中考从句总复习

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流中考从句总复习.精品文档.定语从句复习一、概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、关系词：关系代词和关系副词在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又是定语从句的成分。关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose；关系副词：where，when，why。三、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以指人，也可以指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：l Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（作主语）l The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（作宾语）2. which只用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：l The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）l The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3. who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，可省略。例如：l The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）l Who is the teacher（who/whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当which，who，whom在定语从句中是作为介词的宾语时，如果介词没有提前，which，who，whom可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：l This is the house in which we lived last year. / This is the house (which) we lived in last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。l Please tell me the name of the person from whom you borrowed the English novel. /Please tell me the name of the person (whom) you borrowed the English novel from. 请告诉我借你这本英文小说的人的名字。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：l This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：l The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that，不能用which的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，例如：l He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b. 被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，例如：l Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c. 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，例如：l This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，例如：l I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that，例如：l Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a. 先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that，例如：l Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that，例如：l This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：l Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。四、关系副词的用法1when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。2where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。3why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。练习：选择最佳答案填空：1. Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday?A. who B. whom C. which D. whose2. Thats all _ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what3. Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about _ yesterday ? A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them 4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been5. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which6. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which7. _ cleans the classroom can go home first. A. Anyone B. those whoo C. However D. The one who8. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which9. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister. A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was10. George Mallory was an English teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which11. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes, hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom12. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one13. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it14. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it15. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree16. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which D. who17. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B whose C. that D. of which.18. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which；is B. whom；was C. who；is D. who；was19. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who20. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in参考答案：1-5 CDCBA 6-10 BDBCA 11-15BBCAC 16-20 ABCCD宾语从句复习一、在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。l He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)l He asks him how long Mike has been down. (动词宾语)l Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)二、宾语从句的引导词有三类：1. 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导陈述句形式的宾语从句，that可以省略。l The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.l She told me (that) she would like to go with us.2. 以连接词which, what, who, how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，用来引导特别疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序。l Could you tell me whats the matter with you?l I want to know how soon it will begin.3. 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序。l I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei.三、宾语从句的时态 1. 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。l I want to know what time he got up this morning.l You are telling me that you wont stop until tomorrow?2. 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。l They asked what Jean was doing now .l Linda said that the train had left.3. 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。l Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.l Polly said no news is a good news注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但以下情况例外：1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifl We are talking about whether well go on the picnic.2. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether.l Could you tell me whether you go or not?3. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.l You cant work the plan out if you dont have the meeting .练习：选择最佳答案填空：1. -Do you know when the World Cup _ next week? - Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you. A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins2. - What are you talking about? - We are talking about _ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what3. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives4. - Are you sure you have to ? It's been very late. - I don't know _ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how5. -Would you please tell me _? - In a small village near Niingbo. A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born6. The photograph will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like7. - Can you guess if they _ to play basketball with us? - I think they'll come if they _ free. A. will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be8. -Where does he come from? - Pardon? - I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from9. She wondered _. A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the computer10. -Do you know _? - I'm not sure. Maybe he is a businessman. A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do 1-5 DCDCB 6-10 BBBBA状语从句复习一、状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词，副词、主句等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。二、各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before, whenever条件if, unless原因as, because, since地点where, wherever目的so that, in order that结果so that, sothat, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式as 比较than, (not)asas, 例句：时间状语从句：Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。条件状语从句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。原因状语从句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。地点状语从句：Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。目的状语从句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。结果状语从句：He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. 他气得说不出话了。让步状语从句：Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。方式状语从句：Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。比较状语从句：The work isnt as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。练习：选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。1. Jim spends a lot of money on books _ he is not rich. 2. Kate fell into sleep _she was listening to the music.3. -Is David at school today? -No. He is at home _he has a bad cold.4. We wont have supper _my mother comes back.5. Speak to him slowly _he may understand you better.6. _ she doesnt come on Sunday, Ill go fishing by myself.7. It is four years _I had left that small village.8. _the air moves, it is called wind.9. We will go to the park _it doesnt rain tomorrow.10._little boys did _much work. 11. There are few new words in the passage _we cant understand it.12. Go back _you come from.13. He reached the station _the train had left.14. -Do you have a swimming pool? -No, we dont. At least, not _big _yours.15. Give me your paper _you have finished it.16. It is raining hard, _we have to stay at home.17. _you work harder, youll never pass the final exam.18. Look after te children _I am out.19. The village is _far away _I cant get there on foot.20. That is _an interesting book _I cant stop reading it.Keys: 1.though 2.while 3.because 4.until 5. so that 6.Even if 7.since 8.when 9.if 10.Such, do 11.but 12.where 13.before 14.as(so), as15.after 16.so 17.unless 18.while 19.so, that 20.such, that