现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案)

. .现在完成时讲解和练习1. 现在完成时的构成: havehas+过去分词 (过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work?回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt.否定句 He has not finished the work. 特殊疑问句 What has he done? 3.现在完成时的用法:A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：  The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）  Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.  我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。  How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 4. 在以下情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语8 / 8already已经 肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas?never从不句中 e.g.：I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 e.g.：I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 e.g.：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 e.g.：How long have you lived here?how many times多少次e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing?(2)两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.(3)三词组1.have<has>gone to去了某地 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了)2.have<has>been to去过某地 表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去过)3.have<has>been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long e.g.:Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days.  布朗先生来已经有三天了 4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5.现在完成时态还常常用于以下句型They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6.在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用 e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的方法有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）7.还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种方法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach be here e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：leave - be away       borrow - keep      buy - have    die - be dead      begin/start - be on      finish - be over      fall ill -be ill get up-be up      catch a cold - have a cold     put on- wear  come/become/go - be here      fall asleep - be asleep  get to/ arrive/reach - be (in)         get to know - know   join-be a member of .  (成为的一员)     open -be open close -be close break be broken get up be upmarry be married become be lose be lost 8.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别  1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯表达过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。） I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的容已经知道了。） 2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/. In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday,  yesterday . Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前) 一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at2. have come/gone back/returned _3. have come/gone out _4. have become _5.haveclosed / opened_6. have got up _ ；7. have died _；8. have left sw. _9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep _ ；10. have finished/ended/completed _；11. have married _；二、用正确的时间表达词汇填空Have you done your homework _? (for, just, yet)I have _ been to Guangdong. (for, never, yet)rHe has worked there _ he left school. (already, yet. Since, for)She has known Sam _ 9 years. (already, yet. Since, for)Have you _ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)三、用for或since填空1.My family has owned a ship _ 1920.2.My family has owned a ship _ many years.3.I have had a cold _ last Monday. 4.I have had a cold _ 5 days ago. 5.I have had a cold _ 5 days.四、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.- Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 2. Mary _ already _ (have) her supper. 3. I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents. We _ (see) it last Sunday. 4. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_. -When _ he _ it? - Yesterday. 5. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 6. They _already_(do) their homework. But they dont know what_ (do)next. 7. -_ you _ (see) the film last night?-No, I _ (see) it for several times. 8. She _ (be) ill for three days. 9. My father _ (buy) a book for me yesterday. He_ already _(pay) fifty yuan for it.10. She_ (not read) this book before. 11. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 12. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet?-Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 13. -How long _you _(learn) English?-For more than two years. 14. They _ (live) in China since they _ (move) to China.15. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.16. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.17. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.18. They _ (not arrive) yet.19. When I was in primary school, my mother _ (drive) me to school everyday.20. He _ (live) here since he _ (move) to Hankou.五、 单项选择 1、Both  his  parents  look  sad . Maybe  they  _what's  happened  to  him.    A.  knew    B.  have known    C.  must know     D.will know2、He  has  _ been  to  Shanghai， has  he ？    A.  already    B.never    C.ever     D. still3、Have  you  met  Mr  Li _？   A.  just    B.  ago        C.before       D.  a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.   A. is  writing    B.was  writing        C.wrote       D.has  written5、Our country  _ a lot so far.Yes. I hope it will be even _.   A. has  changed ； well      B.  changed ； good   C. has  changed ； better     D.  changed ； better6、Zhao Lan _already  _in this school for two years.   A. was ； studying        B. will ； study   C. has ； studied          D. are ； studying7、We _ Xiao  Li  since  she  was  a  little  girl.   A. know      B.  had  known      C. have  known      D.  knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice.   A.  will  see     B.  have  seen        C.  saw            D.see9、These  farmers  have  been  to  the  United  States. Really ？ When _  there ？   A. will  they  go        B.  did  they  go C.  do  they  go        D.  have  they  gone10、_ you _ your  homework  yet？Yes . I _  it  a  moment  ago.   A.  Did； do； finished        B.  Have； done； finished    C.  Have； done； have  finished          D.  will； do； finish11、 His  father  _ the  Party  since  1978.   A.  joined    B.  has joined     C.  was in     D.  has  been  in12、Do you know him well ？  Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.   A.  were    B. have been       C. have become      D. have made13、How long have you  _ here？About two months.   A.  been     B.  gone           C.  come          D.  arrived14、Hurry  up！ The  play _ for  ten  minutes.   A.  has  begun          B.  had  begunC.  has  been  on        D.  began15、 It  _ ten  years  since  he  left  the  army.   A.  is          B.  has            C.  will           D.  was16、 Miss  Green  isn't  in  the  office . she_  to  the  library.   A.has  gone     B. went        C.will  go          D.  has  been17、My  parents _  Shandong  for  ten  years.    A.  have  been  in        B. have  been  to   C.  have  gone  to         D. have  been18、The students have cleaned the classroom，_？   A. so they      B. dont they     C. have they     D. havent they19、_has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to China？   A. How soon， comes           B. How often， got   C. How long， came       D. How far， arrived20、 His uncle _ for more than 9 years.   A. has come here         B. has started to work   C. has lived there      D. has left the university六、 句型转换。    1、Hes never been late， _ _？（改成反意疑问句）    2、They have been here since 2000.  （对划线部分提问）    _ _have they been here？    3、The old man _ last year. He _ _for a year. （die）（动词填空）     4、Miss Gao left an hour ago.  （同义句转换）    Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.   5、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）   Her  mother _ the  Party  three  years  _ .   6、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.  =_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.   7、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （把两个句子合并成一个句子）    _  七、汉译英。    1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。_    2、他昨天收到一封信。_    3、我父亲以前到过长城。_    4、她还没有看过那部新电影。_    5、她去过。_    6、他这些天上哪儿去了？_参考答案： 一、1. have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have been back3. have been out4. have been5. have been closed/open6. have been up7. have been dead8. have been away from sw.9. have been asleep10. have been over11. have been married二、1. yet2. never3. since4. for5. ever三、1. since2. for3. Since4. Since5. For四、1. Have seen, Did see2. Has had3. Dont want, have seen, saw4. Has mended, has. did mend5. Have read6. Have done ,to do7. Did see ,have seen8. Has been9. Bought ,has paid10. Hasnt read11. Have travelled 12. Has come ,has come, came13. Has lived ,moved14. Have lived, moved 15. have seen,saw16. have made 17. Have stayed18. Havent arrived19. Drove20. Have learned五、单项选择。    1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未完毕，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B.    2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B.    3、C    4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so  far（到目前为止），in  the  past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D.    5、C    6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C.    7、C    8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three  times（三次），several  times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B.    9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday ， last  week ， a  moment  ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B.    10、B    11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D.    12、B    13、A     14、C     15、A.    16、“have/has  gone  to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has  been  in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has  been  to  +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A.    17、A    18、D     19、C     20、C    六、句型转换。    1、has he？             2、How long            3、died， has been dead      4、has been away      5、joined；ago   6、It is， since       7、The bus has been here for ten minutes.    七、汉译英。    1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.    2、He received a letter yesterday.    3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.    4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.    5、She has been to Shanghai.    6、Where has he been these days？