高考英语一轮复习Unit 3-5（讲）（含解析）新人教版选修6

Unit 3-5单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1.banvt.& n 禁止；取缔；禁令；谴责2quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开3effect n. 结果；效力4desperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的5stress n. 压力；重音 vt. 加压力于；使紧张stressful adj. 产生压力的；紧张的stressed adj. 焦虑不安的6addicted adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的addiction n. 沉溺；嗜好addictive adj. 使人上瘾的7accustom vt. 使习惯于accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的8withdrawal n. 收回；撤退；戒毒withdraw vt. 拿走；撤退；(从银行)取钱9disappointed/disappointing adj. 失望的；沮丧的disappoint vt. 使失望；使扫兴disappointment n. 失望；沮丧10ashamed adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的shame n. 羞愧shameful adj. 可耻的11range n. 种类；范围12glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥13average adj. 平均的14advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张15circumstance n. 环境；情况16tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理tendency n. 倾向；趋势17oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量opposed adj. 反对的；对立的18state vt. 陈述；说明statement n. 说明；说法；表白19existence n. 生存；存在exist vi. 存在20contribution n. 贡献contribute v. 贡献；撰稿21alongside adv. 在旁边；沿着边 prep. 在旁边；沿着的边22potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能adj. 可能的；潜在的23diverse adj. 多种多样的；不同的24guarantee vt. 保证；担保25appoint vt. 任命；委派appointment n. 约定；任命26evaluate vt. 评估；评价；估计evaluation n. 评估27suit n. 一套外衣；套装 vt. 适合；使适宜suitable adj. 合适的28anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的anxiously adv. 不安地anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望29panic vi.& vt. 惊慌 n. 惊慌；恐慌panicked(过去式/过去分词)30appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；感谢appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激重点短语1addicted to对有瘾2accustomed to 习惯于3feel like (doing) 想要(做)4in spite of 不顾；不管5get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)6come about 发生；造成7put up with 忍受；容忍8subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购9quantities of 大量的10on behalf_of 代表一方；作为的代言人11compare with 与相比12make ones way 前往13refer to 查阅；参考；指的是14glance through 匆匆看一遍15vary from.to. 由到不等经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1do/does/did动词原形I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。2so情态动词/be动词/助动词主语It is not easy to stop smoking，but millions have managed to quit and so can you戒烟不容易，但几百万人都成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。3There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。4so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not，turn it off!只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！5it is/was said that.据说It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。必备语法（高级句型）非谓语动词（2）晨读范文背诵【鄂豫晋冀陕2016届高三五省联考】假如你是李华，上周日你参加了你的好友交换生Tom的生日晚会，奢侈的场面让你非常惊讶。请你针对此现象写一封信给他，谈谈你的看法，内容包括：1.过 于 铺 张，浪 费 严 重； 2.喧 闹 太 久，干 扰 他 人； 3.生日晚会的真正意义。 注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当发挥，使得上下文连贯; 3.开头已写好，不计入总数。 参考词汇：奢侈的luxurious 铺张的extravagant Dear Tom，Im glad to have attended your birthday party last Sunday._YoursLi Hua【答案】One possible version：Dear Tom，Im glad to have attended your birthday party last Sunday. It was a big party indeed. But I have to say it was the most luxurious birthday party Id ever attended.For us teenagers there is no need to be that extravagant because we mainly get living expenses from our parents. And it is shameful to waste much of the food. Whats more，the party with loud noise went on late into the night，which bothered the neighborhood.To my mind，the meaning of the birthday party lies in sharing the pleasure of our growth with our friends. Its great fun to get together，for the feelings instead of for the expensive food and splendid decorations.Yours Li Hua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1stress n重压，逼迫，压力；重音；重点 vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读【教材原句】She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花了多年时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。【例句研读】（1）Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress.第三，钓鱼是一种放松心情和有趣的活动，因此能减缓压力。（2）The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。【归纳拓展】stressful adj. 紧张的，压力重的stressed adj. 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的a stressful job/situation/lifestyle繁重的工作/艰难的处境/紧张的生活方式stress that./sth. 强调in the stress of the moment 一时紧张time of stress 危难之际，非常时期lay/place/put stress on. 把重点放在上under the stress of. 为所迫【即时巩固】(1)_ and rhythm are important in speaking English.说英语时重音和节奏都很重要。(2)We must _ _ _ self-reliance.我们必须强调自力更生。(3)The English curriculum should _ both composition and reading.英语课程对写作和阅读应同样重视。(4)Worrying over his job and his wifes health _ him _ _ _ _.忧虑自己的工作及妻子的健康问题使他处于极大的压力之下。考点2ban vt.禁止；取缔 n禁令；谴责【教材原句】In what ways is smoking harmful？Do you think smoking should be banned？吸烟在哪些方面是有害的？你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？【例句研读】(1) Charlies been banned from driving for a year.查理被禁止驾车一年。(2) There is a ban on smoking in petrol stations.加油站禁止吸烟。【归纳拓展】ban.from sth./doing sth.禁止做某事a ban on.关于的禁令【即时巩固】根据句意完成句子(1) Do you think smoking _ in the area?你认为这里应该禁止吸烟吗？(2) People _in many public places in England.在英国，许多公共场所禁止人们吸烟。【答案】(1) should be banned (2) are banned from smoking考点3effect n结果；效力【教材原句】When I was young，I didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking.年轻时，我不太了解吸烟的危害性。【例句研读】(1) However，the accident had an unexpected side effect.然而，这次事故产生了让人始料未及的副作用。(2) They decided to put/bring the plan into effect as soon as possible.他们决定尽快实施这项计划。【归纳拓展】effective adj.有效的；醒目的have an effect on影响put/bring sth. into effect实施，实行，使生效come into effect/take effect(法律、规则或制度)生效；实施in effect实际上side effect副作用【即时巩固】(1)Inflation is _ _ _ _ _ the economy.通货膨胀正在给经济带来灾难性的影响。(2)It wont be easy to _ the changes _ _.把这些变化落到实处不是件容易的事。(3)The new tax rates _ _ _ from April.新的税率从四月起生效。【答案】(1)having a disastrous effect on(2)put into effect(3)come into effect考点4tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理【教材原句】It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。【例句研读】(1) What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by email.更为糟糕的是，有些人甚至常常通过电子邮件发送匿名的粗鲁的信息。(2) Mens clothes tend to button from the right，and womens from the left.男士服装倾向于向右扣纽扣，而女士服装向左。【归纳拓展】tendency n倾向；趋势tend to do sth.往往容易干某事tend towards/to倾向于；趋于tend sb./sth.照顾，护理某人/某物【即时巩固】(1)The sort of music he listens to varies, but _ _ popular music.他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。(2)She _ _ get angry when people oppose to her plan.别人反对她的计划时，她很容易生气。(3)The nurse skillfully _ their wounds.那位护士熟练地为他们包扎伤口。【答案】(1)tends towards(2)tends to (3)tended 考点5opposed adj.反对的；对立的；(意见，看法等)截然不同【例句研读】(1) I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.我一贯反对定时给婴儿喂食。(2) Congress is continuing to oppose the presidents healthcare budget.国会继续反对总统的医疗保健预算。【归纳拓展】opposed adj.相反的；对立的oppose sth./doing sth./sb. doing sth.反对某事/做某事/某人做某事oppose sth. to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗be opposed to.反对；与对立【即时巩固】(1)He _ the proposal to build a new hall.他反对修建新礼堂的建议。(2)Do not _ your will _ mine.不要用你的意愿和我的相抗衡。(3)She seems very much _ _ your going abroad.她好像很反对你出国。考点6range n种类；范围 vi.(范围)涉及，扩展；分布；在某范围内变化 vt.排列；把分类【教材原句】it will encourage a greater range of animalsall of which will make life for human beings better.还会促进动物的生长所有这一切都能改善人类的生活。【例句研读】(1) He has a wide range of interest，ranging from chess to canoeing.他兴趣广泛，从国际象棋到皮划艇。(2) The child is now out of her range of vision.这个孩子现在走出了她的视线。(3) Their ages range from 25 to 50.他们的年龄从25到50不等。【归纳拓展】a wide range of 一系列a full range of 各种in/within range 在射程以内，在范围内beyond/out of range 在射程外，在范围外in/out of the range of 在/超出范围【即时巩固】(1)The child was now _ _ _ _ of vision.这孩子现在走出了她的视线。(2)There is _ _ _ _ activities for children.有给孩子们提供的各种活动。(3)Estimates of the damage _ _ $1 million _ $5 million. 估计损失在100万到500万美元之间。(4)She has had a number of different jobs, _ _ chef _ swimming instructor.她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。【答案】(1)out of her range(2)a full range of(3)range between and(4)ranging from to考点7average adj.平均的；普通的；平常的 n平均数；平均水平，一般水准 v平均为；计算出的平均数【教材原句】The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15.温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15。【例句研读】(1) On(the/an)average，men still earn more than women.平均看来，男性仍比女性挣得多。(2) Toms work at school is above(the)average，while Harrys is below_average汤姆在学校的功课在平均水平以上，而哈利的功课在平均水平以下。【归纳拓展】the average of. 的平均数above/below (the) average 在一般水准以上/下on (the/an) average 按平均数计算up to (the) average 达到水准average out. 算出的平均数be of average height/intelligence 中等个子/智力【即时巩固】(1)Parents spend _ _ _ $200 a year on toys for their children.父母给孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为200美元。(2)Economic growth is expected to _ 2% next year.明年经济增长预计平均可达2%。(3)_ earnings are around 20000.平均收入约为2万英镑【答案】(1)an average of(2)average(3)Average考点8circumstance n环境；情况circumstance意为“环境，情况”时，多用可数形式。【教材原句】It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。【例句研读】(1) The rules can only be waived in exceptional circumstances.这些规定只有在特殊情况下才能破例。(2) In/Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。【即时巩固】In/Under no circumstances_ allow her to marry such a selfish man.无论如何她的父母都不会让她跟这样自私的人结婚。考点9appoint vt.任命；委派；约定；指定(时间、地点等)【教材原句】I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.二十年前我被任命为火山学家，在夏威夷火山观测站工作。【例句研读】(1) I have the pleasure of announcing the news that she has been appointed as the new Sales Manager at Head Office.我很高兴地宣布这个消息，她已被任命为总公司新的销售经理。(2) We appointed the place and time for the next meeting.我们决定了下次集合的地点与时间。【归纳拓展】appointment n任命；约会appoint sb. to职位 任命某人担任某职位appoint sb. as.任命某人为appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事appoint a time/place for为约定时间/地点make an appointment约会；约定keep/break an appointment守(失)约【即时巩固】(1)The president _ a new director.总经理任命了一位新主任。(2)We _ him (_/_ _) chairman.我们选他担任主席。(3)The teacher _ me _ _ the roll.老师指派我点名。(4)The time _ _ the meeting was 10：30.规定的开会时间是10点30分。(5)Ive _ _ _ _ _ a client and may not come back for supper.我和一个客户约了晚上见面，可能不会回来吃晚饭了。【答案】(1)appointed(2)appointed as/ to be(3)appointed to call (4)appointed for (5)made an evening appointment with考点10suit n一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜【教材原句】We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves.我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。【例句研读】(1) A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.一位优秀的老师应使他讲的课适合学生的年龄。(2) So，when it finds a suitable nest，it looks for someone to help it.因此当它发现合适的蜂巢，它就会寻找帮助。【归纳拓展】suit sth. to sth.使某物适合于另一事物be suited for/to.适合be suitable for sb./sth.适合于某人/某物be suitable to do sth.适合做某事【易混辨析】suit/match/fitsuit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、时间等。match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。fit多指大小、形状合适，引申为“吻合，协调”。1.The shoes dont fit me.Will you change another larger pair for me？这双鞋不适合我穿。你能给我换一双大一点的吗？2.The curtain and the paint dont quite match窗帘和油漆不太相配。3.Will it suit you if I come around at 5：00 this afternoon?我今天下午五点左右过来，你觉得方便吗？【即时巩固】(1)Would it _ you to come at five?你五点钟来行吗？(2)If you want to go by bus, that _ me _.如果你想坐公共汽车，那对我很方便。(3)_ the punishment _ the crime, I say.喂，要按罪量刑。(4)He and his wife _ _ _ _ each other.他和妻子十分般配。(5)The house _ not really _ _ a large family.这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。考点11anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；急切的；渴望的【教材原句】I was so anxious and couldnt move at first.我非常担心，一开始吓得动弹不得。【例句研读】(1) He was a bit anxious about the safety of the machinery.他有点担心机器的安全。(2) She was anxious to finish school and get a job.她渴望毕业找份工作。【归纳拓展】anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望be anxious about 为某事忧虑、担心be anxious for 渴望某事be anxious to do 渴望，急于be anxious (for sb.) to do. 渴望(某人)做be anxious that 渴望【即时巩固】(1)Helen _ _ _ travelling on her own.海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。(2)Peggy _ _ _ _ that she can cope with extra responsibility.佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的职责。(3)Mary has _ _ _ your return.玛丽急切地盼你回来。【答案】(1)is anxious about(2)is anxious to show(3) been anxious for考点12panic(panicked，panicked；panicking) vi.& vt.(使人或动物)受惊；惊慌 n惊慌；恐慌【教材原句】)I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。【例句研读】(1) He started to panic when he saw the gun.他看见枪就慌了起来。(2) She really panicked/got into a panic when she thought shed lost her necklace.想到自己把项链丢了，她惊慌失措。【归纳拓展】be in (a) panic 在惊慌中be seized with a panic 惊慌失措a moment of panic 一时惊慌cause a panic 引起恐慌in a state of panic 惊恐之状panic over sth. 对某事感到惊慌panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人仓促行动【即时巩固】(1)The crowd ran out _ _ _.群众惊慌失措地跑出去。(2)She _ _ _ _ when her teacher walked towards her.当她见到老师向她走来时，她变得惊慌失措。(3)The idea might _ the investors.这个想法可能会使投资者惶恐不安。【答案】(1)in a panic(2)got into a panic(3)panic考点13guarantee vt.保证；担保 n保证；保证书；保修单【例句研读】(1) Consistent, hard work wont guarantee you the level of success you may want.坚持如一，勤奋并不确保你达到你想要的成功水平(2) Going out with friends is guaranteed to cheer you up.和朋友一起出去玩肯定会让你高兴起来。【归纳拓展】guarantee sb. against/from. 保证某人免受损害、危险等guarantee to do sth. 保证去做某事guarantee sth. to sb. 向某人担保/保证某事be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事give sb. a guarantee that. 向某人担保(be) under guarantee 在保修期内【即时巩固】(1)We cant _ the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.我们不能保证火车在雾天准时到达。(2)We _ _ _ within a week.我们保证一周内送到。(3)I _ _ Ill pay off the debt.我保证我会还清债务。(4)The watch comes _ _ _ _.这表保修一年。(5)Wealth is _ _ _ happiness.财富并不是幸福的保证。【答案】(1)guarantee(2)guarantee to deliver(3) guarantee that (4)with a years guarantee(5)no guarantee of重点短语精讲考点1become accustomed to习惯于【教材原句】This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。【例句研读】(1) Were accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things.我们习惯了在口袋里有一样东西可做所有这样的事情。(2) When did you get accustomed to going to bed at 12 oclock？你什么时候习惯于十二点去睡觉的？【归纳拓展】(1)be accustomed to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表状态)get/become accustomed to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表不延续的动作)(2)accustom vt.使习惯于accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事【即时巩固】It took a while for me to _all the new rules and regulations.我花了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有新的规章制度。考点2in spite of不顾，不管；尽管，虽然【教材原句】In spite of all his efforts he failed.He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.尽管他很努力还是失败了，他伤心地想哭。【例句研读】In spite of his great wealth，Getty was a miser.虽然Getty非常富有，却是一个吝啬的人。【归纳拓展】(1)in spite ofn.despite (prep.)n.尽管(2)in spite of the fact that.(同位语从句)(al)though从句尽管【即时巩固】(1) We went out_ the rain.尽管天下雨，我们还是出去了。(2)_ doctors have warned that smoking does harm to health，people still keep on smoking.尽管医生已经警告说吸烟有害健康，人们还是继续吸烟。【答案】(1) in spite of/despite (2) In spite of/Despite the fact that 考点3on behalf of代表一方；作为的代言人【例句研读】She asked the doctor to speak to her parents on her behalf.她请医生代她同她父母谈谈。【归纳拓展】on ones behalfon behalf of sb.in behalf of sb.代表某人；因为某人represent sb./sth.代表某人/物【即时巩固】(1) The president cant be here today，so Im going to speak_总裁今天不能到场，我将代表他发言。(2) For the boy，his father _power.对于那男孩来说，他的父亲代表力量。考点4. make ones way前往；获得成功【例句研读】（1）And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster.如果当你经历一段困难的时光时你能保持积极的心态，你就会更快地让自己感觉好起来。（2）She gradually fought her way to the top of the company.她努力奋斗，逐渐进入公司高层。【归纳拓展】feel ones way 摸索着前行fight/push ones way 推挤着前行wind ones way 蜿蜒向前force ones way out 挤出去；冲出去push ones way in 挤进去lose ones way 迷路inch ones way 缓慢前进pick ones way 谨慎前进find ones way 找到出路weave ones way 穿梭前进【即时巩固】(1)We _ _ _ down the hill towards the town.我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。(2)Gradually, Henderson began to _ _ _ in politics.亨德森逐渐在政界有所建树。(3)We _ _ _ in the forest. 我们在森林里迷了路。【答案】(1)made our way(2)make his way(3)lost our way考点5. vary from.to.由到不等【例句研读】（1）The heights of the plants vary from 8 cm to 20 cm.这些植物的高度从8厘米到20厘米不等。（2）People vary very much in their ideas.人们在观念方面大不相同。【归纳拓展】vary in 在某方面不同vary from 不同于vary with 随变化vary ones life 使生活丰富多彩a variety of 不同种类的vary between.and.从到【即时巩固】(1)People vary very much _ their ideas.人们在观念方面大不相同。(2)They never vary _ the law of nature.他们从不违反自然规律。(3)The color of the leaves varies _ weather.叶子的颜色随着天气而变化。(4)These apples vary _ size _ small _ medium.这些苹果由小到中等大小不等。【答案】(1)in(2)from(3)with(4)in/ from /to经典句型剖析考点1 “do/does/did动词原形”表示强调，意为“确实，的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气【教材原句】I do_hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。【句法分析】该句中“I do hope so”为一种特殊形式的强调。“do/does/did动词原形”表示强调，意为“确实，的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但必须符合以下条件：(1)句子是肯定句(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时【例句研读】Do come early tomorrow morning.明天早晨一定要早来。【即时巩固】(1) The manager _ highly of your suggestion.经理确实很看重你的建议。(2)_the monitor about the exact result of the test.我的确告诉过班长测验的确切结果。【答案】(1) does think (2) I did tell 考点2 as/so long as 可以引导条件状语从句【教材原句】It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it.在使用电器设备时你可以把它一直开着，如果不用把它关掉！【句法分析】as/so long as 可以引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”，这一用法可以用on condition that替换。应该注意的是，as long as还可以表示原级比较，意为“和一样长”。【拓展归纳】as far as至于，直到，远到；就而言as many as多达(与可数名词复数连用)as much as多达(与不可数名词连用)as well as既又；除之外(也)；此外as good as几乎，实际上；无异；不亚于【例句研读】（1）As long as you can come back before 10 oclock，you can go out.只要你在10点钟之前回来，你可以外出。（2）The newlybuilt bridge is as long as the old one.新建成的这座桥和那座旧桥一样长。【即时巩固】Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.Aas if Bas long asCnow that Din order that【解析】as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。【答案】B考点3 It is said that. “据说”【教材原句】It_is_said_that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。【句法分析】It is said that.意为“据说”，it为形式主语，指代that引导的从句。该结构还可以改变成sb. is said to do.结构。使用时注意不定式的一般式、进行式或完成式在结构上的变化。【例句研读】(1) It is said that that strange old man is a great artist.That strange old man is said to be a great artist.据说那个怪老头是一位艺术大师。(2) Its said that he has gone abroad.He is said to have gone abroad.据说他出国了。【即时巩固】(1)_ John will help us with some money.John_ us with some money.大家都相信约翰会给我们一些金钱上的帮助。(2)_ it wont rain on our camping day.大家都希望宿营那天别下雨。【答案】(1) It is believed that / is believed to help (2) It is hoped that