Amade of；made by   Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by  Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping    Bas keeping  Ckeep  Dto keeping 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。     _  _  _ that _  _ is being _  over the Changjiang River in Nanjing F.主动结构，被动意义1.Cotten feels soft.   棉花摸上去很柔软。2.The music sounds very beautiful .  音乐听起来非常优美。3.The bus stops .   公共汽车停了。4.My bike needs repairing .   这辆自行车需要修理。5.The book sells well .  这本书很畅销二、A：词形变换: Unit11. In the past, most of people here_(ride) bikes to work.2. Today, Tom_(have) a lot of work to do. He_ just _(have) his breakfast and he_(leave) for school.3. You neednt_(worry) too much about your son. He_(be) well soon.4. _you_(put) away my book? I cant find it anywhere.5. The Green family_(live) here for ten years. They_(come)here in 1998.6. Why not see the film with me? I_(see) the film. I_(see) it last week with my sister.7. What _you_(do) with those old books yesterday? I _(give) them to others.8. I _(watch) TV while Mary_(read) newspaper between 8:00 to 10:00 yesterday evening.9. My brother _(be) born in 1983. since then, he_(live) in this city.10. The TV play_(be) on for 2 hours.11. Be quick! The plane_(take) off in a short time.12. _ it _(rain) last night? Yes. It_(rain) everyday so far this week.13.Wheres Simon? He _(go) to the library already.He_(go) out 5 minutes ago.14. I _(not finish) _(read) the novel yet.15. How many times _you_(visit) Nanjing?16. Dont make much noise, the baby_(sleep).17. He is surprised_(hear) the_(surprise) news.18. Mary is one of the best_(woman teacher) in our school. 19. Dont worry. There is a little time _(leave).20. Help_(you) to some pies, my children.21. The boy is the_(nine) to make the speech.22. It is _(good) to teach a man to fish than to give him fish.23. Please take another way. This road _(mend).24. I cant draw as_ (better) as Mary does.25. Why not_(sand) an e-mail to her instead of_(write) a letter.B：词形变换:Unit21. These_(perform) clothes are colourful.2. The singer waved to these _(visit) while she_(dance) to the music.3. Mary is a _(care) girl. She seldom makes mistakes. But her brother always makes mistakes, he is a _(care) boy.4. We should be _(help) to those _(help) people.5. I was so tired that I felt the road to my home was_(end).6. He is _(thank) to you for your help.7. As students, we should do more _(mean) things, or our life will be_(meaning).8. We all hope to live in a _(noise) environment.9. _ Tom_( watch) TV at 10 the day before yesterday?10. I am sure that Mum_(know) what Dad_(like).11. The line of people_(be) endless.12. It seemed_(be) hopeless to try_(get) inside.13. Dont read in the sun. Its _(harm) to your eyes.14. He can play the piano_(beautiful).15. He is welcome, but Im_(welcome). I feel very sad.16. The film is one of the best films for children. Kate, youll_(sure)like it.17. When I _(arrive) home, my sister_(eat) fruit.18. What _(happen) in the next room at that moment?19. Spring is the best time for you_(visit) China.20. I _(go) to Qingdao if I _(have) enough money and time.21. She dances_(beauty) among these girls.22. My best friend_(join) the Army when he_(be) 20 and he_(be) in the Army for 3 years.23. He said he_(return) the book as soon as he_(finish) reading it.24.The thief_(see)_(enter) the room just now.25. Be quick, or you_(miss) the early bus.三、阅读理解 ATwo girls were sick in hospital. They were in the same room. One girl sat up on her bed for one and a half hours every afternoon. Her bed was next to the rooms only windows. The other girl had to spend all of her time lying on the bed. Every afternoon when the girl by the window sat up, she would describe to her roommate all the things she could see outside the window. “There is a lovely lake in the park. Ducks and swans are playing on the water while children are sailing their model boats. Young lovers are walking arm in arm around flowers of every color. Some old people are sitting on the benches and chatting happily”. As the girl described all these, the other lying on the bed would close her eyes and imagine the beautiful sence.Days and weeks passed, one morning, the girl by the window died. Then the other girl moved to the bed by the window. She took her first look at the real world outside. She tried her best to find the beautiful sence, but it was just a blank wall! The girl asked the nurse why her roommate described such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse told the girl her roommate was blind and could not even see the wall.（）1. In the real world, there was (were)_ outside the window. A. a park with a lovely lake B. just a blank wall C. many children D. many young lovers（）2. Which of the following is NOT true?A.There was a park lake outside the window. B. The other girl wasnt blind.C. The girl by the window died in the room. D. The girl by the window couldnt see anything.（）2. What do you think the girl by the window was like? A. Quiet and shy. B. Calm and serious. C. Outgoing and creative. D. Loving and optimistic(乐观的)BOne man thinks that working on the weekend can be dangerous. He is John Brown. Mr. Brown works in an office in New York.On Saturday, May 24, 1986, he went to the office to do some work. When he got in the elevator to go home, it stopped between floors. Mr. Brown could not get out of the elevator. He was trapped! He started to shout, but nobody heard him. Then Mr. Brown remembered that it was a holiday in America. Nobody was going to come to work until Tuesday! There was nothing for Mr. Brown to do. He had to wait until one of his workmates came to work and found him. With nothing to eat or drink, Mr. Brown ended up sleeping for most of the time.Early on Tuesday morning, the president of the company came into work and found the elevator was not working. When the elevator was opened, Mr. Brown came out cold, weak, and tired. He had been in the elevator for sixty-two hours!Now Mr. Brown says,"I only use elevators if they have telephones in them. "（）1. How long was he in the elevator?A. From Saturday to Monday. B. From Tuesday to Saturday.C. More than three days. D. More than two days.（）2. Why did Mr. Brown spend so long in the elevator? Which of the following is NOT a reason?A. It was a three-day holiday. B. He had no food or drink.C. The elevator stopped between two floors. D. There was no telephone in the elevator.（）3. How was Mr. Brown able to get out of the elevator?A. The president discovered the elevator wasn't working. B. The elevator started to work soon again.C. His coworker who worked on the weekend helped him out.D. His coworkers found him when they came back to work on Monday.（）4. What is the best title (题目 ) for this story?A. A Busy Weekend B. An Interesting Elevator C. Trapped in an Elevator D. Elevator SafetyCTaking away a city's rubbish is a big job. Every day trucks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can't eat or use. If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be built there, and then you'd never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything but the metal. Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus(腐殖质), which looks like black earth. It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help them grow.（）1. You can most probably read the passage in_.A. a science book B. a TV guide C. a history book D. a telephone book（）2. The main idea of the passage is_.A. to let us know taking away rubbish is a big job B. to explain the need for rubbish collectionC. to introduce different ways to treat rubbish D. to tell people to take useful things out of rubbish（）3. The underlined word "sewage" in the passage means_.A. 排污 B. 染色 C. 洗涤 D. 吸尘（）4. According to the passage, the food parts of rubbish can be used again_.A. to feed animals B. to feed plantsC. to build a house D. to make machines（）5. How should we take care of a used metal box according to the passage? A. By burning it off. B. By putting it in water.C. By throwing it away. D. By reusing and recycling it.四、完型It seems that not all people like to work, but everyone likes to play. All over the world, men and women, boys and girls like 1 . Since the days of long ago, adults and children have called their friends together to spend 2 ,even days playing games. Sports help people to live 3 . They help to keep people healthy and feeling good. When they are playing games, people _4 a lot. This is good for their health. Have fun with their friends makes them 5 .Many people enjoy sports by watching others 6 . In small towns, crowds meet to watch the bicycle races or the soccer games. In big cities, thousands of people _7 to see an ice skating show or a baseball game.What are your favourite sports? Is the weather _8 where you live? Then swimming is probably one of your sports. Boys and girls in China love to 9 . There are wonderful beaches and there are beautiful rivers and _10 across the country. The weather is also good for swimming.（）1. A. music B. movies C. sports D. work （）2. A. hours B. weeks C. months D. years （）3. A. alone B. busily C. lonely D. happily（）4. A. move B. think C. speak D. spend （）5. A. to feel angry B. feel happy C. to feel pleasant D. felt surprised（）6. A. walk B. jump C. run D. play （）7. A. buy tickets B. take turns C. read newspapers D. go sightseeing（）8. A. cool B. clod C. hot D. wet （）9. A. skate B. ski C. race D. swim（）10. A. mountains B. lakes C. cities D. gardens五、改错此题要求改正所给短文中的错误，对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，则在该行右边横线上画一个勾 （ ）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉，并在该行右边横线上写出该词，且也用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（ ），并在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线（ _ ），并在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。ADear Li Hua, I heard from you yesterday. I learn that you feel 1._very nervous after the exams. And I also know you 2._are under too many pressure these days. Now let me 3._give you some advices. First, you need to sleep for at least 4._eight hours everyday. If you dont have enough sleep, 5._you feel very tired. Second, you should do some 6._exercise such as run and playing basketball. 7._Third, its very good for you to listen to the music, watch TV. 8._or surf the Internet after a long time study. In a word, 9._you should learn to relax you. 10._Wish you good luck on your exams!Yours,Mr LiuBThank you very much of the English stamps you 1_sent me last time. How beautifully they are! I like them 2_very much. Im very fond of collecting stamps. I begin 3._to collect stamps at eight. So I have got nearly ten 4._thousand Chinese stamps or over four hundred foreign 5._stamps in all. In my opinions, collecting stamps is 6._an excellent hobby. I enjoy the beautiful colors and 7._designs of the stamps, from which I learns a lot. Im glad 8._to hearing you also like stamp-collecting. Shall we exchange 9._your stamps? Im looking forward to your early reply. 10._ COur school are a beautiful garden school. When you 1 enter the school gate, you will see a wide road lead to 2 the Lab Building where students do his experiments and 3 have their English class. On the left side of the road is the 4 Library; on the right is the Big Garden has all kinds of 5 flowers. To the west of the Lab Building stand the Office 6 Building. After the Lab Building is the Teaching 7 Building, which have 32 classes. Our big playground is 8 to the east of this buildings with lots of trees around it. 9 Welcome for our beautiful school.10 DDear Ace Travel,My family and I want to take a trip this summer at somewhere 1._in eastern China. I hope you can provide me for some information 2._about the kinds of vacations that you firm can offer. We would like 3._to travel to a exciting place and it has to be a place where we can 4._do lots of outdoor activities;We especial love hiking and swimming, 5._but any kind of outdoor activity are fine.We also need to stay in an 6._inexpensive hotel or apartments.It would be nice if we could get a room 7._with a kitchen to save money by cook our own meals. The room 8._needs to be enough big for three people. Could you please give me 9._some suggestions for vacation sports? Wed like to leave for about 10._three weeks. S.T.Zhang六、缺词填空根据短文内容和所给首字母，在空格处填入一个适当的词，使短文意思完整。 Why does the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy lean? It leans because of a mistake. It has leaned almost since the day the tower was b_(1). In 1774, the people of Pisa in Italy wanted to build a bell tower. They wanted the tower to be the m_(2) beautiful bell tower in Italy. The city a_(3) needed a bell tower because the church did not have o_(4). As soon as the first floor of the building was finished, the tower started to lean. Builders t_ (5)to make the building straight again as they added more floors, but the leaning tower got w_(6) as the tower grew. It took about 180 years to finish the tower. Today, the leaning tower has eight f_(7). It is 54.5 meters t_(8). And it leans almost 4 meters to one s_(9). The tower is also sinking(下沉) into the g_(10) on which it was built. Every year, the tower leans another 1.7 cm.1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._七、书面表达1. 顺便问一下，你去过国外几次了？_, how many times _?2. 我很激动以至于不停地鼓掌。I _that I _.3. “八小时环游世界”的教育光盘刚刚发行。_called Around the world in eight hours _.4. 请在书被卖光前尽快来买。Please buy it _.5. 我发现在网上搜寻信息又快又简单。I found _.6. 政府应当采取更多的措施来降低污染。More actions _.