句子成分分析

2021/6/3012022-6-191句子成分分析2021/6/302学习目标v理解主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语和宾语补足语的含义以及能在句子中划分主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。2021/6/3032022-6-1931. I am a teacher.2. The doctor works hard.3.To study hard is necessary.4. Eating too much is bad for your health.5. It is important for us to learn English. 主语：主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首一般在句首2021/6/3042022-6-1942.谓语：谓语：1.He studies hard.2.He laughed at his classmates.3.He can speak English.4.I am a student.5.She looks well.注。谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成或者动词短语构成.2021/6/3052022-6-1953.表语：表语：v表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面和短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面和系动词一起构成谓语系动词一起构成谓语1.I am a teacher.2.She is happy.3.Everybody is at home.4.My job is teaching English.5.I feel terrible.2021/6/3062022-6-196其其 它它系动词系动词状态：状态：seem, appear, 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look -变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow - 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep, continue -2021/6/3072022-6-1974.宾语宾语v宾语是表动作行为的对象，由名词，代词，短宾语是表动作行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后1.He often helps me.2.I hope to see you again.3.I am interested in playing chess.4.I think that he is good boy.2021/6/3082022-6-198双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如： He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如： He brings cakes to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。2021/6/3092022-6-1995.定语定语 1.The black bike is mine. 2.She is an English teacher. 3.There are two students in the classroom. 4.We have something to do today. 5. The man in blue is my bother.6. I know the boy called Tom.Englishtwoto doin bluecalled一般定语在前，修饰不定代词的形容词在后，不定式作定语在所修饰的名词不定代词的后面。2021/6/30102022-6-19106.状语状语1.Thank you very much.2.I get up at six in the morning.3.He is studying hard to catch up with others.4.What do you want to be when you grow up.注. enough 作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当也可由从句来充当2021/6/30112022-6-19117.宾语补足语宾语补足语v在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用v它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当 1.If you let me go, Ill make you king. 2.Leave the door open.3.We found John out when we arrived. 4.Make yourself at home. 5.The boss keeps them working all day. 6.I heard my name called.2021/6/30122022-6-19121. The machine doesn1. The machine doesnt work.t work.2. He is an honest student.2. He is an honest student.3. The silk feels soft.3. The silk feels soft.4. I have a lot of friends here. 4. I have a lot of friends here. 5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.6. I saw him writing a letter.6. I saw him writing a letter.7. I find maths difficult.7. I find maths difficult.8. We call her Lily.8. We call her Lily.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.9. Father asked me to turn off the TV.主主谓谓宾宾定定表表宾补宾补主主 系系an honestan honest表表主主系系主主谓谓主主主主主主主主主主谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓间宾间宾直宾直宾宾宾宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾宾宾宾宾宾句子成分常用词性主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语表语表语宾补宾补n/pron.n./pron.Adj.Adv.n./adj.n./adj./to do /doingV2021/6/3013Thank you ！ 若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！